• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

Essential oils from Fennel fruit(Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Olibanum resin(Boswellia carteii Birew) and Needl Juniperus stem(Juniperus rigida Sieb.) were extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction system(SFE) and biological activity of each essential oils were observed. SFE technique was applied for the isolation and purification of nonpolar biologically active essential oils from each samples. The quantitative analysis of essential oils was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC/MS). About 60% of the growth of AGS and A549 cells were inhibited by adding 1.0g/l of the crude essential oils and below 40% was observed by the control. Cytotoxicity on human normal lung cell(HEL299) was scored as $15{\sim}18%$ for the crude essential oils and 12% for control, respectively. It meant that the essential oils were more effective than the control in anti-mutagenecity tested by CHO V79 cells. The effect of the essential oils on the growth of nerve cells, PC12 was observed as follows: The viable cell density was about two times higher than control.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2010

다른 물질에 비해 많은 우수한 특성을 가지고 있는 CuInSe2(CIS)박막 태양전지는 많은 연구자들에 의해 개발되어 오고 있다. CIS의 대표적인 장점으로는 직접천이형 밴드갭, 높은 흡수계수, 열 안정화상태 및 p형으로의 전도성물질의 가능성 등 다양하다. 또한 간단한 구조를 이용하여 유리같은 싼 기판을 이용하기 때문에 저가형 태양전지로서 많은 각광을 받고 있다. CIGS태양전지는 CIS의 In 사이트에 Ga을 도핑함으로서 만들어지는데 밴드갭은 약 1.4eV이다. CIS박막을 만드는 많은 방법이 존재하나 구성원소로부터 최적화된 조성을 찾을수 있는 방법이 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나로 인식되고 있으며, 이런점에서 증발법 및 스퍼터링법 등 같은 진공방식이 비진공방식에 비해 훨씬 간편하게 조성비를 맞출수 있다. 그 중에 스퍼터링법은 대면적 박막태양전지로의 가능성으로 비출어 볼때 산업화를 위한 좋은 후보군이 될 수 있다. Selenization을 하기전에 Cu-In-Se의 전구체 조합은 여러개의 타겟으로부터 동시 스퍼터링법이나 다층 전구체법을 사용하여 준비되는데 어떤 방법이 되던지 Se의 부가적인 공급은 불가피하다. 지금까지 많은 관련 연구의 대부분인 구조적, 조성비적 그리고 광학적인 특성평가에 집중되어 오고 있는데, 전기적특성평가의 경우는 면저항, 비저항 같은 간단한 결과 위주로 보고되어 오고 있다. 또한 캐리어농도와 이동도에 대한 보고가 있음에도 불구하고 이해되기에는 충분치 못한 면이 많다.본 발표에서는 태양전지 제조 전단계로서 소다라임유리기판(SLG)위에 Mo의 유무에 따라 CIS박막의 전기적인 특성 변화에 대한 내용을 담고 있다. 소다라임유리($2cm{\times}2cm$)를 기판으로 사용하여 아세톤-에탄올 용액에 초음파세척을 수행하고, Mo 후면전극을 DC 스퍼터링방식을 이용하여 증착을 한다. SLG와 Mo이 코팅된 SLG를 각각 RF 스퍼터 챔버에 이송한 후 수증기 제거를 위해 약 10분간 예열을 한다. 샘플에 대한 전기적특성은 Hall효과 측정장치에 의해 측정이 되며 전기전도도, 캐리어농도, 이동도 및 전도형에 대한 정보가 각각의 변수에 따라 조사된돠. 부가적으로 구조적, 조성비적인 특성을 SEM,XRD 및 EDX를 통해 조사를 하여 전기적 특성에 따른 관계성을 검토한다. SLG와 Mo가 코팅된 SLG위의 CIS박막은 전기적으로 약간 다른 특성을 보일 것으로 예측되며, 이러한 기대를 바탕으로 조성비가 이상적인 화학양론에 근접할 때 p형으로서 제시될 수 있다는 것을 보여줄 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

