• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-25
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• 2007

Relative value scales introduced in 2001 remarkably improved health insurance fee schedule, but current relative value scales have many problems. In the beginning the government intended to introduce 'resource based relative value scales(RBRVSs)' like USA, but political adjustment of RBRVS studied in 19.17 weakened the relationship between relative value scale and resource consumption. So unbalance of health insurance fees are existing till now. Also relative value was not divided to physician work and practice expense, and malpractice fee was not divided separately. To correct the unbalance of current relative value scales, the refinement project of health insurance relative value scales started in 2003. The project team divided relative value scales into three components, which are physician work, practice expense, malpractice fee. Physician work was studied by professional organizations like Korean medical association. To develop the practice expense relative value, project team organized clinical practice expert panels(CPEPs) composed of physicians, nurses, and medical technicians. CPEPs constructed direct expense data like labor costs, material costs, equipment costs about each medical procedures. The practice expense relative values of medical procedures were developed by the allocation of the institution level direct & indirect costs according to CPEPs direct costs. Institution level direct & indirect costs were collected in 21 hospitals, 98 medical clinics, 53 dental clinics, 78 oriental clinics, and 46 pharmacies. The malpractice fee relative values were developed through the survey of malpractice related costs of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies. Putting together three components of relative values in one scale, the final relative values were made. The final relative values were calculated under budget neutrality by medical departments, that is, total relative value score of a department was same before and after the revision. but malpractice fee relative value scores were added to total scores of relative values. So total score of a department was increased by the malpractice fee relative value score of that department This project failed in making 'resource based' relative value scales in the true sense of the word, because the total relative value scores of medical departments were fixed. However the project team constructed the objective basis of relative value scale like physician's work, direct practice expense, malpractice fee. So step by step making process of the basis, the fixation of total scores by the departments will be resolved and the resource based relative value scale will be introduced in true sense.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2001

Importance of technology evaluation cannot be overemphasized to support the effective investment policy. Most of the technology evaluation relies on either quantitative analysis for the value or qualitative comparison due to some attribute. When qualitative comparison is made, typically not only individual attribute. but also overall score is evaluated by the committee of experts. In this paper, we consider the qualitative evaluation procedure used in a venture incubating center and validate if the relationship between the average score of individual attribute and the overall score is significant. Additionally, we identify if the initially evaluated scores are good indicators for the realized future value of technology. Structural equation modeling approach is used and we expect that our approach can make important contributions on improving the currently used technology evaluation method.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations of marbling characteristics, including marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and fleck traits, with meat quality traits and histochemical characteristics of the longissimus thoracis muscle from Hanwoo steers. Marbling fleck characteristics, especially area, number, and fineness (F) index, measured by computerized image analysis were strongly correlated with marbling score and IMF content (p<0.05). However, coarseness (C) index and F/C ratio were somewhat limited relationships with marbling score. In contrast, the IMF content and the number of smaller white flecks increased with increasing lightness value (p<0.05). Moreover, beef with higher marbling scores showed lower cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force value compared to beef with lower marbling scores (p<0.05). Regarding the muscle bundle traits, as number of bundle increased, number of marbling flecks increased (p<0.05), although most marbling characteristics did not have significant correlation with muscle fiber or bundle characteristics.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In this paper, we have represented the efficient way how to enumerate the optimal number-right scores to adjust the item difficulty and to improve item discrimination. To estimate the optimal number-right scores in two equivalent math-tests by linear score equating a measurement error model was applied to the true scores observed from a pair of equivalent math-tests assumed to measure same trait. The model specification for true scores which is represented by the bivariate model is a simple regression model to inference the optimal number-right scores and we assume again that the two simple regression lines of raw scores and true scores are independent each other in their error models. We enumerated the difference between mean value of $\chi$＊ and ${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ and the difference between the mean value of y＊and a＋b${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ by making an inference the estimates from 2 error variable regression model. Furthermore, so as to distinguish from the original score points, the estimated number-right scores y’$\^$*/ as the estimated regression values of true scores with the same coordinate were moved to center points that were composed of such difference values with result of such parallel score moving procedure as above mentioned. We got the asymptotically normal distribution in Figure 5 that was represented as the optimal distribution of the optimal number-right scores so that we could decide the optimal proportion of number-right score in each item. Also by assumption that equivalence of two tests is closely connected to unidimensionality of a student’s ability. we introduce new definition of trait score to evaluate such ability in each item. In this study there are much limitations in getting the real true scores and in analyzing data of the bivariate error model. However, even with these limitations we believe that this study indicates that the estimation of optimal number right scores by using this enumeration procedure could be easily achieved.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2004

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is sometimes difficult. The aim of this study is to validate a clinical scoring system and ultrasonography for the early diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis in childhood. This is a prospective study on 59 children admitted with abdominal pain at St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea from July 2002 to August 2003. We applied Madan Samuel's Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) based on preoperative history, physical examination, laboratory finding and ultrasonography. This study was designed as follows: patients with score 5 or less were observed regardless of the positive ultrasonographic finding, patients with score 6 and 7 were decided according to the ultrasonogram and patients above score 8 were operated in spite of negative ultrasonographic finding. The patients were divided into two groups, appendicitis (group A) and non-appendicitis groups (group B). Group A consisted of 36 cases and Group B, 23 cases. Mean score of group A was 8.75 and group B was 6.13 (p<0.001). Comparing the diagnostic methods in acute appendicitis by surveying sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy, PAS gave 1.0000, 0.3043, 0.6923, 1.0000, and 0.7288, and ultrasonography gave 0.7778, 0.9130, 0.9333, 0.7241, and 0.8300 while the combined test gave 1.0000, 0.8696, 0.9231, 1.0000, and 0.9490, respectively. Negative laparotomy rate was 3 %. In conclusion, the combination of PAS and ultrasonography is a more accurate diagnostic tool than either PAS or ultrasonography.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1987

