• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate chromosomal abnormalities and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings in females with primary amenorrhea (PA). Methods: Detailed forms were recorded for 470 females, including the construction of three-generation pedigrees. Peripheral venous blood was drawn, with informed consent, for cytogenetic analysis. Results: An abnormal karyotype was found in 16.38% of participants. The incidence of structural abnormalities (6.8%) exceeded that of numerical abnormalities (6.15%). Turner syndrome represented 45% of all numerical abnormalities. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was detected in 5% of females with PA. Among the structural chromosomal abnormalities detected (n=32) were mosaicism (25%), deletions (12.5%), isochromosomes (18.75%), fragile sites (3.12%), derivatives (3.12%), marker chromosomes (3.12%), and normal variants (29.125%). An examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that 29.6% of females had a complete absence of breast development, 29.78% lacked pubic hair, and 36.88% exhibited no axillary hair development. Radiological findings revealed that 51.22% of females had a hypoplastic uterus and 26.66% had a completely absent uterus. Abnormal ovarian development, such as the complete absence of both ovaries, absence of one ovary, one absent and other streak, or both streak ovaries, was observed in 69.47% of females with PA. Additionally 43.1%, 36.1%, 67.4%, and 8% of females had elevated levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, respectively. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of karyotyping as a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing PA. The cytogenetic correlation with these profiles will aid in genetic counseling and further management of the condition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the potential of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) to prevent obesity and abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by ovariectomy in a rat model without stimulatory activity on uterus. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated for 6 weeks with 70% ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum [HPEs: whole plant (WHPE) and flower and leaves (FLHPE)], ${\beta}$-estradiol-3-benzoate at a dose of $50{\mu}g/kg/day$ (E2) or vehicle (distilled water). RESULTS: As expected, OVX increased body weight gain and adiposity and showed higher food efficacy ratio. OVX also increased the serum cholesterol as well as insulin resistance, while reducing uterus weight and uterine epithelial proliferation rate. HPEs (WHPE and FLHPE) showed estrogen-like effect on body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and food efficacy ratio in OVX rats. HPEs prevented hypercholesterolemia induced by OVX more effectively than E2. E2 increased uterus weight and epithelial proliferation rate in OVX rats, while HPEs maintained them at the level of the sham-operated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding demonstrates that HPEs can be considered as an effective agent to prevent OVX-induced obesity without stimulatory activity on uterus.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2015

The cause of infertility is either fertilization failure or early embryonic death. The aetiology may involve a combination of many factors, e.g. genetic factors, abnormalities in the gametes nutritional disorders, inadequate luteal function, and delayed ovulation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microorganisms collected from uterus of Hanwoo cattle on early embryonic development. Microorganisms isolated from the uterus of Hanwoo cattle included Bacillus cereus (Bc), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Staphylococcus warneri (Sw) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef). When cultured with Bc, Bt, Sw, and Ef, oocytes were not developed into a blastocyst in vitro. The proportion of blastocyst was dramatically increased after reducing the number of microorganisms ($10^4CFU/ml$). Interestingly, the proportion of blastocyst was decreased by adding the Sw and Ef. These results indicate that among intrauterine microorganisms, Sw and Ef strains negatively affect theearly embryonic development, thereby aggravate the rates of implantation and pregnancy. These findings will provide useful information for association studies in other pig populations.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2022

As the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations increases, various side effects are being reported, and menstrual abnormalities have been reported as a side effect in women. However, it is still unclear whether the COVID-19 vaccine has detrimental effects on the female reproductive system. Therefore, we investigated the effect of excessive immune response on reproductive function by administering Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) instead of the COVID-19 vaccine. The immune response in mice was induced by injection of LPS. Mice injected with saline 5 times were used as a control group, and mice injected with LPS 5 times were used as an experimental group. Repeated administration of LPS significantly reduced the number of corpus luteum (CL). On the other hand, the injection of LPS did not affect the development of follicles leading before the CL. The expression of the apoptosis-related genes Fas and Fas-L increased in the experimental group. In addition, the expression of the inflammation-related genes increased in the experimental group. In this study, we confirmed that LPS had detrimental effects on the uterus and ovaries in mice. These results suggest that injection of LPS can cause immune reactions within the uterus and ovaries and cause hormonal changes, which can have adverse effects such as abnormal operation or bleeding of the menstrual cycle. These results are expected to help determine the cause of decreased reproductive function, infertility, or physiological disorders caused by the COVID-19 vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 1995

Many oocytes fail to fertilize and cleave in vitro and many embryos transferred back to uterus fail to implant or maintain implantation. Chromosomal abnormalities in the male and female gametes may contribute to this loss. The higher incidence of meiotic chromosomal abnormalities bas been found in oocytes than in sperm. The wide range of incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes has been reported in human IVF program (26-63%). However, factors affecting chromosomal abnormalities are not well understood. The present study has been conducted to investigate effects of the method for ovarian hyperstimulation, women's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients on the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Five hundred eighty four unfertilized metaphase II oocytes were subjected to chromosomal analysis. Included unfertilized oocytes were from 220 patients (mean $age=32.7{\pm}3.0$) and three hundred thirty oocytes were legible for analysis. Two hundred fourty five oocytes out of 330 (73.3%) were normal, while 38 (11.5%) were hyperploidy, 35 (10.6%) were hypoploidy, and 12 (3.6%) were diploidy. Significant difference in chromosomal abnormalities was not found between two patient groups stimulated by follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (FSH/HMG) (25.9%) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/FSH/HMG) (28%). There was a tendency of increasing chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes from older patients (<30 yrs: 20.3%, 30-34yrs: 26.9%, >34 yrs: 35.3%). The number of oocytes retrieved per patient had no effect the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (1-5: 31. 4%, 6-10: 29.8%, 11-15: 28.6%, > 15: 16.5%). These results from the present study suggest that the chromosomal abnormalities observed in the unfertilized oocytes has not affected by the stimulation methods, patient's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

