• 제목/요약/키워드: Vaccines

검색결과 804건 처리시간 0.027초

수학적 모델을 이용한 신종인플루엔자 환자 예측 및 대응 전략 평가 (Mathematical Modeling of the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus and Evaluation of the Epidemic Response Strategies in the Republic of Korea)

  • 서민아;이지현;지혜진;김영근;강대용;허남욱;하경화;이동한;김창수
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: The pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has required decision-makers to act in the face of the substantial uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the potential impact of the pandemic response strategies in the Republic of Korea using a mathematical model. Methods: We developed a deterministic model of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a structured population using the demographic data from the Korean population and the epidemiological feature of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. To estimate the parameter values for the deterministic model, we used the available data from the previous studies on pandemic influenza. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus such as school closure, mass vaccination (70% of population in 30 days), and a policy for anti-viral drug (treatment or prophylaxis) were applied to the deterministic model. Results: The effect of two-week school closure on the attack rate was low regardless of the timing of the intervention. The earlier vaccination showed the effect of greater delays in reaching the peak of outbreaks. When it was no vaccination, vaccination at initiation of outbreak, vaccination 90 days after the initiation of outbreak and vaccination at the epidemic peak point, the total number of clinical cases for 400 days were 20.8 million, 4.4 million, 4.7 million and 12.6 million, respectively. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea delayed the peak of outbreaks (about 40 days) and decreased the number of cumulative clinical cases (8 million). Conclusions: Rapid vaccination was the most important factor to control the spread of pandemic influenza, and the response strategies of the Republic of Korea were shown to delay the spread of pandemic influenza in this deterministic model.

Biological Parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Fed on Rabbits, Sheep, and Cattle

  • Ma, Miling;Chen, Ze;Liu, Aihong;Ren, Qiaoyun;Liu, Junlong;Liu, Zhijie;Li, Youquan;Yin, Hong;Guan, Guiquan;Luo, Jianxun
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제54권3호
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    • pp.301-305
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    • 2016
  • In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (Tan), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infesting ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), followed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.

로타바이러스 백신 도입 후 로타바이러스 위장관염의 추이: 일개 3차 병원의 후향적 연구 (The Changes in the Outbreak of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children after Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Hospital)

  • 박동규;정주영
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 2014
  • 목적: 최근 로타바이러스 백신의 효과 및 안정성에 대한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 전세계적으로 접종이 시행이 되고 있다. 국내에도 로타바이러스 백신 도입 후 5년이 경과되었지만 백신효과에 대한 국내 자료가 매우 드문 실정이다. 로타바이러스 백신 도입을 전후하여 급성위장관염 및 로타바이러스 위장관염 환자의 발생 추이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005-2006년, 2011-2012년의 인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과 실입원환자수를 조사하였으며 같은 기간동안 급성위장관염으로 진단되어 인제대학교 상계백병원에 입원한 5세 미만 소아환자 2,840명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 2005-2006년을 백신 도입 이전, 2011-2012년을 백신 도입 이후로 분류하여 5세 미만 소아 연령에서 급성위장관염 환자와 대변 로타항원 검사 결과로 확인된 로타바이러스 급성위장관염 환자의 입원 양상의 변화를 파악하였다. 결과: 로타바이러스 백신 도입 이전군(2005-2006년)에 비해 이후군(2011-2012년)에서 급성위장관염으로 입원한 5세 미만 환자는 생후 2개월 미만 군을 제외한 모든 월령군에서 유의한 환자수의 감소를 보였다. 로타바이러스 급성위장관염 환자는 생후 2개월 미만 군과 생후 2-5개월 월령군을 제외한 월령군에서 유의한 환자수의 감소를 보였다. 결론: 로타바이러스 백신이 국내에 도입된 이후에 도입 이전에 비해 생후 6-59개월군의 급성위장관염 입원 환자에서 로타바이러스 위장관염이 감소하였다. 향후에도 로타바이러스 백신의 효과 및 안정성에 대한 지속적인 관심과 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

부루세라백신(RB51)의 안전성에 관한 연구 I. Brucella abortus RB51 백신균주의 생화학적 및 유전학적 성상비교 (Studies on the safety of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine I. Comparison of the biochemical and genetic characteristics of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine strains)