OSBA(oocytes-sperm binding assay) is a tool developed for rapid test of optimal condition of IVF medium and protein source by binding ability of mouse sperm and egg. Mouse oocyte-cumulus complexes were prepared by removing of the cumulus cells with 0.1% hyaluronidase. 10$\pm$2 oocytes per 30 ${mu}ell$ medium drop were inseminated with 3 ${mu}ell$ sperm suspension and were cultured f3r 3 hours and 24 hours, respectively. And the oocytes were recovered gently and the No. of sperm bound on oocytes were counted. In the Exp. 1, the ratio of oocytes bound with one sperm at least were 60.2%(50/83), 2%(2/77) and 100%(79/79) in the medium with no protein, FBS(15%, v/v) and BSA(0.4%. w/v), respectively, Fetal bovine serum(FBS) seriously inhibited sperm binding on oocyte, although bovine serum albumin(BSA) promoted the binding ability. The inhibiting effect of FBS was dependent on the concentration of FBS. The sperm binding ability according to oocyte maturity was tested in the Exp. 2. There was no significant difference between Met. II (mature) and Met. I (intermediate mature) oocytes in the number of oocytes bound with sperm and the number of sperm bound on oocytes. Finally, in Exp. 3, two batches of Ham's F10 medium with good and poor quality by OSBA were tested (The ratios of embryos developed from PN 1-cell stage to hatched blastocyst; 25% vs. 70%). In the medium with good quality, sperm binding ability was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05). The ratio of oocytes bound with one sperm at least was 66% and 90% in the medium with poor and good quality, respectively. Conclusively, It was possible to test IVF medium condition rapidly and easily by OSBA.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.703-715
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics and anti-obesity effects of acetic acid fermentation products of coffee wine. The live cell counts, soluble solids, pH and total acidity of the acetic acid unfermented coffee wine (AUFCW; day 0, before fermentation) were 6.35 log CFU/mL, 8.10 °Brix, 3.88, and 1.29%, respectively, while the acetic acid fermented coffee wine (AFCW; day 15, after fermentation) were 4.40 log CFU/mL, 8.57 °Brix, 3.07, and 7.45%, respectively. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity tended to increase as the acetic acid fermentation period increased. The anti-obesity effects of AFCW on 3T3-L1 cells, which was induced by MDI, were evaluated based on the lipid accumulation rate, leptin expression, and fat production-related gene expression (PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c) at the mRNA level. In the case of AFCW, the lipid accumulation rate and leptin expression were decreased to 69.37% and 50.20% at a concentration of 200 ㎍/mL, respectively, and the expression levels of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c at the mRNA level were decreased to 79.89% and 48.81%, respectively. These results indicate that anti-obesity effect of acetic acid fermentation products could be increased by acetic acid fermentation of coffee wine.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1992

These experiments were designed to investigate the effects of glycosaminoglycans(GAGs), which maybe produced by cumulus cells, on in vitro maturation process of bovine follicular oocytes. The rates of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes were examined after incubating with the various concentrations of a hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, or heparin for 26 hours. The results obatained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. When the cumulus or removed oocytes treated with hyaluronic acid(200, 400, 800 and 1, 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), the maturation rates of cumulus-removed oocytes were 48.6, 59.4, 68.4 and 61.3% respectively. Especially, at a concentration of 800$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, the maturation rates(68.8%) of cumulus-removed oocytes were slightly lower than that(78.3%) of cumulus-enclosed oocytes. However, the treatment of hyaluronic acid showed significantly higher maturation rates compared to that(48.4%) of control group of cumulus-removed oocytes(p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest thate hyaluronic acid had a beneficial effect on maturation of bovine follicular oocytes. 2. The maturation rate of cumulus-free oocytes treated with chondroitin sulfate(200, 400, 800 and 1, 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was 52.3, 56.1, 55.9 and 52.2% respectively. These rates were not different from those(52.9%) of control group. However, these rates in cumulus-free oocytes were significantly lower than that(79.0%) in cumulus-enclosed oocytes(p<0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that chondroitin sulfate do not affect on the maturation of oocytes. 3. In cumulus-free oocytes cultured with different heparin concentration, the maturation rates were ranged from 48.5 to 52.1%, showing no differencies from that(50.7%) of control group. However, these rates were significantly lower than 80.0% in cumulus-enlosed oocytes(p<0.01). 4. The nuclear maturaton of oocytes was increased by treatment of each of three glycosaminoglycans(hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin). In addition, the treatment of mixed together showed the significant additive effect. Hyaluronic acid was more effective than chondroitin sulfate and heparin were.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

