• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2017

When VTSOs (Vessel Traffic Service Operator) determine the degree of collision risk for two vessels, they consider comprehensive information about each vessel's course, speed, DCPA, TCPA, and encountering situation. In this study, we proposed a utility function based on the risk attitudes of VTSOs toward the Risk Index (RI). The RI was calculated using the risk of encounter, the risk of approach, and the risk of time for two vessels in order to predict each ship's collision risk from the VTS viewpoint. We obtained each coefficient of the RI and the risk attitude through a survey of collision risks among VTSOs of Korea. In order to verify whether the proposed utility is reasonable, we validated by applying the degree of collision risk to some historical cases of accidents in Busan port along with the Ship of ES value($ES_S$) of ES(Environmental Stress) model.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2013

Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is being used at ports and in coastal areas of the world for preventing accidents and improving efficiency of the vessels at sea on the basis of "IMO RESOLUTION A.857 (20) on Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services". Currently, VTS plays an important role in the prevention of maritime accidents, as ships are required to participate in the system. Ships are diversified and traffic situations in ports and coastal areas have become more complicated than before. The role of VTS operator (VTSO) has been enlarged because of these reasons, and VTSO is required to be clearly aware of maritime situations and take decisions in emergency situations. In this paper, we propose a prediction table to improve the work of VTSO through the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), which analyzes the VTS work very systematically. The required data were collected through interviews and observations of 14 VTSOs. The prediction tool supports decision-making in terms of a proactive measure for the prevention of maritime accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.556-558
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• 2012

해상교통관제사(VTSO; Vessel Traffic Service Operator)는 IMO RESOLUTION A.857(20) on Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services와 IALA Recommendation V-103 on the Standards for Training and Certification of VTS Personnel에 의거 업무 수행에 있어 훈련되고 검증된 능력을 주기적으로 검증받고 만족스러운 수준을 유지할 수 있도록 갱신해야 한다. 또한, IMO Nav. 56th session Agenda item 8 Development of an E-navigation strategy implementation plan에 E-navigation 이행 전략 및 개발 프로그램에 의하면 육상에서 지원/제공해야 할 해양안전정보의 중요성이 대두되고 있으며, 향후 해상교통관제의 역할이 증대될 것으로 기대된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 VTS Hardware에 집중된 관심과 초점이 인적 요소에 모아져야 함을 강조하면서, 해상교통관제 운영자의 자질 강화에 중점을 둔 교육 훈련프로그램 개발 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

This paper describes the application method of bumper area defined in the ship domain theory and it is to identify risky sectors in VTS(Vessel Traffic Services) area. The final goal of this work is to develop early warning system providing the location information with high traffic risks in Mokpo VTS area and to prevent the human errors of VTS Officer(VTSO). The current goal of this paper is to find evaluation and detection method of risky sectors. The ratio between overlapped bumper area of each vessels and the summing area of a designated sector, Ratio to Evaluate Risk(RER) ${\gamma}$ is used as one of evaluation and detection parameter. The usability of overlapped bumper area is testified through three kinds of scenarios for various traffic situations. The marine traffic data used in the experiments is collected by AIS(Automatic Identification System) receiver and then compiled in the SQL(Structured Query Language) Server. Through the analysis of passing vessel's tracks within the boundary of Mokpo VTS area, the total of 11 sectors are identified as evaluation unit sector. As experiment results from risk evaluation for the 11 sectors, it is clearly known that the proposed method with RER ${\gamma}$ can provide the location information of high risky sectors which are need to keep traffic tracks of vessel movements and to maintain traffic monitoring by VTSO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.132-134
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• 2011

In Communications are intended elicit respondses through a conversation or communication styles between speaker and audience. VTSO and the ship operator's intent to communicate well with each other thus leading to the conclusion that must be accomplished It should be completed with MRC which is a poor means to understand and persuasive manner, and conclusions expressed are easily able to derive strategic communication skills. Forever, but these expression and technic can not force where the operator deciding factor in the law frame should not spiral out of the border. VTSO communication skills should be taken into such factors would be high level technic. Now here's I'd like to study that occured in the maritime communications field to be studied deeper issues and a category of expression technic, expression for the VTSO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2015