  • 김종만;우승룡;이지연;정석찬;강승원;김종염;윤용덕;조상래;유한상
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.533-541
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    • 2000
  • Biochemical and genetic analysis were carried out to investigate the potential recovery of pathogenecity or related mutations of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine strains. RB51 strains were recovered from commercial vaccines, including related seed stocks from private companies in Republic of Korea, strain from USA, a reference strain from C university and a field isolate (Daehungjin) from aborted dairy cow after RB51 vaccination were compared with two identified virulent wild strains (S2308 and a field strain isolated from dairy cow in Korea) at the same conditions. All the strains examined, except identified pathogenic strains, revealed the identical characteristics to the original RB51 in biochemical properties, antigen and bacteriophage typing. Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles from strains of RB51 showed the same patterns with standard RB51 in SDS-PAGE. In addition, Western blotting with the brucella specific monoclonal antibody also indicated that all the vaccine strains were completely deficient in their LPS compared to the pathogenic Br abortus strains. The differences in DNA structures among strains were also possible to detect after PCR. All vaccine strains, except S19, S1119-3, S1075, S544 and Br suis, were amplified a 178bp DNA fragment of eri-gene, and 364bp of IS711 elements. In contrast, 498bp DNA product was only found with Br abortus. Overall evidences in the present study confirmed that the RB51 strains for vaccine production in Korea did not originated from the phenomena of possible recovery of pathogenicity or related to any potential mutation event at all.

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Antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination in children with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis

  • Baek, Ji Hyeon;Seo, Hyun Kyong;Jee, Hye Mi;Shin, Youn Ho;Han, Man Yong;Oh, Eun Sang;Lee, Hyun Ju;Kim, Kyung Hyo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제56권7호
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    • pp.286-290
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Although chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis is prevalent in children, little is known about its causes. Here, we investigated the humoral immunity in children with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis. Methods: We examined 16 children attending the outpatient clinic at the CHA Bundang Medical Center including 11 boys and 5 girls, aged 3-11 years (mean age, 5.6 years), who had rhinosinusitis for >3 months or >3 times per year. The complete blood count with differential and total serum concentrations of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgA, IgD, IgM, IgG, and IgG subclasses ($IgG_1$, $IgG_2$, $IgG_3$, and $IgG_4$) of all children were measured. All subjects received 23-polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination (PPV), and the levels of antibodies to 5 serologic types (4, 6B, 14, 18C, and 23F) of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens were measured before and after vaccination. Post-PPV antibody titers ${\geq}0.35{\mu}g/mL$ or with a ${\geq}4$-fold increase were considered as positive responses. Results: The titers of IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgM were within normal range in all 16 children, whereas the total IgE concentration was higher than normal in 2 children. $IgG_1$ deficiency was observed in 1 patient and $IgG_3$ deficiency in 3. After PPV, 1 patient failed to respond to all 5 serologic types, 2 failed to respond to 4 serologic types, and 2 failed to respond to 3 serologic types. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the evaluation of humoral immune functions in children with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis who do not respond to prolonged antibiotic treatment.

세균성 질병 예방을 위한 식물 경구 백신 연구 동향 (Recent Studies on the Edible Plant Vaccine for Prophylactic Medicine against Microorganism-Mediated Diseases)

  • 한범수;정영재;노경희;박종석;조강진;김용환;김종범
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.233-241
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    • 2005
  • Plants have considerable advantages for the production of antigenic proteins because they provide an inexpensive source of protein and an easy administration of vaccine. Since a publication describing edible plant vaccine of HBsAg in 1992, a number of laboratories around the world have studied the use of plants as the bioreactor to produce antigenic proteins of human or animal pathogens. Over the last ten years, these works have been mainly focused on three major strategies for the production of antigenic proteins in plants: stable genetic transformation of either the nuclear or plastid genome, or transient expression in plants using viral vectors. As many antigenic proteins have been expressed in tobacco, also several laboratories have succeeded to express genes encoding antigenic proteins in other crop plants: potato, tomato, maize, carrot, soybean and spinach. At present many works for the production of edible plant vaccine against bacteria-mediated diseases have mostly performed the studies of enterotoxins and adhesion proteins. Also the development of new-type antigens (pili, flagella, surface protein, other enterotoxin and exotoxin etc.) is required for various targets and more efficacy to immunize against microorganism pathogens. Many works mostly studied in experimental animals had good results, and phase I clinical trial of LTB clearly indicated its immunogenic ability. On the other hand, edible plant vaccines have still problems remained to be solved. In addition to the accumulation of sufficient antigen in plants, human health, environment and agriculture regulation should be proven. Also oral tolerance, the physiological response to food antigens and commensal flora is the induction of a state of specific immunological unresponsiveness, needs to be addressed before plant-derived vaccine becomes a therapeutic option.