This study was aimed to determine the biometry of genital organs, incidence of gynecological disorders and pregnancy loss in Black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Genitalia of 118 does were collected from local abattoirs. Biometric parameters of genital organs were measured and gross and histopathological examinations were carried out for detection of abnormalities. For gravid uterus, age of the fetus was determined by measuring crown-rump length. There was no significant difference in the length, width and weight of right and left ovaries (P>0.05). However, the number of follicles between left ($5.3{\pm}2.3$) and right ovaries ($7.4{\pm}2.7$) varied significantly (P<0.05). The mean length of right fallopian tube and uterine horn were not varied with those of left fallopian tube and uterine horn. The length of uterine body, cervix and vagina were $1.3{\pm}0.1cm$, $3.3{\pm}0.5cm$ and $6.8{\pm}1.3cm$, respectively. Overall, 29 (24.6%) genitalia had abnormalities. Fifteen genitalia (12.7%) had ovarian abnormalities including ovaro-bursal adhesions (6.8%), parovarian cyst (5.1%) and follicular cyst (0.9%). Uterine abnormalities were found in 12 genitalia (10.2%) and predominant uterine lesion was endometritis (6.8%) followed by adenomyosis (1.7%), hemorrhagic lesion on endometrial surface (0.9%) and cyst in broad ligament (0.9%). In addition, cyst in fallopian tube (0.9%) and vagina (0.9%) were recorded. The proportion of slaughtered pregnant goats was 15.3% (18/118). The pregnancy wastage was highest in the first month (50.0%) followed by second (33.3%) and third (16.7%) month. It can be concluded that ovaro-bursal adhesions, parovarian cyst and endometritis are the gynecological disorders of major concern in Black Bengal goat.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2019

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract comprising uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Patients with HWW syndrome usually present symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, pelvic mass, and purulent vaginal discharge. If not treated at an appropriate time, complications such as infertility, endometriosis, pyosalpinx, and subsequent pelvic adhesions may occur. Here, we report a case of HWW syndrome in a 7-year-old-girl who was also diagnosed as having central precocious puberty. She was brought to the pediatric department with chief complaints of lump in her breast and vaginal discharge. When she was around 2 months old, she was confirmed to have a single kidney on ultrasonography. We checked her past medical history and diagnosed her as having HWW syndrome based on the results of imaging studies, including abdominal ultrasonography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. She underwent treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue for 2 years. During 24 months of follow-up, she showed no serious problems or complications. If renal anomalies are identified immediately after birth or in infancy, further screening tests should be conducted prior to menstruation for determining congenital abnormalities of the reproductive tract and vice versa.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of comparison of the signal intensity of uterine septum in the differential diagnosis of bicornuate and septate uterus on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and methods : Preoperative MR imaging findings of surgically proven 5 bicornuate and 6 septate uteri were retrospectively analyzed. Because preoperative differential diagnosis of both was possible in all cases in terms of the intercornual distance, external contour of uterine fungus, and divergent angle of two uterine cavities, these criteria were excluded in this study. The signal intensity of uterine septum in patients with bicornuate and septate uterus was analyzed on T1-weighted and fast spin echo T2-weighted images obtained in the axial and coronal planes, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The signal intensity of uterine septum especially on T2-weighted images was compared with that of myometrium or junctional zone. Results : The signal intensity of uterine septum in patients with bicornuate uterus (n=5) and septate uterus (n=6) was similar to that of myometrium in all cases on T1-weighted images. The septum of bicornuate uterus (n=5) on fast spin echo T2-weighted images was isointense with myometrium in three and hypointense in two cases. The uterine septum of septate uterus (n=6) on T2-weighted images was isointense with myometrium in two, hypointense in two, and isointense with or more hypointense than junctional zone in two cases. No patient showed different signal intensity between upper and lower uterine septum. Conclusion : Because the MR signal intensity of the uterine septum in bicornuate or septate uterus is variable, it should not be used alone in the differential diagnosis of them. In these clinically important differentiation, therefore, comprehensive analysis of MR findings in terms of the external contour of uterine fundus, intercornual distance, divergent angle of two uterine cavities, in addition to the signal intensity of the uterine septum, should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 2020

A 16-year-old cat presented with a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy. Radiography revealed a soft-tissue opacity, heart-shaped mass between the descending colon and urinary bladder. Ultrasonography showed a large uterine body with a heterogeneously hypoechoic, thickened wall and hypoechoic intraluminal fluid. Computed tomography revealed a large, fluid-filled uterine mass with contrast enhancement, without evidence of regional lymph node or pulmonary metastasis. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by histology. No notable abnormalities were observed during the 1-year postoperative follow-up periods. This report describes the diagnostic imaging and treatment of a rare case of feline uterine leiomyosarcoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2005

Hermaphroditism was discovered in four dogs at surgery. For the classification of the type of hermaphroditism in each case, gross morphological and histopathological studies were performed. Based on the histopathological studies, two dogs were diagnosed as unilateral true hermaphroditism because they had mixed gonad containing testis and ovary in unilateral gonad. Whereas two dogs were diagnosed as male pseudohermaphroditism because they had only testis and uterus that had endometrial atrophy. After resection, further follow-up of several months revealed no evidence of clinical abnormalities.