• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on condition of donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained for the factors influencing in vivo embryo production by conditionof donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV were as follows :1. Age and parity of donors did not affect the transferable and freezable embryos among the treatments in FSH-P but the transferable and freezable embryos were decreased after 6 years old and 4th parity in SUPER-OV(P<0.01). 2. The production of embryos on the weight of donors was higher in over 400kg of body weight in FSH-P(P<0.01) and was higher in over 450kg than 400~450kg of body weight in SUPER-OV(P<0.05). For FSH-P embryo production was better responded in 350~450kg of body weight with 30~32mg doses, and showed a better result in over 450kg body weight with 32~34mg doses.(Key Words : in vivo embryo, donors, FSH-P SUPER-OV)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.252-260
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• 2007

As it is needed to assay possible feasibility of extrapolation between in vivo and in vitro systems and to develop a new in vitro method for toxicity testing, we investigated global gene expression from both animal and cell line treated with thioacetamide (TAA) and compared between in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles. For in vivo study, mice were orally treated with TAA and sacrificed at 6 and 24 h. For in vitro study, TAA was administered to a mouse hepatic cell line, BNL CL.2 and sampling was carried out at 6 and 24 h. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by analyzing hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination (in vivo) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and morphological examination (in vitro). Global gene expression was assessed using microarray. In high dose TAA-treated group, there was centrilobular necrosis (in vivo) and cellular toxicity with an elevation of LDH (in vitro) at 24 h. Statistical analysis of global gene expression identified that there were similar numbers of altered genes found between in vivo and in vitro at each time points. Pathway analysis identified several common pathways existed between in vivo and in vitro system such as glutathione metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, butanoate metabolism for hepatotoxicty caused by TAA. Our results suggest it may be feasible to develop toxicogenomics biomarkers by comparing in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles specific to TAA for application to prediction of liver toxicity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1997

The in vivo and in vivo antibacterial activity of DW-116, a newly synthesized fluoroquinolone, were compared with those of other quinolones. DW-116 exhibited more potent antibacterial activity than rufloxacin and lower activity than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in in vivo assay But, DW-116 particularly showed strong activity against the family of staphylococci including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus and its activity was more active than that of ciprofloxacin. The time-kill curve studies showed rapid bactericidal activity for DW-116. The post-antibiotic effect of DW-116 was observed between 0.66 and 5 hours. The therapeutic efficacy of DW-116 against respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa was as strong as that of ciprofloxacin and its effect against urinary tract in(traction with E. coli was more effective than rufloxacin. The excellent therapeutic efficacy of DW-116 against these local infections is due to its good pharmacokinetic profiles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-11
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• 2007

We introduce an in vivo imaging flow cytometer, which provides fluorescence images simultaneously with quantitative information on the cell population of interest in a live animal. As fluorescent cells pass through the slit of light focused across a blood vessel, the excited fluorescence is confocally detected. This cell signal triggers a strobe beam and a high sensitivity CCD camera that captures a snap-shot image of the cell as it moves down-stream from the slit. We demonstrate that the majority of signal peaks detected in the in vivo flow cytometer arise from individual cells. The instrument's capability to image circulating T cells and measure their speed in the blood vessel in real time in vivo is demonstrated. The cell signal irradiance variation, clustering percentage, and potential applications in biology and medicine are discussed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the developed dose verification program for in vivo dosimetry based on transit dose in radiotherapy. Five intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans of lung cancer patients were used in the irradiation of a homogeneous solid water phantom and anthropomorphic phantom. Transit dose distribution was measured using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and used for the calculation of in vivo dose in patient. The average passing rate compared with treatment planning system based on a gamma index with a 3% dose and a 3 mm distance-to-dose agreement tolerance limit was 95% for the in vivo dose with the homogeneous phantom, but was reduced to 81.8% for the in vivo dose with the anthropomorphic phantom. This feasibility study suggested that transit dose-based in vivo dosimetry can provide information about the actual dose delivery to patients in the treatment room.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

Cytochrome P45O (CYP) contents and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were determined in hepatic microsome of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to tributyltin chloride (TBTC), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), and triphenyltin chloride (TPTC). In addition, effects of in vivo (intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ BW) exposure of flounder to TPTC on CYP, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 yeductase and EROD levels were measured. In in vitro exposure of hepatic microsome to organotins, TBTC, TBTO and TPTC reduced CYP contents and inhibited EROD activity. The TPTC was the strongest inhibitor, which is followed by TBTO and TBTC. The degree of inhibition, especially EROD acitivity, depended on the exposure duration. In addition, all the target enzymes in flounder were inhibited by TPTC with the in vivo exposure to TPTC. As EROD activity was the most sensitive to the inhibitions and demonstrated good reproducibility of the results, it could be used as a helpful tool toy monitor effects of organotin compounds on mixed funciton oxygenase system in marine fish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2004

