• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1381-1384
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• 2006

본 연구는 21C 프론티어사업과 같이 상용화를 전제로 하는 기술개발사업의 파급효과 정량화를 위하여, 기술의 분석뿐이 아닌 기술개발로 인하여 산출되는 제품과 이를 수요하게 될 산업 간의 연관도의 작성을 제안한다. 그 사례로서 기술 개발의 실용화를 통하여 물관리 효율을 높이고 친환경적으로 신규 수자원을 개발하여 예상되고 있는 한국의 물부족 나아가서는 세계의 물문제의 해결을 목표로 하고 있는 수자원의 지속적 확보기술개발사업단의 기술을 분석한다. 기술개발사업의 최종목표가 상용화를 통하여 달성된다면 개발하고 있는 기술의 경제적 가치 분석 작업에는 당연히 최종수요자에 대한 고려가 있어야 할 것이다. 그러나 일반적으로 기술개발자는 기술의 개발 시 수요자에 대한 고려가 미흡하며, 수요자 역시 개발자에게 충분한 정보를 주지 못하고 있다. 이로 인하여 수많은 정부주도 기술개발사업에는 이른바 Valley of Death, 즉 기술은 개발되었으나 상용화의 벽을 넘지 못하고 사라져 가는 현상이 매우 빈번히 나타나고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 개별기술평가에 기존의 기술연관도나 산업연관도와 달리 이들을 기술개발단계별로 연결하여주는 가칭 '기술-제품-산업연관도'의 작성을 제안한다. 이를 통하여 기술개발로 인하여 궁극적으로 산출되는 제품과 이들을 수요하는 산업들간의 연관관계를 확인할 수 있어 연구 포트폴리오 구성, 기술가치평가 및 공정분석기법의 적용범위 체계화, 수자원의 지속적 확보 기술의 기술이전 및 실용화를 촉진하기 위한 전략 마련에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 기술-제품-산업 연관도를 통해 수자원의 지속적 확보기술의 정량적 성과평가가 더욱 용이하여지며, 특히 수요자간의 의견수렴절차에서 매우 긴요하게 쓰일 수 있어, 기술개발사업의 타당성을 확보할 수 있으며, 개발기술의 상용화율 제고 및 잠재수요층 개발과 기업 투자자와 정부관계자의 이해도 중진을 통한 사업진행효율 증대를 기대할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구는 각종 개발기술의 파급효과 분석의 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있으며 다른 기술분야 평가에도 객관적이고 타당성 있는 평가 틀로서 활용 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

This study set out to identify problems with amphibian habitation by the wetland types and improve their habitation environment in urban forest wetlands, thus creating a habitat for amphibians. Study site include forest swamps in Jatjul Park as well as Yeoji neighborhood Park in Guro-gu, and in Choansan neighborhood Park in Dobong-gu. The forest swamp in Jatjul Park gets its water from Mt. Maebong and it is a former escalated farmland-turned wetland. The swamp area is $2,500m^2$, a forest zone and a landscape planting site are 83.27% and 6.70% each. Target species Seoul pond frogs are inseparable from rice fields because they live in a short radius of and lay eggs in or near paddy fields, and Rana nigromaculata have similarities with Rana plancyi chosenica in choosing their habitats. There was need for paths that would lead to other paths so amphibians would spread to other parts of the forest and for measures to secure open water. Modifying a variety of routes for water, human and animals along with building a buffer to keep the core habitation zones were required. The forest swamp in Yeonji neighborhood Park used to be a water reservoir on the foot of Mt. Gunji. The swamp area is $1,980m^2$, a forest zone and farmland account for 80.61% and 4.88% each. Non-point pollutants from upstream along run into the subject forest marsh, bare ground on the around swamp and steep stone embankments obstructed amphibians. Target species was Bufo gargarizans that live in forests and edges of hills and spawn in deep water. The forest swamp in Choansan neighborhood Park gets its water from Mt. Choan and it is close to its water source that it is a mountain stream forest wetland. The basin and the swamp are $35,240m^2$ and $250m^2$ in size respectively. A forest zone accounts for 90.20%, high stone embankments laid in refurbishing the valley obstruct amphibians and there is water shortage in times of droughts. Target species were Rana coreana, Rana dybowskii and Hynobius leechii that live in mountain valleys, streams and wetlands and lay eggs in forest marshes and rocks in valleys. Looking into the three swamps of amphibian habitation, I came to conclusions that those wetlands were suitable for their amphibians but man-made facilities blocked their corridors leading to other corridors and even killed off target species in some parts of those swamps by destroying those parts. Amphibians live in water, on ground and underground at different stages of life. Hence, we should take this fact into consideration when planning their habitats and design core habitation zones, buffers zone and use zones accordingly. Buffer zones ought to be between core habitation zones and surrounding trees. Aiming at protecting core habitation zones, buffers should be in harmony with habitation zones. Use zones should be minimized in size and not in direct contact with core habitation zones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.373-381
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• 2012

