• 제목/요약/키워드: Vacuum drying

검색결과 286건 처리시간 0.028초

Improving the Viability of Freeze-dried Probiotics Using a Lysine-based Rehydration Mixture

  • Arellano, Karina;Park, Haryung;Kim, Bobae;Yeo, Subin;Jo, Hyunjoo;Kim, Jin-Hak;Ji, Yosep;Holzapfel, Wilhelm H.
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제49권2호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2021
  • The probiotic market is constantly continuing to grow, concomitantly with a widening in the range and diversity of probiotic products. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide a benefit to the host when consumed at a proper dose; the viability of a probiotic is therefore of crucial importance for its efficacy. Many products undergo lyophilization for maintaining their shelf-life. Unfortunately, this procedure may damage the integrity of the cells due to stress conditions during both the freezing and (vacuum-) drying process, thereby impacting their functionality. We propose a lysine-based mixture for rehydration of freeze-dried probiotics for improving their viability during in vitro simulated gastric and duodenum stress conditions. Measurement of the zeta potential served as an indicator of cell integrity and efficacy of this mixture, while functionality was estimated by adhesion to a human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell-line. The freeze-dried bacteria exhibited a significantly different zeta potential compared to fresh cultures; however, this condition could be restored by rehydration with the lysine mixture. Recovery of the surface charge was found to influence adhesion ability to the Caco-2 cell-line. The optimum lysine concentration of the formulation, designated "Zeta-bio", was found to be 0.03 M for improving the viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115 by up to 13.86% and a 7-strain mixture (400B) to 41.99% compared to the control rehydrated with distilled water. In addition, the lysine Zeta-bio formulation notably increased the adherence ability of lyophilized Lp-115 to the Caco-2 cell-line after subjected to the in vitro stress conditions of the simulated gastrointestinal tract passage.

Chitosan-ascorbate 처리 과메기에 있어서 오염미생물에 대한 저해효과 (Antibacterial effects of Chitosanon-ascorbate Treated Kwamaegi Prepared on Microorganism Contamination)

  • 김영숙;오승희;김순동
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.156-162
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    • 2009
  • 과메기를 표준화하는 일환으로 감압건조기 (vacuum drying)를 사용하여 CA (chitosan-ascorbate)로 표면을 coating한 것과 시중에서 판매되고 있는 일반 과메기와 미생물오염도를 비교분석 하였다. Total aerobacter에서 SCA (CA 처리한 꽁치 과메기)는 1.41, SGRW (ginseng steamed red, wine으로 처리한 꽁치 과메기)에서 1.63, SNT (CA 비처리한 시중판매 과메기) 에서는 1.9 log cycle 오염된 것을 비교하면 SCA가 0.22-0.49 log cycle 항균효과를 보인다. HCA (CA 처리한 청어과메기)에서는 2.27, HDW (심층수로 처리한 청어과메기) 2.32, HNT (비처리한 청어과메기) 2.72로서 오염도를 비교하면 HCA는 0.05-0.45 log cycle을 억제시켰다. GCA (CA 처리한 전어과메기)에서는 0.95, GDW (심층수로 처리한 전어과메기)와 GNT (비처리한 전어과메기)가 1.4의 수치를 나타내어서, GCA는 비처리한 GNT와 비교할 때 0.45 log cycle을 저해시켰다. Coliform과 E. coli에서는 오염미생물이 검출되지 않았다. S. aureus는 SCA 에서 0.47, SGRW 1.15, SNT 1.27로 조사되어 미생물 오염도를 비교하면 SCA는 0.68-0.8 log cycle의 오염미생물을 억제시킨다. HCA는 1.15, HDW 1.11, HNT 1.36과 비교하면 HCA는 오염미생물 0.21 log cycle을 저해시켰다. GCA는 0.47, GDW와 GNT가 1.08과 1.34로 검출되었다. 즉 GCA에서는 오염된 미생물 0.26-0.61 log cycle 오염미생물을 억제시킨다. 수분함량 측정의 결과는 GDW 29%, HCA 31%, HNT 32%로 조사되어서 적당한 수분함량을 보유하고 있으나, SGW, GCA, HDW, SCA는 7-15%가 부족하며, SNT 와 GNT는 과메기 표준수분함량 (30%) 보다 10%가 더 많아서 미생물의 오염과 과산화물 증가 및 산패를 더 빨리 초래 한다. CA를 첨가하였을 때 과산화물은 SCA 41, HCA 45, GCA 49 meq로 조사되었으며, 항균성을 첨가하지 않은 시중과메기 (SNT, HNT, GNT)와 비교할 때 과산화물이 12 meq 더 낮게 조사되었다. SEM 관찰에서는 SCA, HCA가 조직표면이 선명하고 과산화물이 낮게 검출되었으며, 반면 항균성을 처리하지 않은 SGRW, HDW는 과산화물이 많으며 조직표면이 불투명하였다. 관능평가에서는 SCA, SGW 등의 순으로 꽁치 과메기 선호도가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 청어, 전어 과메기 순으로 조사되었다.