This study was to explore the level of self-actualization of the students in Korea Air and Correspondence University. The study subjects consisted of 507 students who visited the counseling center for taking advices to several psychosocial problems due to distance education through nursing counseling. The self actualization of the subjects evaluated by the self-actualization Inventory standardized by Kim and Lee in Korea. It consisted of 130 two-choice comparative value and behavior judgements. The items also consisted of two basic scales: one is inner directed scale (107 items) and the other is time competence (23 items) which included eight subscales, each of which measures a conceptually important element of self-actualization. Analysis of finding was as follows: 1) The self-actualization mean score of the total subjects was characterized by normal value within normal range of scale. The highest subscale score was NC scale: the lowest scale was EX scale. 2) The mean score of time competence scale of female student was higher than male student's time competence scale. 3) There was no significant differences in self aclualization among 4 groups in age. 4) There was also no significant differences in self-actualization between the group taken one time nursing counseling and the group taken two more times nursing counseling. 5) The problems of Job, learning, personality and further study, significantly had effects on the score of self-actualization level.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a new batter evaluation model that reflects the skill of the opponent pitcher in Korean professional baseball. The model consists of evaluation factors such as Run Value, Contribution Score and Ball Consumption considering the pitcher grade. These evaluation factors are calculated as different data. In order to include the evaluation factors having different characteristics into one model, each evaluation factor is weighted and added. The genetic algorithms were used to calculate the weights, and the data were based on the 2016 records of Korea Professional Baseball and the salary data of the players of 2017. As a result of calculation of the weight, the weight of the Run Value was high and the weight of the Contribution Score was very low. This means that when calculating the annual salary, it reflects much of the expected score according to the batting result of the batter. On the other hand, the contribution score indicating the degree to which the batting result contributed to the victory of the team according to the state of the economy is not reflected in the salary or point system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.385-394
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diagnostic range for BMD measurement tools(DEXA, QUS, and RA) to health examination in transitional ages. In standard T-score -2.5 of DEXA, cutoff value by RA is -1.675(sensitivity: 70.0%, specificity: 63.7%) and cutoff value by QUS is -1.733(sensitivity: 70.4, specificity: 59.5%), also T-score -3.0 of DEXA, cutoff value by RA is -2.325(sensitivity: 70.0%, specificity: 42.9%) and cutoff value by QUS is -2.323(sensitivity: 70.4, specificity: 56.8%). There was, however, no significant difference in standard DEXA(lumbar spine and femur) between RA and QUS by repeat measurement(precision), and correlation were without effect. ROC analysis showed that all methods are qualified for BMD measurement tools to health examination in transitional ages; however, the different sensitivities and specificities of the methods, as well as age and gender, calibration parameters for diagnostic tests have to be considered.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-186
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• 2012

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of social networks in finding jobs and estimates the value of job search network using the Korean Laber and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) dataset and utilizing the Difference-in-Difference Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology (Heckman et al., 1997). While the wide use of social networks in the Korean labor market is often perceived as 'nepotism,' this study confirms that social networks, by serving as an effective information transmitter between job search and recruitment, make a significant contribution to improving the adequacy of job matching in the domestic labor market. In order to verify the effectiveness of using social networks for getting jobs, this study looks into the cases of labor turnover using social networks and also not using it. In the aspect of individual satisfaction improvement relating to workplace and job duties, both cases of turnover turn out to experience an increased satisfaction by 2~3 points (on a 100-score scale). Meanwhile, as for the educational and technical adequacy improvement, no positive effects are found in the case of turnover without social networks, whereas the educational and technical adequacy improvement turns out to increase by 2.13 and 2.52 points, respectively, in the case of turnover using social networks. The effect of income increase through turnover using social networks registered 40,074 Korean won per month (as of 2010), which can be considered as the result from the improved educational and technical adequacy. Of all things being considered, the value of job search network per wage worker in the Korean society is estimated to be 18.72 million won in terms of life-cycle wage improvement, and 758.2 scores in terms of the improvement of working life satisfaction. Provided that the cash value of satisfaction score 1 is equivalent to 'n' times 10,000 won, the aggregate value of job search network is estimated to be 18.72+7.582n million won, which means the total amount of costs that a wage worker in the Korean society willingly pays to maintain and manage job networks for lifetime.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2004

Purpose: Dealing patients with organophosphate poisoning, cholinesterase level has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic value. But there are some controversies that the cholinesterase level is significantly related to the severity or prognosis of acute organophosphate poisoning. We evaluated the correlation between initial serum level of cholinesterase and APACHE II score as an index for severity, and we assessed cholinesterase levels for predicting value of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Method: From August 1996 to March 2003, 23 patients with organophosphate poisoning who needed ventilatory care were enrolled. Retrospective review was done for the serum level of cholinesterase, APACHE II score, and the duration of ventilatory care. The percentage of measured serum cholinesterase to median normal value was used to standardize cholinesterase levels from different laboratories. Result: There were tendencies that the lower initial serum of cholinesterase, the higher the APACHE II score (r=0.297) and the longer the duration of mechanical ventilation (r=-0.204), but they were not significant (p=0.264 and p=0.351 respectively). In 9 patients whose serum cholinesterase level were checked at the time of weaning, mean of measured cholinesterase level was $10.3\pm7.60\%$ of normal value. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between initial level of serum cholinesterase and severity or duration of mechanical ventilation. General health status of patient, amount of ingestion, toxicity of agent should be considered as important factors for severity of poisoning. And the decision of weaning should be based not solely on the cholinesterase level but on the consideration of general and respiratory state of individual patients.