An automatic flow and water quality monitoring system was applied to estimate pollutant loads to an urban stream during storm events in DTV (Daeduk Techno Valley), Daejeon, Korea. The monitoring system consists of rainfall gage, ultrasonic water level meter, water quality sensors for DO, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and automatic water sampler for further laboratory analysis. All data are transmitted through on-line system and the monitoring system is designed to be controlled manually in the field and remotely from laboratory computer. Flow rates were verified with field measurements during storm events and showed good agreements. Automatic sampler was used to collect real time samples and analyzed for BOD, COD, TN, TP, SS and other pollutant concentrations in the laboratory. SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) urban watershed model was applied and calibrated using the observed flow and water quality data for the study area. While flow modeling results showed good agreement for all events, water quality modeling results showed variable levels of agreement. These results indicate that current options in the SWMM model to predict pollutant build up and wash-off effects are not sufficient to satisfy modeling of all the rainfall events under study and thus need further modification. This study showed the automatic monitoring system can be used to provide data to assist further refinement of modeling accuracy. This automatic stormwater monitoring and modeling system can be used to develop basin scale water quality management strategies of urban streams in storm events.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

It is generally known that the increase of the Earth surface temperature due to the global warming together with the land desertification by rapid urban development has caused severe climate and weather change. In desert or desertification land, it is observed that there are always severe flooding phenomena, even if desert sand has the high porosity, which could be believed as the favorable condition of rain water infiltration into ground water. The high runoff feature causes possibly another heavy rain by quick evaporation with the depletion of underground water due to the lack of infiltration. The basic physics of desert flooding is reasonably assumed due to the thermal buoyancy of the higher temperature of the soil temperature than that of the rain drop. Considering the importance of this topic associated with water resource management and climate disaster prevention, no systematic investigation has, however, been reported in literature. In this study, therefore, a laboratory scale experiment together with the effort of numerical calculation have been performed to evaluate quantitatively the basic hypothesis of run-off mechanism caused by the increase of soil temperature. To this end, first, of all, a series of experiment has been made repeatedly with the change of soil temperature with well-sorted coarse sand having porosity of 35% and particle diameter, 2.0 mm. In specific, in case 1, the ground surface temperature was kept at $15^{\circ}C$, while in case 2 that was high enough at $70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ was tested as this try since the informal measured surface temperature of black sand in California's Coachella Valley up to at 191 deg. $^{\circ}F$ ($88^{\circ}C$). Based on the experimental study, it is observed that the amount of runoff at $70^{\circ}C$ was higher more than 5% compared to that at $15^{\circ}C$. Further, the relative amount of infiltration by the decrease of the surface temperature from 70 to $15^{\circ}C$ is about more than 30%. The result of numerical calculation performed was well agreed with the experimental data, that is, the increase of runoff in calculation as 4.6%. Doing this successfully, a basic but important research could be made in the near future for the more complex and advanced topic for this topic.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

This article is to review the concepts of Confucian Utopia in Chosun Dynasty by looking into a sample of Daksil Village in Bongwha area. Here are some of the investigation. 1. The spatial composition entities of Daksil Village are both Confucian and Tao elements. 2. The whole views are made up by placing the Taoist View(gardens) into the Confucianist view(village and Seowon) and by placing the Confucianist view(summer house) into the Taoist view(Valley view of Seokcheonjeong). Two worlds are integrated into one by including each other. 3. According to the theory of geomancy(fang-shui), Daksil has the shape of ‘Geum-Gye-Po-Ran (Golden chicken embracing eggs)’, which is considered to be a land of fortune. Conclusively, Confucianists in Chosen Dynasty adopted fang-shui details when they built a residence, while they put much importance on Confucian and Tao elements. Moreover, it is found in the records that “It is a good place to start a village if there are mountains and water near the residence.” The fact that Daksil village is located at a day's distance from Seowon-Seokcheonjeongsa-Village-Jaesil-Grave proves that the residential village is set at an ideal place.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