돔배기(상어육)의 훈연처리에 따른 품질 특성에 관한 연구 (Quality Characteristics of Smoked Dombaeki (Shark Meat))

  • 박효진;박나영;윤광섭;이신호
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2010
  • 훈연 돔배기의 제조조건 설정과 저장 특성을 검토하였다. 돔배기를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24시간 염지액에 침지시킨 후 가열처리하여 관능검사를 실시한 결과 12시간 침지 처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 훈연 돔배기의 제조 조건은 건조 $60^{\circ}C$/30분, 조리 $80^{\circ}C$분, 훈연 $65^{\circ}C$/40분으로 훈연한 처리구가 관능적으로 가장 우수하였다. 포장방법을 달리한 돔매기의 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장 중 휘발성 염기태 질소(VBN) 함량은 비훈연 돔배기를 함기포장 또는 진공포장 한 경우 각각 12일 또는 5주 경과 후 20 mg%이상이었으나 훈연 돔배기는 저장 전기간 동안 25 mg%미만이었다. DPPH free radical 소거능의 변화는, 훈연 돔배기(73.9 %)가 비훈연 돔배기(4.54 %)에 비해 높은 소거능을 나타내었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량 또한 훈연 돔배기가 비훈연 돔배기에 비해 약 4배 정도 높았다. 저장 중 총균수는 비훈연 돔배기는 함기포장, 진공포장구 각각 저장 12일째, 5주째 $10^6\;CFU/g$ 이상이었으며, 훈연 돔배기는 함기포장과 진공포장 모두 저장 전기간 동안 $10^4\;CFU/g$ 이하를 나타내었다. 대장균구수의 변화도 총균수의 변화와 유사하였다. 훈연 돔배기의 기호성은 비훈연 돔배기에 비해 맛, 풍미, 색, 외관, 종합적 기호도에서 유의적으로 우수하였다.

생사의 포합향상에 관한 연구 (Studies on Raw Silk Cohesion for Promotion)