This study was conducted to detect the apoptosis incidence in blastocysts and to compare the abundance of Bax, Bcl2L1, VEGF and FGFR2 in in vitro fertilized (IVF), parthenogenetic (PAT) and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Oocytes matured for 40 hr were enucleated and reconstructed with confluenced fetal fibroblasts (FFs) derived from a ${\sim}45$ day fetus. Reconstructed eggs were then fused with 2 DC pulses (2.0 kV/cm, $30{\mu}sec$) and cultured with $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B for 3 hr. Parthenotes (PAT) were produced with the same electric strength and culture for NT eggs. The embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium at $39^{\circ}C,\;5%\;CO_2,\;5%\l;O_2$ in air. In 3 runs, set of 10 embryos at the 4-cell to blastocyst stages were used to extract total RNA for analyzing the gene expression patterns of pro-apoptotic (Bax), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2L1), vasculogenesis (VEGF), implantation (FGFR2III) using real-time quantitative PCR. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in IVF and PAT ($79.3{\pm}8.5\;and\;25.5{\pm}6.1,\;and\;85.0{\pm}6.4\;and\;38.6{\pm}5.5$, respectively)than NT counterparts ($65.1{\pm}5.2\;and\;15.6{\pm}3.0$, respectively). Significantly higher (P<0.05) total cells were observed in IVF controls and PAT ($34.7{\pm}5.8\;and\;38.1{\pm}4.1$) than NT embryos ($24.8{\pm}3.2$). Apoptosis index was significantly lower (P<0.05) in IVF than NT embryos. The Relative abundances (RA) of Bax and VEGF were significantly higher (P<0.05) at blastocyst stage in NT than IVF control. The RA of Bcl2L1 and FGFR2III were significantly higher (P<0.05) at blastocyst stage in IVF than NT. The present study observed the abnormal gene expressions in NT embryos at various developmental stages, suggesting certain clues to find out the cause of the low efficiency of NT to term.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate response of corpus luteum, recovery rate of embryos and production of transferable embryos according to superovulation by PEG 30% FSH in Hanwoo. Cows were selected as recipient, subsequent were superovulated with a total of 400 mg NIH-FSH-P1(Folltropin-V, Canada) given by one shot subcutaneously. At the time of five days after Folltropin injection, 25mg of a PGF$_2$a was injected and cows were inseminated 12 and 24h after the onset of estrus. Seven days after insemination, embryos were collected non-surgically and were cryopreserved by direct transfer methods. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Response of corpus luteum following the superovulation in Hanwoo, right ovary were 52.8%(271/513) and left ovary were 47.1%(242/513), respectively (P<0.05). 2. Recovery rate of embryos following the number of corpus luteum were 83.0%(426/513). 3. Mean number of embryos recovered and transferable embryos were 7.74 and 6.43, respectively (P<0.05). 4. In the total number of transferable embryos per flush were collected 6.4 and all saved transferable embryos were 355.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated inhibitory effect of red sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on triglyceride biosynthesis in Rhodosporidium toruloides. There was no significant difference in the total lipid content of all the experimental groups including 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5% (w/v) of red sweet pepper 70% ethanol extract treatment (RSPE). However, the triglyceride content was significantly decreased in RSPE group campared to the control group. When the formation of lipid droplet in the oleaginous yeast was examined, a small amount of fluorescence was observed compared to the control as the concentration of RSPE increased. The number of cells and free fatty acid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that RSPE has an anti-obesity effect.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate feeding effects of the high pressure boiled extracts (HPBE) of the Ogol chicken with herbs on glucose, hormones and immunological response (cytokine, specific antibody) of serum in the rat which fed either with normal feed (T$_1$), normal feed + herb HPBE (T$_2$), normal feed + Ogol chicken HPBE (T$_3$), normal feed + mixture of cross-bred Ogol chicken HPBE (T$_4$) hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme 0.1% for 35 days. During experimental period, there was a weak trend to have a higher glucose content for the T$_4$ group with 102.27${\pm}$5.95 mg/dL, but it was not significantly higher than other treatments. For insulin level, T$_1$ group showed numerically a slightly higher level with 6.79${\pm}$4.64 ${\mu}$IU/mL, but the difference was not significant in statistic term due likely to a large variation in comparison with other treatments. The treatments did not significantly alter testosterone level in rat plasma with 1.09, 1.46, 0.98, 1.13 ng/mL in T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$, respectively. T$_4$ treatment increased the aldosterone level to a significantly (p<0.05) higher level (273.33 ng/dL) than other treatments. The extract treated rat showed a tendency in the cortisol level of lower levels than the control group, particularly, it was significantly (p<0.05) lower in T$_3$ group than other groups. T$_3$ and T$_4$ groups showed higher levels for interlukin-4 (IL-4) and anti-BSA IgG in immune cells and plasma. T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$ treatments showed a slightly higher levels in v-interferon (INF-r) than the control, with a greater effect for T4 treatments. These results suggested that HPBE of the cross-bred Ogol chicken hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme increased immunological activity and decreased the concentration of cortisol and aldosterone hormones.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1998

Algal meal (cell) was produced from the solution of dairy cow wastes by fermentation of ulothrix. sp. and chlorella sp. Raw wastes mainly feces were diluted with ground water to give dry matter concentration of 0.5 w/v of wastes in 20 l amounts of ten plastic containers. Each containers were covered with plastic nets and vinyl films to protect from the insects and rain. Algea cells were harvested every 3 to 5 days and dried by sunlight and artifitial heat. Dried cells were ground by a feed meal, and analyzed and tested for the chemical composition of dry cell, in vitro DM and protein digestibility and the safty of algae. Protein contents in algae meals, ulothrix (29.37%) and chlorella (29.24%) were similar. However, chlorella contained lower Neutral detergent fiber (5.92%) than ulothrix(20,76%), and higher ash (32.86%) and calcium (12.62%) than ulothrix (28.66% and 6.09%) (P<.01). Ulothrix protein had higher for essential amino acids; valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine, than chlorella (P<.05). Algal fats contained high saturated fatty acids, C16:0 and C18:0, for ulothrix and high unsaturated fatty acids, C18:1 and C18:2, for chlorella (P<.01). In vitro digestibility of. ulothrix tended to be higher for DM, but lower for protein than chlorella. The weight gain and survival percentage were higher for pond fishes (loaches, Misgurnus sp. ) fed diet added chlorella meal than diets added ulothrix meal and control diet (P<.05).