• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

This study investigated whether Korean vowels, /ɨ/ and /u/, are distinctively perceived after a labial consonant given the fact that native and Sino-Korean nouns showed only vowel /u/ after a labial consonant while this pattern was massively broken by the recent introduction of loanwords. For this purpose, a perception experiment was conducted with $V_1C_1V_2$ sequences in which different vowels /a, i, u/ and consonants /p, t, k/ occurred in $V_1$ and $C_1$ before the target $V_2$, /ɨ/ and /u/. The data was produced by six speakers each from two different age groups, Age20 and Age40/50 in the read speech style. The results showed that consonant /p/ attracted significantly more responses of /u/ from /VCɨ/ sequences and significantly less responses of /u/ from /VCu/ sequence than the other consonants did in both age groups. Furthermore, Age20 group showed significantly less percentage of /u/ responses than Age40 group when the preceding consonant was /p/ regardless of the target vowel. We suggest therefore that unlike the traditional belief of labial assimilation, there is neutralization after a labial consonant in which vowels /ɨ/ and /u/ are often realized as any sound between two vowels, /ɨ/ and /u/. That is, this vowel change is not categorial but it rather produces an ambiguous stimulus which attracts different responses from different listeners. Ambiguous stimulus was produced due to coarticulatory efforts in speech production and perceptual compensation. We also argue that there is generational difference such that Age40/50 group speakers showed stronger tendency to produce /u/ after a labial consonant regardless of whether the target vowel was /ɨ/ or /u/.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2017

Various extracts of roots, stems, and leaves of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' were evaluated for total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. The conjugate form of stem samples contained the highest total phenolics ($5.092{\pm}0.739mg$ gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight） and the highest total flavonoids ($2.218{\pm}0.021mg$ rutin equivalent per g dry weight) was found in the hexane extract of leaves. The ethyl acetate extract of roots showed the maximum antioxidant activity as compared to other extracts. Of which, the $IC_{50}$ value of this sample were 0.070 mg/mL and 0.450 mg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reducing power, respectively, while the lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) value was as 94.2% by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching method. Five phenolic compounds including caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, ellagic acid, and cinnamic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is suggested that roots of the hybrid Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' can be explodited as an effective source of antioxidants.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

This paper presents computer graphics applying the traditional Korean house(Hanok) style interior to unit-care space of Welfare Facility and proposes the possibility as interior design and construction materials. In this paper, the proposed computer graphic-based model is a single-story building that provides convenient traffic between rooms. Computer graphic-based model is presented by Auto CAD, 3D program (Sketch-UP v.8), rendering program (Podium v.2) based on the traditional Korean house and related work of unit-care welfare facility. Computer graphic-based model that combined unit-care and the traditional Korean house has the following characteristics. In each room of living space, wallpaper and flooring Korean paper(Hnaji) is considered and windows, door, furniture of traditional pattern were placed. The living room(Daechung) that is representative of the traditional Korean house and the corridor (toenmaru) are the elements to save the image of the traditional Korean house as much as possible. Especially, the corridor (toenmaru) is placed to conveniently use in nursing-care facility and home-care support facility. A public space is placed around the inside court (An-madang), while the living space (unit-care) has a sense of independence by separation. Bathroom and kitchen have a modern design for functionality than aesthetic elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.286-286
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• 2011

현재의 NEDO (New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization) style Si 정련은 두 단계로 구분되어 있다. 고출력 집속 전자빔을 이용한 금속 실리콘의 1차 용융과 대기압 근처의 플라즈마 아크 용해를 이용해서 B, P를 약간의 반응성 가스를 첨가 하여 제거하는 방법이다. 그러나 저가형 실리콘을 생산하려는 취지와 달리 두 가지의 고가 장비가 필요하다. E-beam melting 장치에서도 반응성이 높은 라디칼을 생성할 수 있다면 하나의 장비에서 두 가지의 정련 작업을 진행시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고진공에서(< 10-4 Torr) 동작하는 E-beam의 성능에 전혀 영향을 주지 않으면서 플라즈마를 용이하게 생성 시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하고 이를 적용하여 실제 금속 순도 실리콘 내에 존재하는 B, P가 제거되는지 확인하는 것을 연구 내용으로 한다. 본 연구는 MG (Metal Grade) - Si 을 플라즈마 보조 전자빔 정련을 이용하여 정련한 Si 의 불순물 함량의 개선 효과를 조사하는 것이다. MG-Si 의 정련 방법 중에서 고출력 집속 전자빔을 이용하여 휘발성 오염물질을 제거 후, 플라즈마 아크 용해를 이용해서 B 를 제거하는 방법을 접목시켰다. MG-Si 에 DC power 와 전자빔을 집속시켜서 정련을 하면 챔버 내의 잔류 수증기가 플라즈마에 의해 분해되어 O를 생성하고, B와 반응을 하여 BO 형태로 제거가 된다. 방전 전압 700 V 와 전자빔 가속 전압이 4.5 kV, 방출 전류는 11 A, 진공 챔버 내의 압력은 $7.2{\times}10^{-4}$ Torr에서 정련을 진행하여 B를 제거했다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.610-616
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• 2013

