• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

In the paper, we confirmed improvement Noise figure of the entire RF front-end using spiral inductor with PGS(Patterned Ground Shield) and current bleeding techniques. LNA design is to achieve simultaneous noise and input matching. Spiral inductor in input circuit of LNA inserted PGS for betterment of Q-factor. we modeling inductor using EM simulator, so compared with inductor of TSMC 0.18um. We designed and simulation the optimum structure of PGS using Taguchi's method. We confirmed enhancement of noise figure at LNA after substituted for inductor with PGS. Mixer designed using current bleeding techniques for reduced noise. We designed LNA using inductor with PGS and Mixer using current bleeding techniques, so confirmed improvement of noise figure.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine effective chest compression methods that could be used when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rocking boats. Methods: Tests were conducted for four minutes using manual and mechanical chest compressions on two mannequins, placed in boats, and moving at a speed of 35km/hours on calm sea surfaces with wave heights of 0.5m and wind speeds of 2-3m/s (testing for two minutes, followed by rest, then a second round of testing for two minutes). To compare the quality of the chest compressions, data were analyzed using mannequins (Resusci Anne Q-CPR, Laerdal, Norway) and then statistically processed. Results: When chest compressions were administered in the moving rescue boat, an accuracy analysis showed that the pressure speed of the hand and mechanical techniques were normal, h owever, the pressure depth accuracies were 49.04% for manual techniques and 0% for mechanical techniques. The relaxation accuracies during compressions were 2.07% for manual techniques and 95.4% for mechanical techniques. Conclusion: When administering chest compressions in rocking rescue boats, mechanical rather than manual techniques should be preferentially considered.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1063-1075
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• 2022

In recent years, container techniques have been broadly applied to cloud computing systems to maximize their efficiency, flexibility, and economic feasibility. Concurrently, studies have also been conducted to ensure the security of cloud computing. Among these studies, moving-target defense techniques using the high agility and flexibility of cloud-computing systems are gaining attention. Moving-target defense (MTD) is a technique that prevents various security threats in advance by proactively changing the main attributes of the protected target to confuse the attacker. However, an analysis of existing MTD techniques revealed that, although they are capable of deceiving attackers, MTD techniques have practical limitations when applied to an actual cloud-computing system. These limitations include resource wastage, management complexity caused by additional function implementation and system introduction, and a potential increase in attack complexity. Accordingly, this paper proposes a software-defined MTD system that can flexibly apply and manage existing and future MTD techniques. The proposed software-defined MTD system is designed to correctly define a valid mutation range and cycle for each moving-target technique and monitor system-resource status in a software-defined manner. Consequently, the proposed method can flexibly reflect the requirements of each MTD technique without any additional hardware by using a software-defined approach. Moreover, the increased attack complexity can be resolved by applying multiple MTD techniques.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.56-65
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• 2004

This study divides the expression techniques of Zaha Hadid into various types who has manipulated her targeted drawings as her unique design tools in the process of architectural design, analyzes them in terms of the vanishing point, visual point for observation and object of observation and attempts to figure out how the multi-visual expression is applied in the conception of form and space and method of observation. By doing so, this study will suggest the characteristics of the expression techniques using multi-visual. Through the above study, the utilization and characteristics of multi-visual expression of the architecture design process of Zaha Hadid are summarized as follows. Firstly, Zaha Hadid utilizes the strained multi-visual perspective technique which can look out over the interaction between masses simultaneously at multi-angles by changing a perspective drawing of vanishing point 1, 2, and 3. Secondly, it utilizes a landscape perspective technique and embodies an Idea of landscape's spatial arrangement through it as the means to search a dynamic relation of architecture, city, land, and space. Thirdly, there is a projected expression using X-ray perspective technique to make the relations between inside and outside of building to three-dimension volume. Zaha Hadid has used the expression techniques using multi-visual by utilizing various points and has developed and used them as her creative tools for idea. By means of escaping from the expression techniques of simple revival, she has used a new expression technique that can represent recognized space. In the past, the content could change the expression techniques in architecture; however, the liberation of architectural expression techniques can change the content in modern times when require new attempts.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was evaluated the marginal microleakage of two different adhesive systems before and after aging with two different dye penetration techniques. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 human molars. Clearfil SE Bond and Single Bond (self-etching and etchand-rinse systems, respectively) were applied, each to half of the prepared cavities, which were restored with composite resin. Half of the specimens in each group underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. Microleakage was evaluated using two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) dye penetration techniques separately for each half of each specimen. Data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 (SPSS Inc.), using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: The difference between the 2D and 3D microleakage evaluation techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of Single bond groups (p = 0.002). The differences between 2D and 3D microleakage evaluation techniques were significant at both the occlusal and cervical margins of Clearfil SE Bond groups (p = 0.017 and p = 0.002, respectively). The difference between the 2D and 3D techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of non-aged groups (p = 0.003). The difference between these two techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of the aged groups (p = 0.001). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between the two techniques only at the occlusal margins in all specimens. Conclusions: Under the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the 3D technique has the capacity to detect occlusal microleakage more precisely than the 2D technique.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.775-780
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• 2019

