• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the structure of exports across countries in terms of value added. Exports value added is examined under two categories, domestic and overseas. Using a statistical classification method by distance based on these two value added categories, this paper estimates the similarity of exports value added across countries including Korea. Design/methodology - The model of study is to employ a generalized distance function and then derive the Manhattan and Euclidean distances. The paper also performs cluster analysis using the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) and hierarchical methods to classify the 44 sample countries considered in this study. Findings - Our main findings are as follows. The 44 countries can be classified under 5 groups by their domestic and overseas value added in exports. Korea has a sandwich global value chains (GVCs) position between Japan, China, and Taiwan in the East Asian region. Originality/value - Existing papers point out the double counting problem of trade statistics as the intermediate goods trade across borders increases. This paper addresses the double counting problem by using the World Input-Output Table. The paper shows the need to explore the similarity of value added in exports structure across countries and investigate the GVCs position and role of each country.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.37-67
• /
• 2024

This paper analyses carbon emissions and value-added embodied in trade between two large developed countries, South Korea and the United States, during 2000-2014. Using multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables, our analysis reveals that carbon emissions and value-added embodied in exports grew by 19% and 101% for South Korea but shrank by 43% and 7% for the United States. As a result, South Korea experienced a 40% increase in net carbon exports and 243% increase in net value-added exports. At the industry level, the primary drivers of changes in carbon exports were electricity and basic materials. The majority of industries in witnessed improvements in carbon intensities suggesting improved environmental efficiency. While both countries achieved a decoupling of carbon emissions from value-added exports, substantial year-to-year and sectoral variations were observed. Finally, structural decomposition analysis indicates that domestic supply-side factors played a role in decreasing emissions whereas foreign demand-side factors contributed to emissions increases. In line with the main findings, various implications for policy and future research are discussed.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 OECD-WTO의 부가가치 기준 무역(TiVA) 데이터를 이용하여 경제통합이 부가가치 기준 무역에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 경제통합은 회원국간의 무역을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 전통적 의미의 최종재와 중간재뿐만 아니라 수출에서 차지하는 국내 및 외국의 부가가치 규모도 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 아울러 경제통합이 국내 및 외국의 부가가치 무역을 증가시키는 효과가 대체로 비슷하여 총수출에서 국내부가가치가 차지하는 비중을 증가시키거나 감소시키지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.65-83
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic effects of FTAs using the concept of value-added exports. So far, the economic effects of FTAs have been dependent on decrease in import prices due to tariff cuts in importing countries, but the actual tariff reduction need to consider the value added of the exporting countries. Design/methodology - Value-added export refers to the added value created in the exporting country out of total exports. Among value-added exports, direct value-added export is interpreted as the Regional Value Contents (RVC), from which the economic effect of the FTA can be analyzed. A modified GTAP-VA model takes into account RVC in order to estimate accurate effects of FTAs. Findings - By the re-evaluation of the FTA based on the RVC, this paper makes it clear that the economic effects of the existing FTA methodology have the possibility of overestimation. In addition, as a new FTA with a strengthened Rules of Origin (ROO) is being initiated, a negative impact on international trade and GVC utilization may occur. Originality/value - This study introduces the concept of value-added export in analyzing the effects of FTAs. The new analysis methodology of this paper emphasizes the importance of value-added exports. Re-organization of GVCs would change regional trade agreements and empower ROO by weakening existing GVCs and transforming the value chain from global into regional scope.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.207-220
• /
• 2019

In the context of export-oriented growth strategy, Korea has promoted the conclusion of FTAs and 16 FTAs have entered into force or concluded so far. Despite of these efforts, the expansion of the global value chain (GVC) has resulted in fragmentation of production processes and international companies have been struggling to meet the criteria for determining the rule of origin. In order to overcome these difficulties, some foreign FTAs have been introducing cross-cumulation of origin. In this paper, we try to examine empirically whether the easing of the rules of origin using cross-cumulation contributes to the increase in actual value-added exports. we quantify the effects of cross-cumulation included in the EU-Vietnam FTA on Korean exports of the textile through a gravity model using the concept of value-added export. Based on the analysis results, the proportion of value-added exports in Vietnam increased by adoption of cross-cumulation of origin, which consequently resulted into an increase in total exports. This paper tries to draw several implications for the rules of origin in Korea's FTAs including cross-cumulation considering the export value chain of Korea.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.199-214
• /
• 2022