다중구슬 폐구균 혈청형 분석법의 국내 확립과 적용 연구 (Establishment and Application of a Multibead Serotyping Assay for Pneumococci in Korea)

  • 김한울;이소영;이미애;김경효
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2015
  • 목적: 폐구균의 혈청형 분석은 백신의 효능을 평가하고 감시하는데 매우 중요하다. 그러나 폐구균의 혈청형 분석이 힘들기 때문에 최근 라텍스 구슬과 흐름세포측정기를 이용한 다중구슬 혈청형 분석법이 소개되었다. 이 연구에서는 새로운 혈청형 분석법을 이화백신연구센터에서 구축하고 실제 임상 검체들에 적용해보았다. 방법: 라텍스 구슬 3종과 폐구균 피막다당 특이 단클론항체 1가지, 시동체 2종을 Univerisity of Alabama at Birmingham에서 제공 받았다. 이 시료들을 이용하여 단클론항체와 wzy 다중 PCR을 이용한 다중구슬 혈청형 분석법을 확립하였다. 그리고 75개의 혈청형이 알려져 있는 검체를 이용하여 이화백신효능연구센터에 확립된 다중구슬 혈청형 분석법의 정확도를 보았고 이를 토대로 528개의 임상 검체를 분석해 보았다. 결과: 다중구슬 혈청형 분석법은 이화백신효능연구센터에 안정적으로 확립되었다. 75종의 이미 혈청형이 알려져 있는 검체를 암호화하여 분석한 결과 전부 일치하여 정확도가 높음을 보여 주었고 실제 임상 검체에도 적용한 결과 94.3% (498/528)에서 혈청형을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 다중구슬 분석법은 다수의 혈청형을 쉽고 빠르게 한번에 많은 수의 검체를 확인할 수 있는 객관적인 검사 방법으로 향후 임상적 진단과 역학연구 등의 폐구균의 혈청형 분석에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Taurine-FTM의 근육 주사가 넙치의 간 독성 완화와 선천성 면역에 미치는 효과 (Effects of intramuscular injection of Taurine-FTM on anti-hepatotoxicity and innate immunity in olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus)

  • 최재혁;정상목;강인성;최상훈
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 2020
  • In the study, we investigated the effect of Taurine-FTM, which is a commercially available fishery nutritional supplements complex, on anti-hepatotoxicity stressed with thioacetamide (TAA) and innate immune responses in olive flounder. To investigate the change in liver toxicity, firstly, TAA (30 ppm/100 g of fish) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 12 hr after the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Taurine-FTM (0.02 ml/100 g of fish)(Taurine/TAA). Secondly, Taurine-FTM was i.m. injected 24 hr after the administration of TAA (TAA/Taurine). Finally, TAA was administered simultaneously with Taurine-FTM (TAA+Taurine). All blood samples were collected 24 hr after injection. GOT level in group Taurine/TAA appeared similar to the control, whereas group TAA/Taurine and TAA+Taurine showed significantly increased (p<0.05) levels compared to the control. In GPT level, group Taurine/TAA and TAA/Taurine showed elevated levels compared to the control, whereas no significant difference was observed between group TAA+Taurine and the control. Serum ACH50 activity was significantly (p<0.05) augmented 24 hr after Taurine-FTM injection compared to the control group, whereas no significant increase was observed 48 hr after Taurine-FTM injection. On the other hand, serum lysozyme activity elevated in an acute stressed condition appeared significantly down-regulated 24 and 48 hr after Taurine-FTM injection compared to the control. In conclusion, i.m. injected Taurine-FTM augmented flounder serum complement activity and decreased a possible handling stress resulting in reducing a serum lysozyme activity and recovering hepatotoxicity. Thus, it is assumed that i.m. injection of Taurine-FTM mixed with antibiotics or available vaccines could be utilized as an anti-hepatotoxic recipe in fish culture industry.