Techniques for predicting the future can be categorized into statistics-based and deep-run-based techniques. Among them, statistic-based techniques are widely used because simple and highly accurate. However, working-level officials have difficulty using many analytical techniques correctly. In this study, we compared the accuracy of prediction by applying multinomial logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, and Bayesian inference to marketing related data. The same marketing data was used, and analysis was conducted by using R. The prediction results of various techniques reflecting the data characteristics of the marketing field will be a good reference for practitioners.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

During minimally invasive liver resection (MILR), the Pringle maneuver aims to minimize blood loss and provide a clear operative field, thereby identifying intrahepatic structures and facilitating safe parenchymal transection. Several techniques for using the Pringle maneuver in MILR have been described. This review presents various methods which have been reported in the literature. A systematic literature search used the MEDLINE/PubMed database from its earliest records to August 2022 using appropriate search headings and keywords. The primary outcome was identifying techniques for performing hepatic inflow occlusion during laparoscopic/robotic hepatectomy. Inclusion criteria consisted of publications describing technical steps to obtain hepatic inflow occlusion during minimally invasive hepatectomy. A literature search identified 23 relevant publications, and the full texts were examined. The techniques described in the reports can be broadly categorized into three groups: (1) the Rummel-tourniquet technique, (2) vascular clamp use, and (3) the Huang Loop technique. Various techniques have been used in MILR to achieve inflow confinement successfully. The authors prefer the modified Huang Loop technique because it is inexpensive, reliable, and quick to apply or release. Hepatobiliary surgeons are advised to familiarize themselves with these MILR techniques, which have proven effective and safe inflow occlusion.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of different shade selection techniques and determine the matching success of crown restorations fabricated using digital shade selection techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Teeth numbers 11 and 21 were prepared on a typodont model. For the #11 tooth, six different crowns were fabricated with randomly selected colors and set as the target crowns. The following four test groups were established: Group C, where the visual shade selection was performed using the Vita 3D Master Shade Guide and the group served as the control; Group Ph, where the shade selection was performed under the guidance of dental photography; Group S, where the shade selection was performed by measuring the target tooth color using a spectrophotometer; and Group I, where the shade selection was performed by scanning the test specimens and target crowns using an intraoral scanner. Based on the test groups, 24 crowns were fabricated using different shade selection techniques. The ΔE values were calculated according to the CIEDE2000 (2:1:1) formula. The collected data were analyzed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS. For the four test groups (Groups C, Ph, S, and I), the following mean ΔE values were obtained: 2.74, 3.62, 2.13, and 3.5, respectively. No significant differences were found among the test groups. CONCLUSION. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the shade selection techniques, Group S had relatively lower ΔE values. Moreover, according to the test results, the spectrophotometer shade selection technique may provide more successful clinical results.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify the planning techniques of Smart Green City with Ubiquitous method and carbon-neutral city planning techniques and to induce the main planning techniques through the analysis of relative importance and practical adaptation. Method: First of all, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three organization systems and six sectors through literature review and FGI analysis considering the applicability of Ubiquitous service for carbon-neutral city planning techniques. Secondly, based on expert surveys and AHP analysis, the importance of Smart Green City planning techniques was evaluated. Thirdly, using case study, six cases related to Smart Green City were analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques. Lastly, considering the importance of planning techniques and practical aspects, the characteristics of Smart Green City and its implication were estimated. Result: Energy, Resource and Waste and Transportation sector were identified as important sectors for Smart Green City. In addition, 'Construction of Smart Grid', 'System for Utilization of New & Renewable Energy', 'Smart Resource Circulation Management System', 'Establishment of Public Transportation Information System basis', 'Construction of Pedestrian / Bicycle oriented Road Environment' are essential planning techniques to create Smart Green City.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.883-900
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• 2004

As object-oriented development technology that increases extensibility and reusability has been widely spread, it can shorten development period and enhance quality by reusing verified object-oriented artifacts. Thus we can construct high quality component-based system at short time transforming component-based model using verified object-oriented artifacts. In this paper, we propose techniques to transform available object-oriented design model into component-based model using formal specification techniques in order to increase accuracy of transformation. First, formal specification language for component is defined for formal specification of component-based design. And, techniques for formal specification of object-oriented design using Object-Z, a formal specification language, is proposed in structural, functional, and dynamic aspects. Next, we present techniques for transforming formal specification of object-oriented design into formal specification of component-based design. Through a case study we apply the proposed transformation techniques and show the transformation process of object-oriented formal specification into component-based formal specification.