• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1414-1418
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• 2009

International construction projects typically manifest difficult, complex, and varied types of risk exposures; because of this, there is a need for accurate evaluation of risk-integrated performances during the timeframe of project execution. Given the financial crisis currently affecting the world economy recession, risk management has become a more crucial part for the success of international project management. However, the majority of risk management approaches, particularly for overseas projects, are focused primarily on simple forms of checklists, formalization of risk variables affecting project performance for a specific phase, or more complicated computational methods that restricting practical utilization in real-world projects; moreover, these methods lack the conceptual basis to broadly visualize the level of risk over all phases of a project. This study suggests an efficient, yet simple risk-integrated total index to successfully assess the risk levels of overseas construction projects. To this end, this paper first investigates the life cycles and key processes of decision-making for a given project and then derives formulas to represent the total risk index (TRI) along the key decision-making processes. In addition, the study examines the relationships between TRI and performance levels based on the analysis of 126 real-world project samples. Validations using the proposed TRI showed a high correlation to project performance, signifying the usefulness of the proposed approach for construction firms when investigating the level of risks and key areas for management focus.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and assess the content validity and internal consistency of a questionnaire on the feasibility of mobile dietary self-monitoring applications. Methods: We developed a feasibility questionnaire to assess the overall usage, convenience, usefulness, and satisfaction of mobile dietary applications. The initial draft of the questionnaire contained 17 items with yes/no, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions and 52 items on 5-point Likert scales. To validate the content, ten experts evaluated the relevance of the items for each subscale using a 5-point scale. We calculated the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI). A total of 102 adults answered the questionnaires which reflected the experts' reviews. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying structure of responses and categorized convenience, usefulness, and satisfaction. We also calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient to examine the internal consistency of items in each subscale. Results: The S-CVI score of the items was 0.86, and we removed items with an I-CVI score of < 0.80. We combined, revised, or separated some remaining items and added one item as per the experts' comments. As a result, we included 16 items about overall usage and 42 sub-questions. Based on the responses of the 102 adults, we performed exploratory factor analysis using the principal axis method. We retained items with a factor loading of > 0.40, resulting in a final set of 35 questions (convenience: 15, usefulness: 12, satisfaction: 8 items). The Cronbach's alpha values of the three scales were 0.93, 0.91, and 0.91 for 1) usefulness, 2) convenience, and 3) satisfaction, respectively. Conclusions: We developed a feasibility questionnaire for mobile dietary self-monitoring applications and examined its content validity and internal consistency. Our questionnaire has the potential to measure the feasibility of mobile dietary self-monitoring applications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8759-8763
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• 2014

Background: Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of disease encompassing divergent tumor types with contrasting clinical behaviors. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Ki67 index in segregating indolent from aggressive NHL and its association with clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: During a study period of 4.5 years, a total of 215 cases of lymphomas were diagnosed among of which 172 cases were NHL. Ki67 immunohistochemical staining was performed by the DAKO envision method. Average proportion of tumor cells stained was calculated to determine the proliferative index. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 46.2 years +19.8 (3-81) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Mean Ki67 index for indolent NHL included 23% for small cell, 25% for mantle cell, 28.5% for marginal zone and 34.6% for follicular lymphoma. On the other hand, mean Ki67 index for aggressive lymphomas were 66.4%, 66.9%, 80.3%, 83.3% and 94.4% for diffuse large B cell, T cell (NOS), anaplastic large cell, lymphoblastic and burkitts lymphoma respectively. No significant correlation was found between Ki67 index and other clinical parameters like age and extra nodal involvement. Conclusions: Ki67 index is a valuable IHC marker to distinguish indolent from aggressive lymphomas especially in small needle biopsies where exact typing may not be possible.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2008

Statistical analysis of the coordinate information is regarded as one of the major GIS functions. Among them, one of the most fundamental analysis is density analysis of point features. For analyzing the density appropriately, determining the search radius, kernel radius, has critical importance. In this study, using L-index, known as its usefulness for choosing the kernel radius in previous researches, radius for density analysis of various point features are estimated, and the behavior of L-index is studied based on the estimated results. As results, L-index is not suitable to determine the search radius for the point features that are evenly distributed with small clusters, because the pattern of the L-index is depends on the size of the study area. But for the point features with small number of highly clustered areas, L-index is suitable, because the pattern of the L-index is not affected by the size of study area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