MethA Fibrosarcoma Cells Expressing Membrane-Bound Forms of IL-2 Enhance Antitumor Immunity

  • Sonn, Chung-Hee;Yoon, Hee-Ryung;Seong, In-Ock;Chang, Mi-Ra;Kim, Yong-Chan;Kang, Han-Chul;Suh, Seok-Cheol;Kim, Young-Sang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권12호
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    • pp.1919-1927
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    • 2006
  • Tumor cells genetically engineered to secrete cytokines are effective in tumor therapy, but various unexpected side effects are observed, which may result from the bulk activation of various bystander cells. In this study, we tested tumor vaccines expressing various membrane-bound forms of IL-2 (mbIL-2) on MethA fibrosarcoma cells to focus antitumor immune responses to CTL. Chimeric forms of IL-2 with whole CD4, deletion forms of CD4, and TNF were expressed on the tumor cell surface, respectively. Tumor clones expressing mbIL-2 or secretory form of IL-2 were able to support the cell growth of CTLL-2, an IL-2-dependent T cell line, and the proliferation of spleen cells from 2C TCR transgenic mice that are responsive to the $p2Ca/L^d$ MHC class I complex. Expression of mbIL-2 on tumor cells reduced the tumorigenicity of tumor cells, and the mice that once rejected the live IL-2/TNF tumor clone acquired systemic immunity against wild-type MethA cells. The IL-2/TNF clone was inferior to other clones in tumor formation, and superior in the stimulation of the CD8+ T cell population in vitro. These results suggest that the IL-2/TNF clone is the best tumor vaccine, and may stimulate CD8+ T cells by direct priming. Expression of IL-2/TNF on tumor cells may serve as an effective gene therapy method to ameliorate the side effects encountered in the recombinant cytokine therapy and the conventional cytokine gene therapy using the secretory form of IL-2.

Simple, Rapid and Sensitive Portable Molecular Diagnosis of SFTS Virus Using Reverse Transcriptional Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP)

  • Baek, Yun Hee;Cheon, Hyo-Soon;Park, Su-Jin;Lloren, Khristine Kaith S.;Ahn, Su Jeong;Jeong, Ju Hwan;Choi, Won-Suk;Yu, Min-Ah;Kwon, Hyeok-il;Kwon, Jin-Jung;Kim, Eun-Ha;Kim, Young-il;Antigua, Khristine Joy C.;Kim, Seok-Yong;Jeong, Hye Won;Choi, Young Ki;Song, Min-Suk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권11호
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    • pp.1928-1936
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    • 2018
  • Recently, human infections caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), which can lead to fatality, have dramatically increased in East Asia. With the unavailability of vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent and/or treat SFTSV infection, early rapid diagnosis is critical for prevention and control of the disease. Here, we report the development of a simple, rapid and sensitive portable detection method for SFTSV infection applying reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) combined with one-pot colorimetric visualization and electro-free reaction platform. This method utilizes a pocket warmer to facilitate diagnosis in a resource-limited setting. Specific primers were designed to target the highly-conserved region of L gene of SFTSV. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was approximately $10^0$ viral genome copies from three different SFTSV strains. This assay exhibited comparable sensitivity to qRT-PCR and 10-fold more sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR, with a rapid detection time of 30 to 60 minutes. The RT-LAMP assay using SFTSV clinical specimens has demonstrated a similar detection rate to qRT-PCR and a higher detection rate compared to conventional RT-PCR. Moreover, there was no observed cross-reactive amplification of other human infectious viruses including Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue, Enterovirus, Zika, Influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This highly sensitive, electro- and equipment-free rapid colorimetric visualization method is feasible for resource-limited SFTSV field diagnosis.