  • 최병희;김병호;원성희
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 1973
  • The purpose of this studies is to improve the cohesion of raw silk through various analyses on cocoon drying, cooking, reeling, re-reeling, and on the properties of water. Also we investigated the correlation between silk testing items which we have reached to the following results. 1. Drying of cocoon When cocoons were slowly dried with 100$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion became much better. On the other hand, the results were considerably decreased in case the temperature with 115$^{\circ}C$. 2. Cooking of cocoon In case of the cooking of cocoon, we found that the result of cohesion was best with incomplete cooking, that of the control was next, while in over cooking, the results were very low. Also the results of cohesion were much better when using the method of over cooking with sericin arrestive agent than that of incomplete cooking with sericin agglutinating agent. 3. Reeling of cocoon A) When the temperature of reeling bath was 25-45$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion test were much better, but at the temperature below 25$^{\circ}C$ or above 45$^{\circ}C$, the results became worse. B) With out the process of croissieur, the results of cohesion were too bad, but in case of croissieur more than 1cm, cohesion became better rapidly. Further more, we understood that the results of cohesion were improving slightly with longer length of croissieur. C) When the velocity of reeling was increased, the results of cohesion also improved. The best results were shown when reeling velocity was 180-220 r.p.m. But when the velocity was increased more than 220 r.p.m., the results of cohesion got worse more or less. D) When the temperature of the drying pipe in reeling machine was raised, the results of cohesion also showed a tendency to improve. 4. Re-reeling A) We could net reach a conclusion as to have correlation between the number of dipping repeat in vacuum tank and the results of cohesion before re-reeling process. B) When we used Seracol 500 as an agglutination protective agent with l/1000 to l/2000 of water, the results of cohesion test were better. C) When we used Pearl-lite as an agglutination protective agent with 1/1000 to 1/2000 of water, the results of cohesion were considerably better. D) We gained tile best results when used Cohesion Improving Chemical, A-80, with 500-1500 times diluted. 1) Results of cohesion was improved when humidity was low or temperature was high in the rereeling machine. 5. Filature water A) The water pH near the isoelectric point of protein showed the best cohesion, but the farther water pH, the worser results were obtained. B) With the increasing of M-alkalinity in filature water, the results of cohesion were worse. Above all, we understood the tendency of the results of cohesion get worse when the M-alkalinity is increased above 200 ppm. C) By increasing the total hardness of the filature water, it improved the results of cohesion. Especially, when the total hardness was above 300ppm, the results were extremely high. 6. Effects combination of each results A) The result of effects combination in filature processes with the obtained best conditions was distinctively improved. But the results could not reach in mathematicaly double effect. When reelied under worse conditions, the results of cohesion test were too bad. There was "effect limit" for the promotion. B) Generally the results of cohesion were bad when the filature conditions(the temperature, pressure and the properties of water, etc) are processed as sericin loss to be high. On the other hand, the results were very good when lower sericin loss was controlled in filature conditions. C) When filature conditions such as reeling velocity and croissieur length provide pysical cohesion ability and when raw silk dry fast during reeling and re-reeling, we found the result of cohesion was better. 7. Correlation of silk testing items. A) A negative correlation exists between the results of cohesion test and cleanness defect. Another word, the result of cohesion test was found to be worse as cleanness defect increased. B) In cleanness, cohesion has negative correlation against the number of slugs, but we could not find any correlation against long loops, loose ends. C) Cohesion has negative correlation against average neatness and low neatness defect. The better the results of neatness respectively, the better the results of cohesion found. D) There is no correlation between tenacity and the results of cohesion test, but there was high positive correlation between the results of elongation and those of cohesion test. The more elongation, the better the results of cohesion was found.

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젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석 (Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC))

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.285-300
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    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus RMK567의 동결건조 컬쳐로 제조한 요구르트에서 GABA 생성력 (GABA Productivity in Yoghurt Fermented by Freeze Dried Culture Preparations of Lactobacillus acidophilus RMK567)