This study was to evaluate the usefulness through the comparison of patients group and healthy control group by acquiring a variety of functional parameters index from time-activity curves of salivary gland scan using 99mTc-pertechnetate. From December 2014 to February 2015, had the targets of 30 patients with dry mouth and 10 people in healthy control group underwent the salivary gland scan. After intravenous injection of 370 MBq of 99mTc-pertechnetate, Vitamin C powder stimulation was administerd orally at 20 min and then 10 minutes were taken scan. The method of quantitative analysis was as follows, the time-activity curve was drawn after the parotid gland and submandible gland were prescribed as a region of interest, a variety of function parameters index was obtained in each position of the curve, and the patients group and the control group were compared. As for the methods applied in comparison and measurement, uptake ratio (UR), time at maximum counts (Tmax), time at minimum counts (Tmin), maximum accumulation (MA), accumulation velocity, maximum secretion (MS), maximum stimulation secretion (MSS), and secretion velocity (SV) were used. In the comparison of functional parameters index of patient group and normal group, the healthy normal group showed significant difference compared to the patient group in all indices except for the minimum radioactivity time (Tmin), and also in terms of variation over time the normal group showed significant difference compared to the patient group (p<0.05). Consequently, it was considered that the quantitative analysis that used a variety of function parameters index would be useful for evaluating the function of the salivary glands of the patients with dry mouth as an objective and standardized information.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2003

To evaluate the usefulness if functional MR imaging(MRI) for the determination of language dominance system and to assess differences in the visual and auditory instrument language generation task according to activation task or activated area. Functional maps of the language area were obtained during visual and auditory instructions in word generation tasks in 6 healthy volunteer with right-handness were examined on a 1.5T scanner and the EPI BOLD technique, and three pulse sequence technique get of the true axial planes. Both task consisted of 96 phases including 6 activations and rests contents. Postprocessing were done on MRDx program by using cross correlation method. Two task compare the blain activation area surveyed of 1anguage lateralization index. To evaluated of the detection rates of Broca. Wernicke, pre-frontal lobe, Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) and pre-motor cortex areas and the differences of language lateraliaztion among two word generation task To lateralization index survey in 1anguage area on right and left in brain get to activation area pixel in brain. Compared to visual and auditory instrument task in the language areas get to the lateralization index. Two language generation task high detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas. The visual instruction no detected in the auditory area, and auditory instruction no detected in the visual area. There was statistics significant different of them among language generation task. 1'his indicated that language area obtained image of the brain functional MR imaging usefulness in the visual and auditory task instrument.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1977

In the description and design of certain kinds of sequential machines, we often meet inadequacies of traditional models we adopt to use. To Lessen these inconveniencies, this paper aims to define polymachine as a new basic model of sequential machine. Polymachine, defind on the level of state model, is composed of an index which is and independent componet and a polymer which, as a dependent component, consists of many element machines. In the meantime, some basic characters of the machine are illustrated and discussed in detail, in order to present the usefulness of polymachine.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.478-484
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• 1990

An automatic tuning method of a PID controller which is used for single input single output processes is proposed. In the proposed tuning method, the frequency response data model is adopted along with the performance index which is an integral of time weighted square error between reference model and process frequency response data model for tuning. This method is easier to retune when either the process dynamics is changed or the reference model is changed. Finally, an example is provided to show the usefulness of the method.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

In this study, we used marine environment assessment indices to evaluate impacts of various development projects on the marine environment. TheWaterQuality Index (WQI) was applied in the field of marine water quality and the Cleanup Index of Harmful Chemicals (CIHC), the Cleanup Index of Eutrophication (CIET), the Enrichment Factor(EF) were used in the field of marine sediment. In the field of marine benthic organisms, the Benthic Health Index (BHI) and the Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) were utilized. Each assessment index was calculated using the data observed in the development project, and its characteristics and usefulness were evaluated. The assessment method and criteria were clearly defined for WQI, CIHC, and BHI. Furthermore, through these indices, an integrated environment impact analysis was possible. Apart from the indices presented in this study, there are various indices that can be used for evaluating the marine environment. Therefore, it is important to utilize appropriate indices according to the characteristics of each project.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1198-1205
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• 1999

This study is focused on the reliability evaluation for distribution system based on deterministic evaluation technique. Average failure rates, average outage time, and average annual outage time of electrical parts and load points are calculated through network reduction method and failure mode & effective analysis method. And reliability indices of distribution system are calculated. Finally, by employing analytic hierarchy process method, unique index which evaluates and improves the distribution system is calculated. As a result, finding weak points and expansion schedule of the system is possible. The usefulness of this method is verified by applying it to the Inchon International Airport.