• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 1998

The popcorn cracking phenomena in plastic IC packages during reflow soldering are investigated by considering the heat transfer and moisture diffusion through the epoxy molding compound(EMC) along with the mechanics of interface delamination. Heat transfer and moisture diffusion through EMC under die pad are analyzed by finite difference method (FDM)during the pre-conditioning and subsequent reflow soldiering pro-cess and the amounts of moisture mass and vapor pressure at delaminated die pad/ EMC interface are calculated as a function of the reflow soldering time. The energy release rate stress intensity factor and phase angle were obtained under various loading conditions which are thermal crack face vapor pressure and mixed loadings. It was shown that thermal loading was the main driving force for the crack propagation for small crack lengths but vapor pressure loading played more significant role as crack grew.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.6 s.33
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• pp.33-39
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• 2005

A thermal vapor compressor in which the subsonic/supersonic flow appears simultaneously, has been accurately designed through the CFD analysis for the various shape parameters such as the primary nozzle shape, converging duct shape, mixing tube diameter, and so on. The performance of the developed thermal vapor compressor has been experimentally verified to be installed in a Multi Effect Desalination(MED) plant as an important element. In this paper, the effects of each parameter are discussed on the basis of CFD results and the experimental results for various boundary conditions(motive pressure, suction pressure, and discharge pressure) are presented in compared with CFD results. The two results show a good agreement with each other within 2 % accuracy with regard to the entrainment ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand relation of meteorological elements of air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure of four cities with Daegu. The followings are main results from this study. 1) There is very high correlation of meteorological elements according to distance between city and city. 2) In case of seaside town at Pohang, there were little changes than other cities for temperature, humidity and vapor pressure. 3) It was analysed stable and similar diurnal variation in water vapor pressure than air temperature and relative humidity at all observation site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2018

In this study, water vapor pressure and restrained stress were evaluated by ring-type restrained condition for compressive strength 60 and 80MPa concrete. Experimental results show that the 80MPa concrete has higher water vapor pressure and restraint stress than the 60MPa concrete, resulting in spalling occurrence. It is because, the higher the compressive strength of the concrete, the more dense the internal structure is formed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.44-45
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• 2018

In this study, water vapor pressure of high strength concrete reinforced with amorphous steel fiber(AF) was evaluated. Experimental results show that spalling occurs when the incorporation rate of amorphous steel fiber is 0.5 vol.% or more. This is because the ratio of AF increased per unit area influenced the formation of the water vapor pressure discharge passage by the polypropylene fiber(PPF) melting. Therefore, it is necessary to find the proper mixing ratio of AF and PPF to prevent spalling.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2004

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the performance of a bubble pump for the diffusion absorption refrigerating system. Ammonia was used as the refrigerant and the helium was charged in order to balance the pressure between the low and high pressure side. As experimental variables, the concentration of ammonia charged into system, heat input, and the pressure of helium were selected. Experimental results show that the generation rate of ammonia vapor and the circulation rate of diluted ammonia solution were increased as the heat input increases, but the ratio of the solution to vapor flow rate was decreased. The generation rate of refrigerant vapor and the circulation rate of diluted ammonia solution increased as the system pressure decreased. Finally under the condition of 25 bars, the concentration of rich ammonia solution was not affected by the generation rate of ammonia vapor and the circulation of diluted ammonia solution.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1371-1379
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• 2003

The effects of change in injection pressure on spray structure in high temperature and pressure field have been investigated. The analysis of liquid and vapor phases of injected fuel is important for emissions control of diesel engines. Therefore, this work examines the evaporating spray structure using a constant volume vessel. The injection pressure is selected as the experimental parameter, is changed from 22 MPa to 112 MPa using a high pressure injection system (ECD-U2). Also, we conducted simulation study by modified KIVA-II code. The results of simulation study are compared with experimental results. The images of liquid and vapor phase for free spray were simultaneously taken by exciplex fluorescence method. As experimental results, the vapor concentration of injected fuel is leaner due to the increase of atomization in the case of the high injection pressure than in that of the low injection pressure. The calculated results obtained by modified KIVA-II code show good agreements with experimental results.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the liquid- and vapor-phase spray characteristics, such as spray tip penetration and spray angle using gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector with multi-hole. The vapor-phase spray was captured by the Schlieren visualization system, which consists of high-speed camera, LED lamp, concave mirrors, and knife-edge. The liquid-phase spray was visualized by Mie-scattering techniques. Both spray images of vapor- and liquid-phase were visualized under 373 K of ambient temperature, 1 bar of ambient pressure, and 100/200 bar of injection pressure. The energizing duration was fixed at 1.5 ms. From the analysis of experimental results, it revealed that the increased injection pressure induced an early vaporization due to the improvement of droplet atomization. The spray tip penetration and spray angle in vapor-phase were higher than those in liquid-phase. The difference in the spray tip penetration between vapor- and liquid-spray gradually increased with the time elapsed after the injection. Even with the spray angle characteristics, it was found that the difference between the spray angle of liquid and vapor spray gradually grew after they entered steady-state conditions.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 1998

The characteristics of liquefied butane spray are expected to be different from conventional diesel fuel spray, because a kind of flash boiling spray is expected when the back pressure is below the saturation vapor pressure of the butane(0.23MPa at $25^{\circ}C$). An accumulator type pintle injector and its fuel delivery system has been simulated in ruder to give injection pressure, needle lift and rate of fuel injected. The governing equation were solved by finite difference metho. The injection duration was controlled by solenoid valve. Spray behaviors such as a transient spray tip penetration, spray angle and SMD were calculated based on the empirical correlations in case that the back pressure is both above the vapor pressure of the butane and below that of butane. When the back preassure is below the vapor pressure of the fuel, conventional correlation is modified to represent the effect of flash boiling.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2018

The granite melting concept, which was suggested by Gibb's group for the closing of a deep borehole, was experimentally checked for KURT granite. The granite melting experiments were performed in two pressure conditions of atmospheric melting with certain inorganic additives and high pressure melting formed by water vaporization. The results of atmospheric tests showed that KURT granite started to melt at a lower temperature of $1,000^{\circ}C$ with NaOH addition and that needle shaped crystals were formed around partially melted crystals. In high pressure tests, vapor pressure was increased by adding water with maximum pressure of about 400 bars. KURT granite was partially melted at $1,000^{\circ}C$ when vapor pressure was low. However, it was not melted at vapor pressures higher than 200 bars. Therefore, it was determined that high pressure with a small amount of water vapor more effectively decreased the melting point of granite. Meanwhile, high temperature and high pressure vapor caused severe corrosion of the reactor wall.