• 한국측량학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1998

이 논문에서는 한국경위도원점의 실용성과 및 VLBI 관측점과의 연결에 의한 국제지구기준좌표계94(ITRF94)성과의 결정과정을 설명하고 있으며 이를 이용한 원점변환요소를 도출하고 있다. 또한 실용성과와 31점으로 구성된 지구중심좌표계 KTRF94 성과간의 국가변환요소를 가중변수법을 이용하여 산정하고 결과를 제시하였다. 이 변환요소에 대한 특성을 분석한 결과, 앞으로 KTRF성과를 사용한다면 기선해석의 초기좌표 계산이나 지구중심좌표계의 3차원 성과산정에 활용될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2008

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 VLBI상관서브시스템(VLBI Correlation Subsystem, VCS)의 상관블록 TCP/IP 출력데이터의 무결성 검사를 위한 소프트웨어의 개발과 상관출력 데이터의 손실을 방지하기 위한 성능개선 방법에 대해 기술한다. VCS의 상관결과는 TCP/IP 패킷 통신으로 데이터아카이브(Data Archive)에 저장된다. 본 논문에서는 데이터아카이브에 저장된 상관결과의 무결성을 확인하기 위해 VCS의 TCP/IP 패킷 정보를 이용한 무결성 검사 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 개발한 소프트웨어를 이용하여 3단계의 무결성 검사 과정을 제안하고, 상관처리 실험을 통하여 제안방법의 유효성을 확인하였다. 또한 VCS와 데이터아카이브 사이에는 최소 적분시간 이내에 TCP/IP 패킷 통신이 완료되어야 하지만, 짧은 적분시간에 다량의 패킷과 대용량 데이터로 인해 패킷 손실이 발생할 뿐만 아니라 상관결과의 무결성 문제에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 논문에서는 TCP/IP 패킷 손실의 원인을 분석하고 VCS의 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) 설계에 대한 수정방법을 제시하여 상관결과의 무결성 문제를 해결하고자 한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2016

In mm-VLBI, the quality of observation data is largely affected by atmospheric effect. The most challenging matter is that the phase of correlator output fluctuates rapidly resulting from a variation of atmospheric propagation delay. Consequently, it is demanding to achieve high Signal-to-Noise ratio by integrating data in time domain before calibrating atmospheric delay. However, Korean VLBI Network (KVN) has a unique system to make a 4-frequency (22/43/86/129 GHz) simultaneous observation in mm-wavelength and Frequency Phase Transfer (FPT) calibration technique has effectively removed atmospheric delay in the simultaneous multi-frequency observation of the KVN. For astrometric and astrophysical studies, we evaluated the FPT performance of KVN in various observing conditions. Using the total 38 bright AGNs, we have compared atmospheric conditions such as ground-based weather information, system temperature, atmospheric delay with the calibration results of FPT at 22/43/86/129 GHz during the five experiments in 2013, and quantified its performance in terms of coherence function and Allan variance. We present the analysis result of the relation between the FPT performance and observing conditions.

• 천문학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

We report the development of a semi-VLBI observation system operating at 21 cm and present the measurement of visibility function toward the sun using this system. The system consists of two 2.3 meter antennas with a maximum separation of 35 meter, a conventional high speed data acquisition system, and a set of programs for software correlation. Since two local oscillators of receiver modules are independent, data had to be fringe-fitted to yield the visibility amplitude. It is found that the visibility amplitude decreases and then bounces back as baseline increases. We confirm that solar disk with brighter limb best explains the measured visibility amplitude.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new re-quantization method after FFT processing to prevent the distortion of correlation result of VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem). The re-quantization is used to rearrange the data bit so as to reduce the data rate processed as 16-bit of FFT result of VCS. Having done this procedure, we found that the distorted spectrum of correlation result occurred in the delay tracking experiments by the re-quantization method introduced for initial design of VCS. In order to solve this, two kinds of re-quantization method, that is, the comparison and selection-type, are proposed. The first is to re-quantize the FFT result as a valid-bit by comparing with the input data after determining the adequate threshold. The second is manually to select the valid-bit of FFT result after finding the valid-field of data according to the bit-distribution of input data. We confirmed that the second is more effective compared with the first through the experimental result, and it will be implemented without so much modification of applied method in the condition of the limited resource of FPGA. The re-quantization is, however, carried out with 4-bit in the proposed second method for FFT result, and then the distortion of correlation result is also appeared. To fix this problem, the bit for re-quantization is extended to 8-bit. The proposed 8-bit selection-type is effectively verified so that the distortion of correlation result disappeared by applying to VCS in consequence of the simulation and correlation experiments.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2015