This study describes a development of GIS-based program called Debris Flow Analyzer for simulating the hazard extent of debris flow on the assumption that is uniform continuous, incompressible, unsteady. The Debris Flow Analyzer was designed to process debris flow numerical simulation with Finite Difference Formulation; smoothed DEM, slope, debris flow directions, extract valley, debris volume, water volume, debris flow moving speed, effective viscosity, dynamic friction coefficient. Also, it is expected that we can be improved the inform of debris flow hazard map by Google Earth.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

The most important effect of refining is believed as the internal fibrillation. The internal fibrillation is the separation of the fiber wall into several lamellae. The internal fibrillation results in fiber swelling as water penetrates the fiber wall. The increase in paper strength as a result of refining was due to delamination which made the fiber more flexible. Pulp fibers are refined to 20, 40, and 70$^{\circ}$SR freeness at Valley beater. Changes of Physical paper properties are analyzed depending on fiber wall thickness and fiber's collapse index at 2.5 and 5.6kg$_f$ refining load. At same $^[\circ}$SR freeness with 2.5kg$_f$ refining load, fiber wall thickness is increased further than at high 5.6kg$_f$ refining load. With higher fiber wall thickness by lower intensity refining load, higher internal fibrillation, flexibility, collapsability of fibers are achieved. Those effects improve WRV, tensile strength, and burst strength. Tear strength shows opposite trend to tensile and burst strength as usual.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1316-1320
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of restructured pressed smoked duck steak from the breast meat of Cherry Valley ducks. Different levels of isolated soybean protein (ISP) (0, 15 and $30g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) or carrageenan (5, 10 and $15g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) were added to manufacture the restructured pressed smoked duck steak. The results were as follows: No significant differences were observed for moisture, crude fat, crude protein, cooking loss and water holding capacity of products from all treatments. The panel test scores showed that color, flavor and binding ability of products were considered acceptable. The drip loss in control sliced-products was significantly higher than products containing ISP or carrageenan (p<0.05) during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. The pH value, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of vacuum-packaged products did not change significantly during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. However, TBA values increased with storage time. The viable bacterial counts were about $10^{3}-10^{4}CFU/g$ during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. The products remained good quality during the storage period.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2011

Ultra High molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) films were photooxidized by UV/ozone irradiation. Reflectance of the irradiated films decreased in the low wavelength regions of visible light, indicating destructive interference of visible light due to roughened surface. The UV treatment developed the nano-scale roughness on the UHMWPE films surface, which increased by two-fold from 82.6 to 156.6nm in terms of peak-valley roughness. The UV irradiation caused the oxygen content of the UHMWPE film surface to increase. Water contact angle decreased from $83.2^{\circ}$ to $72.9^{\circ}$ and surface energy increased from 37.8 to 42.6mJ/$m^2$ with increasing UV energy. The surface energy change was attributed to significant contribution of polar component rather than nonpolar component indicating surface photooxidation of UHMWPE films. The increased dyeability to cationic dyes may be due to the photochemically introduced anionic and dipolar dyeing sites on the film surfaces.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-79
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• 2014

This paper deals with system thinking in the resilience of the SES (Social-Ecological Systems) around Mt. Gariwang, located in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, in particular with the disturbance that a new ski slope is planned to be built for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic. It first performs a literature survey and newspaper article search to summarize the controversy with regards to credible environmental and socio-economical impacts of the plan, and then elaborates a series of CLDs (Causal Loop Diagrams) to infer the dynamics of the impacts. The results imply that the natural restoration seems to be hard because the development activities can cause a great deal of damage to the ecosystem mainly due to soil degradation and the mitigation of icy valley effects with water exploitation for making artificial snow and so on. Moreover most of the households near the planned site seem to leave with land compensation, thus more policy efforts are needed to enhance the resilience of the ecosystem and the nearby society based on ecotourism.