  • 임상동;유성호;양해동;김상기;박승용
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2009
  • GABA 생성 젖산균으로 선발한 Lactobacillus acidophilus RMK567 균주를 멸균한 50 L의 MRS broth가 들어 있는 fermenter에 접종하여 40oC의 발효온도에서 24시간 배양 하였다. L. acidophilus RMK567 생균수는 $10.04{\pm}0.13$ Log CFU/mL이었으며, 이때 5.16시간의 유도기(L)를 거쳐 2.203시간의 세대시간(g)으로 증식하였으며, 생장률상수(k)는 0.454세대/h 이었다. 50 L의 MRS 배양액으로부터 회수한 cell paste의 총 중량은 487 g, 수분함량은 40.5%이었으며, 생균수는 12.48 Log CFU/g 이었다. Cell paste에 glycerol, glucose 및 polydextrose 등의 동결보호제를 첨가하여 $-45^{\circ}C$에서 deep frozen하고 84 mtorr의 진공 하에서 3시간 동결건조하여 총 408 g의 FD cell powder를 생산하였다. FD cell powder에 Streptococcus thermophilus를 혼합한 FD starter cultures의 수분함량은 4.25%, 3.90%, 및 4.08%이었으며, 생균수는 각각 12.42(FDA-GY), 12.60(FDB-GG)과 12.91(FDC-GP) Log CFU/g이었다. 모든 FD starter cultures는 $-18^{\circ}C$ 저장 초기부터 급속히 사멸하여 3.24% 이하의 생존률을 보였다. 각 동결보호제 처리구 간의 생균수 차이는 유의성을 보이지 않았으나, 저장기간에 따른 유의성은 p<0.01 수준에서 관찰되었다. 원유를 기초로 하는 요구르트 조제액에 MSG의 농도를 0.02%, 0.04% 및 0.05%을 첨가하고, FD starter culture로 배양한 요구르트의 GABA 함량은 각각 $155.16{\pm}8.53$ ppm, $243.82{\pm}4.27$ ppm 및 $198.64{\pm}23.46$ ppm 이었다. 이 결과는 L. acidophilus RMK567의 FD starter culture가 동결건조 공정에 의하여 GABA 생성력이 감소하지 않았으며, GABA 함량이 높은 요구르트 제조에 유용하다는 사실을 보여주는 것이었다.

Studies on new antibiotics in Korea IV

  • Shim Je-Seop;Oh You-Jin;Yun Jeong-Ku;Han Seong-Soon
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 1980
  • 본시험은 한국산항생물질 또는 항생균의 개발이용을 목적으로 한 기초연구로서 주로 전년도의 계속연구와 아울러 토양시료로부터 새로히 항생세균을 분리하였다. 청주부근의 토양시료 500점으로부터 83점의 항생균을 분리하였으며 이들은 주로 gram음성균인 Escherichia coli에 유효한 것을 선별하였다. 이들에 대한 연구는 앞으로 계속할 것이며 수년간 계속 연구중인 우수항생균 JS7501은 그동안 수차에 걸쳐 재선별하였기 때문에 JS901로 개칭하여 본시험에 공시하였으며 항균작용법 위도 재확인하였으며 주로 추출을 목적으로 용매추출, 흡착, TLC, 이온교환 수지 등을 총동원하였으나 TLC에 의하여 활성이 확인된 4 spot를 분리할 수 있었다. JS7901의 배양배지로서는 Soytone Sugar배지가 가장 높은 항균력을 보였으며 Soytone보다는 Sugar가 활성물질 증가와 관계가 있었다.

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부여 백제시대 목제품의 재질분석과 보존 (Analysis and Conservation of Wooden Objects from Buyeo Era of the Baekje Period)

  • 김수철;오정애;남궁승;이광희
    • 박물관보존과학
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    • 제10권
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    • pp.43-61
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    • 2009
  • 국립부여박물관에서 의뢰받은 백제시대 유적인 능산리, 쌍북리, 궁남지에서 출토된 목제품의 보존처리를 실시하였다. 보존처리에 앞서 사전 조사로 수종분석을 실시한 결과 소나무류, 삼나무, 느티나무, 상수리나무류, 굴피나무속, 밤나무속, 비자나무속, 주목, 버드나무류 등 다양한 종으로 식별되었다. 특히, 일본 고유의 수종인 삼나무의 유물이 수종 중 높은 점유율을 차지하고 있어 그 당시 일본과의 교류가 활발했던 것으로 보인다. 목제품 중 6점의 칠기에 대한 칠도막 분석결과 유물에 따라 다양한 칠도막을 관찰할 수 있었으며 대부분은 100㎛가 넘는 두께이었다. 갈색의 순수한 칠과 흑색안료를 혼합한 흑색 칠을 사용하였다. 또한, 칠기목제편의 적외선 분광분석 결과 정제칠의 스펙트럼과 비교했을 때 비슷한 흡수대를 가져 옻칠임을 확인할 수 있었다. 보존처리는 고분자량의 PEG#3,350수용액(10% → 50%까지)에 함침처리하여 물리적 강도를 부여한 후 진공동결건조를 실시하였다.