This study aims to quantify the value of origin among CPTPP and Korea, under the assumption that the 'cumulation' clause has large economic effects in multilateral FTAs and increase the possibility of improving FTA utilization. Analysing the relationship between value-added exports and FTA utilization rate, there is a positive correlation between the two variables, and the cumulation of multilateral production of CPTPP is expected to increase Korea's value-added exports. In the GTAP-VA model, the target of cumulation is calculated as 'Domestic Value Added', and all value-added of CPTPP are cumulated in the form of value added exports of exporting country. When Korea participates in CPTPP, it is possible to cumulate additional 6.3~9.6% value added, and the agreements with low FTA export utilization rates such as New Zealand, ASEAN would have greater economic effects of cumulation. For the successful implementation of CPTPP in Korea, it is necessary to develop a new origin verification system that enables multilateral value-added cumulation. It is time to seek cooperation with countries currently participating in CPTPP to prove the value added inherent in CPTPP-originating products.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.45-76
• /
• 2016

This paper measures the extent to which South Korea participated in global value chains (GVCs) from 1995 through 2011 and scrutinizes the consequences of such participation on the Korean economy. To this end, the World Input Output Database is utilized to calculate GVC income, GVC employment, and value-added exports created by Korean and foreign industries. Our findings show that Korea radically internationalized its production activities during the sample period, widening the gap between gross exports and value-added exports. We also document that Korea's participation in GVCs has changed the value-added and employment structures in domestic industries in accordance with their comparative advantages while exacerbating the degree of wage inequality.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.97-121
• /
• 2016

41개국 34개 산업의 부가가치수출 RCA를 계산하고 각국 각 산업의 경쟁력을 평가하였다. 중국의 성장속도가 한국보다 빠른 것은 사실이지만 한국의 수출을 대체 또는 추월하고 있다는 증거는 미약하다. 수출 주력산업에서의 일본과의 경쟁력 격차가 확대되고 있다는 주장 또한 설득력이 미흡했다. 전세계 국가-산업의 패널분석의 시사점은, 대 세계 경쟁력을 유지하는 방편으로 산업 내 교역 특히 중간재 교역이 활성화되면서 부가가치 RCA와 총수출 RCA 간에 격차가 발생한다는 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2022

Purpose - This paper empirically explores the RCA of electrical equipment trade between China and Korea from the perspective of gross trade and value-added trade. The goal of this paper is to scan the electrical equipment's RCA, the decomposition of gross exports, and the impacts of an exerted shock. Design/methodology - We applied the domestic value-added method in measuring the RCA, which could be more accurate than traditional RCA since it excludes foreign value-added. Based on the research purpose, this paper follows the framework of Koopman, Wang, and Wei (2014)-as extended by Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2018). It extracts the data from the 2019 Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO) databases compiled by the Asian Development Bank in January 2021. Findings - After rigorous examination, the main findings are as follows: First, the electrical equipment sector maintains a consistent comparative advantage in either assessing method. Second, China exports more gross goods of electrical equipment to the world than South Korea does, but there is a trade deficit with Korea. Third, South Korea and P.R. China are the most significant bilateral partners of foreign value-added sourcing. Finally, it is surprising that there is a shock on electrical equipment; the partner's service, as well as manufacturing sectors, would be affected. Originality/value - This paper explores the revealed comparative advantage between Korea and China from traditional gross export and value-added perspectives. Second, we apply the information from the 2019 MRIO database compiled by the Asian Development Bank in January 2021, reflecting the current situation. Third, this paper analyzes the electrical equipment and the impacts on other parties' sectors. Finally, we carry out the subjects that deserve to be investigated in the future.

• 기술혁신학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.279-303
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 한국의 IT 기기산업 특히 IT 기기 수출에 대해 다룬다. 현재 IT 기기 수출은 한국 전체 수출의 약 30%를 차지하고 있으며, 더욱이 IT 기기 수출 규모는 매년 증가하고 있다. 한국 경제에 IT 기기 수출이 미치는 영향력은 매우 엄청나다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 영향력에 대한 연구는 쉽게 발견할 수가 없다. 본 논문에서는 산업연관분석을 사용하여 2002년부터 2005년까지 IT 기기 수출이 국내 산업에 미치는 경제적 파급효과를 분석한다. 이를 위해 한국의 IT 기기 수출의 현황에 대해 요약하여 제시하고, 다양한 수준에서의 IT기기 수출의 경제적 파급효과 분석결과를 제시한다.