• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2003

수복 치료과정에서 발생하는 온도증가가 치수조직에 미칠 수 있는 위해효과는 치의학의 오랜 관심사였다. 일반적으로, $5.5^{\circ}C$를 초과하는 치수 내 온도변화는 치수조직 에 비가역적인 손상을 야기할 수 있다. 기존의 할로겐 램프 광중합기와 더불어 최근 시판되고 있는 플라즈마 아크 중합기, LED 중합기를 사용하여 복합레진 중합시 치수강 내 온도증가량을 조사하였다. 한 개의 우식이 없는 치아를 대상으로 V급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동 내에 복합레진(Z250, Shade A2)을 충전한 후, 광중합조건을 달리하여 5군(I군: VIP, 20초 (mode 3), II군: VIP, 20초 (mode 6), III군: Flipo, 3초, IV군: Flipo, 5초 (2-step), V군: Lux-O-Max, 40초)으로 분류하고, 각 조건에 맞게 복합레진을 중합시키면서 치수강 내의 온도측정 단자를 통하여 $37.0^{\circ}C$로부터 증가되는 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 1. 모든 군에서 치수강 내 최대 온도 증가량은 치수의 변성을 일으키기 시작하는 경계온도인 $5.5^{\circ}C$ 보다 낮았으며, II군에서 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 통계적으로 유의하게 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 Lux-O-Max를 조사한 V군은 다른 군보다 낮은 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2. VIP로 조사한 두 군을 비교할 경우, 조사강도가 높은 II군이 I군보다 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 더 높게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), Flipo로 조사한 III군과 IV군 사이에서는 2-step 조사모드로 5초간 조사한 IV군이 3초간 조사한 III군보다 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 더 높게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. VIP와 Flipo를 비교할 경우, II군이 III, IV군보다 더 높게 증가하였고, IV군이 I군보다 더 높게 증가하였으나(p<0.05), I군과 III군 사이에는 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.265-276
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• 1996

This study was performed to identify the localization of several neuropeptides; calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), substance P(SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP), neuropeptide Y(NPY), serotonin(5-HT) and neurotensin in the tongue of Korean native goat(Capra hircus) by immunohistochemical method. The results were summarized as follows: CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers were observed as moderate immunoreactivity at the subepithelial plexus and subgemmal fibers in lamina propria of lingual papillae, but not seen in intragemmal, intergemmal, perigemmal fibers as well as in the supporting, basal and taste cells. Fibers around the acinus of the von Ebner's gland and blood vessels showed weak immunoreactivities against CGRP and SP. In the intrinsic ganglion cells, CGRP- and SP-immunoreactivities were not observed. The distribution patterns of VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive fibers were similar to CGRP-or SP-immunoreactive fibers, but their immunoreactivities were stronger than those of CGRP- or SP immunoreactive fibers. The immunoreactivities to VIP or NPY were seen in the intrinsic ganglion. Only a few serotonin immunoreactive fibers were seen in some filiform or fungiform papillae. Neurotensin immunoreactivity was not observed in the tongue of Korean native goat.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2006

Objective : It has been suggested that the occurrence of persistent pain signal during the early postnatal period may alter an individual's response to pain later in life. The aim of this study is to assess whether neonatal nerve injury resulted in long-lasting consequences on nociceptive system in the rat. Methods : We examined whether neuropathic pain behaviors and the changes of spinal neuropeptides [SP, CGRP, VIP and VIP] induced by peripheral nerve injury within 1 day after birth [Neonate group] were different from those at 8 weeks after birth [Mature group]. Results : The Neonate group showed more robust and long-lasting pain behaviors than the Mature group. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that spinal SP- & CGRP-immunoreactivities[ir] of the ipsilateral to the contralateral side increased in the Neonate group, whereas those decreased in the Mature group. In addition, increase in spinal VIP- & NPY-ir of the ipsilateral to the contralateral side was more robust in the Mature group than in the Neonate group. Conclusion : These results suggest that peripheral nerve injury in the early postnatal period may result in long-lasting and potentially detrimental alterations in nociceptive pathways.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

For the target goal of Zero-energy House construction in 2025, the government announced that the insulation regulations will be continuously enhanced. It has been predicted that high-performance insulation materials, such as vacuum insulation panel (VIP), should be used to decrease the thickness of outer walls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of adhesively fixed external insulation and finish system (EIFS) with VIP. The energy performance of a base model with conventional internal insulation system and three alternatives of EIFS with VIP were analyzed by three-dimensional heat transfer simulation. Construction cost and convenience of each alternative were also evaluated and compared. As results, effective alternatives in terms of each performance as well as overall performance considering the weighting factors of each performance were suggested.