Two trials in vivo and in vitro were conducted, in vivo to determine the apparent digestibility of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and apparent digestible energy in 10 corn by-products. In vivo the diets included one basal corn diet, four corn gluten meal diets, four corn distillers dried grains with solubles diets and two corn distillers dried grains diets using the different methods, 12 crossbred barrows weigh $40{\pm}$1.6 kg were allocated into individual metabolic crate, according to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. In vitro using flask technique, filter bag technique and dialysis tubing technique, the digestibilities of gross energy, crude protein and dry matter in corn gluten meal and corn distillers dried grains with solubles were investigated. Pepsin, pancreatin, intestinal fluid, rumen fluid and cellulase were used in incubation. The results showed that correlation coefficient was 0.73 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01); and correlation coefficient was 0.68 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of gross energy and neutral detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01). Apparent digestible energy (DE) of corn by-products in pig total tract was predicted by the percentage of crude protein (CP) and the content of gross energy (GE) in feedstuff. The equation: DE=5,601.09+26.69$\times$CP %-0.5904$\times$GE, ($R^2=0.72$). In vitro, filter bag technique was more convenient; furthermore, the digestibility for the treatments (pepsin+pancreatin+rumen fluid and pepsin+pancreatin+cellulase) was better.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was primarily due to metabolism via stepwise N-demethylation. Despite in vivo clearance approached ca 50％ of the total liver plasma flow, BMS-182874 was completely bioavailable after oral administration in rats. Saturable first-pass metabolism and the role of extrahepatic tissue were evaluated as possible reasons for complete oral bioavailability despite extensive metabolic clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after an intravenous and a range of oral doses of BMS-182874 in rats. Bile and urine were collected from bile-duct cannulated (BDC) rats and the in vivo metabolic pathways of BMS-182874 were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics of BMS-182874 were also compared in nephrectomized (renally impaired) vs. sham-operated control rats. Oral bioavailability of BMS-182874 averaged 100％, indicating that BMS-182874 was completely absorbed and the first-pass metabolism (liver or intestine) was negligible. The AUC and C/sub max/ values increased dose-proportionally, indicating kinetics were linear within the oral dose range of 13 to 290 mmole/kg. After intravenous administration of BMS-182874 to BDC rats, about 2％ of intact BMS-182874 was recovered in excreta, indicating that BMS-182874 was cleared primarily via metabolism in vivo. The major metabolite circulating in plasma was the mono-N-desmethyl metabolite and the major metabolite recovered in excreta was the di-N-desmethyl metabolite. In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was significantly reduced in nephrectomized rats. These observations suggest saturable first-pass metabolism is unlikely to be a mechanism for complete oral bioavailability of BMS-182874. Reduced clearance observed in the nephrectomized rats suggests that extrahepatic tissues (e.g., kidneys) may play an important role in the in vivo clearance of xenobiotics that are metabolized via N-demethylation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-76
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• 1993

Phototoxicity is a complex phenomenon which may involve photochemical reaction and biological response mechanism. This complexicity and iii mal protecting tendency has led to the development of various in-vitro approaches as sensitive, alternative test to the in-vivo phototoxicity test. In this study, we investigated not only the sensitivity of two microorganism, (C. albicans and 5. typhimurium TA 98 about UV) but also a correlation between in-vitro and in-vivo phototoxicity test using UV A and 1 Furthermore, we studied the effect of irradiation method which were as follows 1) irradiate to material and microorganism, simultaneously 2) irradiate to only material 3) irradiate to material and microorganism, respectively In each irradiation method, it showed no significant difference, However we were able to observe the more sensitive phototoxicity in S. typhimurium TA 98 than C. albicans, and the results of in-vitro test using 5. typhimurium TA 98 had a good correlation with those of in-vivo test.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1997

I. The Factors Influencing In Vivo Embryo Production by Condition of Superovulation Treatment These studies were carried out to establish an effective and practical system for comrnercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on superovulation treatment in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors.The results obtained from the studies on the factors influencing in vivo embryo production by superovulation treatment were as follows : FSH-P had a significiant advantage(83.0%) over SUPER-OV in the percentage of fertilized embryos(P<0.01). No difference was found loetween FSH-P and SUPER-OV in the percentage of transferable and freezable embryos.2. The response of superovulation by SUPER-OV was greater than that of FSH-P The donors having 8~9 and more than 10 of corpora lutea(CL) derived by FSH-P were 40.0%(most frequent) and 33%, respectively. The donors having more than 12 and 10 CL derived by SUPER -OV were 33.3% (most frequent) and 56.6%, respectively.3. Embryo production after treatment of repeated superovulation was remarkablely decreased at 3rd time by FSH-P but did not differ among 1, 2 and 3rd times by SUPER-OV. Embryo production on intervals of repeated superovulation was significantly different for the number and percentage of fertilized, transferable and free-zable' embryos in FSH-P (P<0.01) and rernarkablely decreased in repeated superovulation of 81~120 interval days. The SUPER-OV showed no differences in interval days of repeated superovulation and was found better than FSH-P in the response of repeated superovulation. (Key words : in Vivo embryo, superovulation, FSH -P, SUPER-OV)