PREDICTION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEEF BY NEAR INFRARED TRANSMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

  • Olivan, Mamen;Delaroza, Begona;Mocha, Mercedes;Martinez, Maria Jesus
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1256-1256
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    • 2001
  • The physico-chemical and texture characteristics of meat determine the nutritional, technological and sensory quality. However, the analysis of meat quality requires expensive, laborious and time consuming analytical methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate NIR spectroscopy using transmittance for determining the moisture, fat, protein and total pigment content, the water holding capacity (WHC) and the toughness of beef meat. A total of 318 spectra were recorded from ground beef samples by a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. The samples were obtained from the Longissimus muscle of the 10$^{th}$ rib of yearling bulls, ground with an electrical chopper, vacuum packaged, aged during 7 days and frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ until the analyses were done. Moisture content was measured by oven drying at 10$0^{\circ}C$, fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction and protein content was estimated from nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl analysis. The total pigment content was determined by the method of Hornsey and the WHC using the method of filter paper press. The instrumental evaluation of texture (maximum load WB, maximum stress MS and toughness) was conducted in an Instron equipment with a Warner-Bratzler shearing device. This analysis was performed on a chop of 3.5 cm obtained from the longissimus of the 8$^{th}$ rib, aged during 7 days, kept frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ and cooked before the analysis. Near infrared spectra were recorded as log 1/T (T=transmittance) at 2 nm intervals from 850 to 1050 nm using a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. Calibrations were performed with the WinISI software (vs. 1.02) using the MPLS method. To examine the effect of scatter correction o. derivation of spectra on the calibration performance, calibrations were calculated with the crude spectra or pretreated with different mathematical treatments (inverse MSC, SNVD) and/or second derivative operation. For chemical composition, the use of the scatter corrections improved the calibration statistics, in terms of lower SECV and higher $r^2$. In most of the variables, the use of the 2$^{nd}$ derivative improved the predictions, mainly when combined with the SNVD treatment. However, for predicting the texture traits, the best estimation was obtained from the crude spectrum. These results showed that the equations obtained for predicting moisture, fat and total pigments were very accurate, with $r^2$ being higher that 0.9. However, the prediction of the texture traits (WB, MS, toughness) from ground meat was poor.

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압연공정을 이용한 금속 정밀여과막의 제조 및 여과특성 (Manufacturing and Filtration Performance of Microfiltration Metal Membrane Using Rolling Process)

  • 김종오;민석홍;정종태
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 압연공정을 이용하여 금속망 만을 사용하여 금속막을 제조하는 과정과 금속망과 금속분말을 사용하여 금속막을 제조하는 과정에 대해 연구했다. 금속망 압연과정에서 선택된 금속망은 각각 10%, 20% 그리고 30%의 감소율로 압연했다. 이 압연공정은 망 wire의 지름을 변화시키거나 망의 단면적의 감소를 통해 망의 공경 크기를 감소시킨다. 압연된 금속망의 여과율은 압연시키지 않은 금속망의 여과율과 거의 동일한 여과율을 보였으며 금속막의 공경크기 분포 또한 더 균일했다. 금속망 위에 금속분말 층을 제조하는데 있어 분말 접합제로서 PVA를 사용하였으며 1시간 동안 $100^{\circ}C$에서 금속분말 층을 건조시키고 진공에서 3시간 동안 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 소결시키는 방법이 높은 공경 밀도와 균열이 없는 금속망 위에 금속분말 층을 형성하는 최적 조건이었다. 소결 전 30%감소율을 가지는 금속망에 대해 금속분말 층 형성에 압연공정을 적용할 경우 여과율이 약 $0.7{\mu}m$인 금속막이 성공적으로 제조되었다.