• Carbon letters
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• 제25권
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

This study suggests the novel thermoplastic toughening agent, which can be applied in the monomer forms without increasing the viscosity of the epoxy resin and polymerized during the resin curing. The diazide (p-BAB) and dialkyne (SPB) compounds are synthesized and mixed with the epoxy resin and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are prepared using vacuum infusion process (VIP). Then, flexural and drop weight tests are performed to evaluate the improvement in the toughness of the prepared composites to investigate the potential of the novel toughening agent. When 10 phr of p-BAB and SPB is added, the flexural properties are improved, maintaining the modulus as well as the toughness is improved. Even with a small amount of polytriazolesulfone polymerized, due to the filtering effect of the solid SPB by the layered carbon fabrics during the VIP, the toughening and strengthening effect were observed from the novel toughening agent, which could be added in monomer forms, p-BAB and SPB. This suggests that the novel toughening agent has a potential to be used for the composites prepared from viscosity sensitive process, such as resin transfer molding and VIP.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.727-734
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• 1994

To elucidate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and substance P was investigated with perivascular nerve stimulation and treatment of peptides from polygraph in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 1. The neurogenic contraction induced by perivascular nerve stimulation was the frequency-dependent manner(264 Hz) in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 2. CGRP and VIP caused the relaxation on the precontraction with noradrenaline($10{\mu}m$) on the presence and absence of endothelium in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 3. Substance P caused the endothelium-dependent relaxation on the precontraction with noradrenaline($10{\mu}m$) in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 4. CGRP and VIP inhibited the neurogenic contraction by the perivascular nerve stimulation(0.3 ms, 80 V, 50 Hz, 1 sec) on the absence and presence of endothelium in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 5. Substance P inhibited on the neurogenic contraction by the perivascular nerve stimulation with the endothelium-dependent in the isolated renal artery of rabbit.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.178-191
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• 2005

Fourth-generation (4G) wireless networks will be the IP-based cellular networks integrating Internet with the existing cellular networks. Two important issues should be concerned in the IP-based cellular networks, IP mobility, and quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. In this paper, we proposed two mechanisms to solve the problems with IP mobility and RSVP-based QoS provisioning. First, virtual-IP (VIP) allocation scheme in areas with a large rate of handoff can minimize the wireless signaling overhead due to IP mobility. The access routers (ARs) create dynamically the VIP zone by using the measured handoff rate derived from the history of the handoff into neighboring ARs. We show that VIP allocation scheme reduces the binding update messages in the wireless link than hierarchical mobile IPv6. Second, the new advance resource reservation protocol called proportional aggregate RSVP (PA-RSVP) can minimize waste of bandwidth and soft state refresh overhead due to IP mobility. It allocates the bandwidth in advance between the mobility anchor point and neighboring ARs using proportional aggregate reservation. We also show that PA-RSVP provides an improved performance over existing protocols.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2001

This study was carry out to identify the distribution of calcium binding proteins; calbindin(CB), calretinin(CR) and parvalbumin(PA) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) of the Korean native goat by immunohistochemical methods. The expression of substance P(SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CG-RP), neuropeptide Y(NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) and galanin(GAL) were also investigated. CR-immunoreactivity was found in both of the cell bodies and fibers in the SCN, which the CB-immunoreactivity was observed only in the fibers. The immunoreactivity for VIP was observed in both the cell bodies and fibers, but SP-, NPY, GAL-immunoreactivities were only found in the fibers. CGRP-immunoreactivity was not seen in cell body and fibers. These results suggest that VIP, SP, NPY and GAL play a neuromodulatory or/ and neurotransmitter roles in cooperation with CB and CR in SCN of the Korean native goat.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2000

The WDHA syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome) is rare, and with neurogenic tumors. A 20-month-old girl presenting with symptoms of WDHA syndrome was transferred to our hospital. She had a ganglioneuroblastoma of the adrenal gland. The serum level of VIP was elevated. After complete excision of the tumor, all symptoms related to the WDHA syndrome were relieved and serum VIP level dropped to normal. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was treated with postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There was no evidence of disease 33 months after operation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.783-796
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• 1997

The relaxation induced by stimulation of the inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (iNANC) nerve is mediated by the release of iNANC neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The mechanisms of NO, VIP or ATP-induced relaxation have been partly determined in previous studies, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. We tried to identify the nature of iNANC neurotransmitters in the smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum and to determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide. We measured the effect of NO-donors VIP and ATP on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, by means of a fluorescence dye(fura 2) and tension simultaneously in the isolated guinea pig ileal smooth muscle. Following are the results obtained. 1. Sodium nitroprusside $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ or S -nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ decreased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ I and tension of muscle. SNP or SNAP also inhibited rhythmic oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. In 40mM $K^+$ solution or carbachol ($(CCh:10^{-6}\;M)$-induced precontracted muscle, SNP decreased muscle tension. VIP did not change $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting or precontracted muscle, but ATP increased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting muscle. 2. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one $(ODQ:1\;{\mu}M)$, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, limited the inhibitory effect of SNP 3. Glibenclamide $(10\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of $K_{ATP}$ channel, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP:5 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K channel, apamin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of small conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel had no effect on the inhibitory effect of SNP. Iberiotoxin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel, significantly increased the resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and tension, and limited the inhibitory effect of SNP. 4. Nifedipine $(1\;{\mu}M)$ or elimination of external $Ca^{2+}$ decreased not only resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension but also oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. Ryanodine $(5\;{\mu}M)$ and cyclopiazonic acid $(10\;{\mu}M)$ decreased oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. 5. SNP decreased $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of contractile protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that 1) NO is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the guinea pig ileum, 2) the inhibitory effect of SNP on the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension of the muscle is due to a decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by activation of the large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel and a decrease in the sensitivity of contractile elements to $Ca^{2+}$ through activation of G-kinase.