This paper proposes a transparent logic circuit for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) technology. The RFID logic circuit generates 16-bit code programmed in read-only memory. All circuits are implemented in a pseudo-CMOS logic style using transparent a-IGZO TFTs. The transmittance degradation due to the transparent RFID logic chip is 2.5% to 8% in a 300-nm to 800-nm wavelength. The RFID logic chip generates Manchester-encoded 16-bit data with a 3.2-kHz clock frequency and consumes 170 ${\mu}W$ at $V_{DD}=6$ V. It employs 222 transistors and occupies a chip area of 5.85 $mm^2$.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

MP3 audio format has good quality and high compression rate ; therefore, the use of MP3 format increases. The requirement of keeping the extra information such as author and lyrics in MP3 files increases. And the tagging systems designed to meet this requirement are suggested. ID3 vl tag and Lyrics3 v2 tag are two most widely used tagging systems. But ID3 vl tag and Lyrics3 v2 tag are the last things to arrive when the file is being streamed. Therefore, users cannot get the tag information until the entire audio file is downloaded. Moreover information synchronized with audio stream may lose its feature. In this paper, a system searching and playing audio files based on tag information in MP3 files is implemented. This system solves the problem that the tag information is ignored when an MP3 files is played on internet. An audio object is described in an XML document, and timing and synchronization between elements in that In document is provided in HTML+TIME style using XSL.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

The Xiaolan channel super large bridge is unique in style and with greatest span in the world with a total length of 7686.57 m. The main bridge with spans arranged as 100m+220m+100m is a combined structure composed of prestressed concrete V-shape rigid frame and concrete-filled steel tubular flexible arch. First of all, the author compiles APDL command flow program by using the unit birth-death technique and establishes simulation calculation model in the whole construction process. The creep characteristics of concrete are also taken into account. The force ratio of the suspender, arch and beam is discussed. The authors conduct studies on the three-plate webs's rule of shear stress distribution, the box girder's longitudinal bending normal stress on every construction stage, meanwhile the distribution law of longitudinal bending normal stress and transverse bending normal stress of completed bridge's box girder. Results show that, as a new combined bridge, it is featured by: Girder and arch resist forces together; Moment effects of the structure are mainly presented as compressed arch and tensioned girder; The bridge type brings the girder and arch on resisting forces into full play; Great in vertical stiffness and slender in appearance.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

This research tries to review the history and concepts of Thai temple mural painting. According to the research results, the history of Thai mural painting dates back to the late 14th century when Wat Chedi Chet Taeo in Si Satchanalai was built. The Sinhalese elements embedded in the Sukhothai murals are also found in the Ayuthayan stupa murals made in the early 15th century. The mid 18th century's Burmese invasion into Ayuthaya destroyed most of Buddhist temples in the Kingdom of Ayuthaya and as a result, Buddhist murals of the late Ayuthayan age are hardly found except for some temple murals located outside of the capital. The late Ayuthayan murals are much different from the early Ayuthayan murals in that they are narrative in depicting Jataka and the life of Lord Buddha. This classical mural painting culminated in the age of Rama III of Bangkok Dynasty. His successor Rama IV undertook westernized reforms which influenced the area of traditional mural painting. Consequently, new western style Buddhist mural paintings were produced while themes of mural painting were enlarged to the other subjects such as historical recording of royal and social events. This trend continued in the age of Rama V but the development of Thai Buddhist mural painting discontinued after the death of Rama V due to the rapid westernization and decrease of illiteracy. The existing Buddhist murals produced on or before the reign of Rama V are deteriorating and disappearing. The reasons for this are partly because of Thailand's humid climate. However, some social backgrounds such as the lack of concern for preserving old Buddhist murals can not be disregarded. Considering the substantial value of Thai Buddhist murals as a cultural resource in Thai society, it is very urgent to establish appropriate conservation policy for them.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

Cave 79 of Kumtura grottoes, is the best preserved cave, which has an important meaning for research on Uighur costume. This paper is intended to analyze the costume characteristics of female donors in Cave 79 by comparing image materials between Dunhuang murals and other murals in Xinjiang province. In Cave 79, female donor wears red robe with tight sleeve, whose collar is crescent-shaped decorated. Two different opinions are upheld for this decoration. One regards this as the turn-down collar, while the other believes this as decoration on V-neckline. Red robe is quite common in female donors of Xinjiang and Dunhuang murals and a female in fresco is wearing a crown in a triangle red headwear style, regarded as red silk and drooping at head. Female donors wear an extra coat, kame hair clasp, red jacket, light-colored high-waist skirt with a long-tail waistband, and tangerine Pibo (silk ribbon) with scattered small flowers. All these costume styles are commonly-used by Han females. The kame headwear is also the common ornament for Han females and the female's hairstyle is in cone shape on head by a white kame. Current costumes are similar but not completely same.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.3 s.30
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• pp.186-200
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate university students' eating out behavior and attitude to coupons and alliance cards in the food service industry. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 435 students. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 12.0 program. The results were summarized as follows: The average age was 21.24. Korean-style food was the most favorite dish when they ate out. Major sources of restaurant information were friends and acquaintances. The factors of choosing restaurants came 'taste', 'hygienic', 'price' and 'service' in that order. Comparing coupons with alliance cards, they used coupons less frequently than alliance cards. The behavior of using coupons and alliance cards indicated that university students regarded alliance cards as more economically helpful than coupons.