We report results of investigation of amplitude calibration for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with Korean VLBI Network (KVN). Amplitude correction factors are estimated based on comparison of KVN observations at 22 GHz correlated by Daejeon hardware correlator and DiFX software correlator in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) with Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 22 GHz by DiFX software correlator in National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). We used the observations for compact radio sources, 3C 454.3, NRAO 512, OJ 287, BL Lac, 3C 279, 1633+382, and 1510–089, which are almost unresolved for baselines in a range of 350-477 km. Visibility data of the sources obtained with similar baselines at KVN and VLBA are selected, fringe-fitted, calibrated, and compared for their amplitudes. We find that visibility amplitudes of KVN observations should be corrected by factors of 1.10 and 1.35 when correlated by DiFX and Daejeon correlators, respectively. These correction factors are attributed to the combination of two steps of 2-bit quantization in KVN observing systems and characteristics of Daejeon correlator.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1045-1054
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 불안정한 네트워크 환경에서 안정적으로 대용량 데이터 스트림을 전송할 수 있는 TCP/IP 기반 링 버퍼 시스템을 설계하였다. 우리가 제안한 방식에서 각 전파천문대의 백엔드 시스템으로부터 UDP 프레임으로 생성 및 출력되는 관측 데이터 스트림은 클라이언트 시스템 내의 소켓 버퍼를 경유해 대용량 링 버퍼에 UDP 패킷으로 저장된다. 이후 목적지에 해당하는 상관센터로의 안정적인 전송을 위해 해당 패킷은 TCP로 전송되고 상관센터 내의 서버 시스템은 소켓 버퍼에 수신된 패킷에 이상이 없으면 대용량 링 버퍼에 저장한다. 패킷 손실, 중복 및 순서 역전 등의 이상이 발생할 경우 TCP의 흐름 제어를 통해 패킷은 재전송되며 상관센터에 도착한 데이터는 신뢰성을 보장받게 된다. 또한 네트워크 성능 불안정으로 인한 혼잡 회피 발생 시 병렬 스트림 적용을 통해 성능 저하가 최소화될 수 있도록 하였다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2015

We report results of the performance evaluation of a new hardware correlator in Korea, the Daejeon correlator, developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). We conduct Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at 22 GHz with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) in Korea and the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) in Japan, and correlated the aquired data with the Daejeon correlator. For evaluating the performance of the new hardware correlator, we compare the correlation outputs from the Daejeon correlator for KVN observations with those from a software correlator, the Distributed FX (DiFX). We investigate the correlated flux densities and brightness distributions of extragalactic compact radio sources. The comparison of the two correlator outputs shows that they are consistent with each other within < 8%, which is comparable with the amplitude calibration uncertainties of KVN observations at 22 GHz. We also find that the 8% difference in flux density is caused mainly by (a) the difference in the way of fringe phase tracking between the DiFX software correlator and the Daejeon hardware correlator, and (b) an unusual pattern (a double-layer pattern) of the amplitude correlation output from the Daejeon correlator. The visibility amplitude loss by the double-layer pattern is as small as 3%. We conclude that the new hardware correlator produces reasonable correlation outputs for continuum observations, which are consistent with the outputs from the DiFX software correlator.

• 천문학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dual-frequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the nonKVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.