VTSO make a decision which one will be danger and what to expect ship's actions due to each encountering situation with CPA(Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA(Time to Closest Point of Approach) by monitoring ship's vectors(Course & Speeds) in real-time through the VTS system. This study is the fundamental research for developing algorithm and system that does not decide the collision risk in one's own ship's viewpoints, but it identifies the related ships into danger through the third party(VTS ) in real time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.569-576
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• 2008

By the development of international trade in last decades, Korean International Trade has been grown rapidly and Korean Port and Port facilities have been improved stimultaneously: finally volume of the marine traffic increased rapidly. Presently, 15 VTS centers have serving in Korean waters and since the introduction of the first VIS Center in Korea there is no quantitative analysis to find workload of VIS operator. After that Port-MIS and De-brief data have been gathered for 7 days and inbound-outbound vessels time-g/t table prepared and traffic volume examined for each V1S center. Hence $L^2$ conversion traffic volume and dangerous vessel ratio obtained Later on conversion controlled number obtained by denoting ratio 1.0 to directly controlled vessels by VTSO and denoting ratio 0.3 to indirectly controlled vessels by VTSO. Traffic volume, large vessel ratio, dangerous vessel ratio, dimension of VTS controlled area, marine accident occurrence frequency and communication volume of comm. log can be counted as a factor which influence to workload of VTSO. All those factors have been examined and analyzed. Finally, ship's size and dangerous vessel ratio have been chosen to derive the Number of composite conversion control for workload formula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.379-381
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• 2013

상황에 따라 사회적 구조가 바뀌는 것은 우리 사회가 역동성을 띠고 있다고 할 수 있다. 어떤 조직이나 마찬가지이지만 상호 소통하기 위해 커뮤니케이션의 중요성은 막대하다. 이러한 커뮤니케이션의 중요성은 VTS에서도 찾아볼 수 있는데, 상황을 마인드 모델에 적용시켜 VTS가 가지는 특수한 상황을 분석하고, 심리적으로 적용하여 VTSO와 user와의 관계에 좀 더 신뢰를 쌓을 수 있는 방안을 모색해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.20-23
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• 2015

In ports of Korea, the marine traffic flow is congested due to a large number of vessels coming in and going out. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of these vessels, South Korea is operating with a Vessel Traffic System, which is monitoring its waters 24-7. However despite these efforts of the VTS (Vessel Traffic System) officers, marine accidents are occurring in their assigned districts. VTS Officers are controlling subjectively based on their experience due to no VTS guideline. On this paper, we listened to Busan VHF channel for 3days and applied to collision risk model. With collision risk model, We deducted a moment which advise or recommend to vessel in encounter situation, VTSO's career, day&night.. We suggested a collision risk value as guide line of VTSO's control time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.129-131
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• 2012

해상교통관제(VTS; Vessel Traffic Service)는 IMO RESOLUTION A.857(20) on Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services와 해사안전법 제36조, 개항질서법 제28조에 의거 해상운송에서의 위험을 감소하고 해상교통질서확립과 안전확보를 위하여 전세계 주요 항만 및 수역에서 이용되고 있다. 특히 최근 E-navigation 이행 전략 및 개발 프로그램에 의해 육상에서 지원, 제공해야 할 해사안전정보의 중요성이 대두되면서 그 역할 및 중요성을 인정받고 있다. 이에 E-navigation 프로세스 DFD 아키텍쳐와 VTS 업무 프로세스를 비교하고 VTSO의 역할과 VTS 업무의 올바른 분석을 통해 INS, NAS, TOS의 실현을 위한 효과적인 업무프로세스를 찾고 시스템 설계자의 관점에서 개선사항 및 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.