• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

There are many software reliability models that are based on the times of occurrences of errors in the debugging of software. It is shown that it is possible to do asymptotic likelihood inference for software reliability models based on infinite failure model and non-homogeneous Poisson Processes (NHPP). For someone making a decision about when to market software, the conditional failure rate is an important variables. The finite failure model are used in a wide variety of practical situations. Their use in characterization problems, detection of outliers, linear estimation, study of system reliability, life-testing, survival analysis, data compression and many other fields can be seen from the many study. Statistical Process Control (SPC) can monitor the forecasting of software failure and there by contribute significantly to the improvement of software reliability. Control charts are widely used for software process control in the software industry. In this paper, we proposed a control mechanism based on NHPP using mean value function of log Poission, log-linear and Parto distribution.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2015

There are many software reliability models that are based on the times of occurrences of errors in the debugging of software. It is shown that it is possible to do likelihood inference for software reliability models based on finite failure model and non-homogeneous Poisson Processes (NHPP). For someone making a decision about when to market software, the conditional failure rate is an important variables. The infinite failure model are used in a wide variety of practical situations. Their use in characterization problems, detection of outlier, linear estimation, study of system reliability, life-testing, survival analysis, data compression and many other fields can be seen from the many study. Statistical process control (SPC) can monitor the forecasting of software failure and thereby contribute significantly to the improvement of software reliability. Control charts are widely used for software process control in the software industry. In this paper, proposed a control mechanism based on NHPP using mean value function of Musa-Okumo and Power law type property.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.841-852
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• 2010

An integrated process control (IPC) procedure is a scheme which simultaneously applies the engineering control procedure (EPC) and statistical control procedure (SPC) techniques to reduce the variation of a process. In the IPC procedure, the observed deviations are monitored during the process where adjustments are repeatedly done by its controller. Because the effects of the noise, the special cause, and the adjustment are mixed, the use and properties of the SPC procedure for the out-of-control process are complicated. This paper considers efficiency of EWMA charts for detecting special causes in an ARMA(1,1) noise model with a minimum mean squared error adjustment policy. And we propose the readjustment procedure after having a true signal. This procedure can be considered when the elimination of the special cause is not practically possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

As information technology advances, the penetration of smart devices connected to the Internet, such as smart phone and tablet PC, has rapidly expanded, and as sensor prices have fallen the Internet of Things has begun to be introduced in the industry. Today's industry is rapidly changing and evolving, requiring companies to respond to the new paradigm of business. In this situation, companies need to actively manage and maintain customer relationships in order to acquire loyal customers who bring them a high return. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method to manage customer relationship using real time IoT data including IoT product usage data, customer characteristics and transaction data. This study proposes a method of segmenting customers through RFM analysis and transition index analysis. In addition, a real-time monitoring through control charts is used to identify abnormalities in product use and suggest ways of differentiating marketing for each group. In the study, 44 samples were classified as 9 churn customers, 10 potential customers, and 25 active customers. This study suggested ways to induce active customers by providing after-sales benefit for product reuse to a group of churn customers and to promote the advantages or necessity of using the product by setting the goal of increasing the frequency of use to a group of potential customers. Finally, since the active customer group is a loyal customer, this study proposed an one-on-one marketing to improve product satisfaction.

• Neurospine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2018

Objective: Postoperative dynamic cryo-compression (DC) therapy has been proposed as a method of reducing pain and the inflammatory response in the early postoperative period after orthopedic joint reconstruction surgery. Our aim was to analyze the analgesic efficacy of DC therapy after adult lumbar spinal surgery. Methods: DC was applied for 30 minutes every 6 hours after surgery. Pain was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) in the preoperative period, immediately after surgery, and every 6 hours postoperatively for the first 72 hours of the hospital stay. Patients' pain medication requirements were monitored using the patient-controlled analgesia system and patient charts. Twenty patients who received DC therapy were compared to 20 historical controls who were matched for demographic and surgical variables. Results: In the postanesthesia care unit, the mean VAS back pain score was $5.87{\pm}0.9$ in the DC group and $6.95{\pm}1.0$ (p=0.001) in the control group. The corresponding mean VAS scores for the DC vs. control groups were $3.8{\pm}1.1$ vs. $5.4{\pm}0.7$ (p < 0.001) at 6 hours postoperatively, and $2.7{\pm}0.7$ vs. $6.25{\pm}0.9$ (p<0.001) at discharge, respectively. The cumulative mean analgesic consumption of paracetamol, tenoxicam, and tramadol in the DC group vs. control group was $3,733.3{\pm}562.7mg$ vs. $4,633.3{\pm}693.5mg$ (p<0.005), $53.3{\pm}19.5mg$ vs. $85.3{\pm}33.4mg$ (p<0.005), and $63.3{\pm}83.4mg$ vs. $393.3{\pm}79.9mg$ (p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a positive association between the use of DC therapy and accelerated improvement in patients during early rehabilitation after adult spine surgery compared to patients who were treated with painkillers only.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6109-6114
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• 2013

Aim: To determine whether beta-blockers (BBs) improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The medical charts of 107 patients with metastatic NSCLC were retrospectively assessed. Thirty-five patients (BB group) using BBs during chemotherapy (CT) were compared with 72 controls [control=(C) group] who did not use BBs following the diagnosis of NSCLC. The histological tumor subtype, performance status (ECOG), age, gender, smoking status, comorbidities, other medications and chemotherapeutics that were received in any line of treatment were recorded. We compared the overall survival (OS) of the patients in the BB and C groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 61 years (range 42-81 years) and all patients were administered CT. The BB group was more likely to have HT and IHD and was more likely to use RAS blockers (p<0.01 for all) compared with the C group, as expected. The mean follow-up time was 17.8 months (range 1-102 months) for the entire group. The most commonly prescribed BB agent was metoprolol (80% of cases). At the time of the analysis, 74 (69%) of all patients had died. In the univariate analysis the median overall survival (OS) was 19.25 (${\pm}2.87$) months (95%CI: 13.62-24.88) in the BB group and 13.20 (${\pm}2.37$) months (95%CI: 8.55-17.85) in the C group (p=0.017). However, the benefit of BBs on survival disappeared in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The use of BBs during CT may be associated with an improved OS for patients with metastatic NSCLC.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.270-277
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• 2023

Objectives: Concha cartilage is recommended for correction of cleft nasal deformities. Morbidities at the donor site have been reported in esthetic rhinoplasty cases. Reports on cleft patients are limited, so we investigated the complications of concha cartilage harvesting using the retroauricular approach in cleft rhinoplasty and their management. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of the charts of 63 patients with cleft deformities who underwent septorhinoplasty with concha cartilage. All cases were harvested using a retroauricular approach. Data on patient demographics, surgery type, amount of cartilage harvested, and complications were gathered. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled (21 males and 42 females). The mean age of patients was 20.2±5.9 years. Complications were observed in 6 cases (9.5%) and included delayed wound healing (4.8%), prolonged postoperative pain (1.6%), postoperative paresthesia (1.6%), and prominauris (1.6%). Conclusion: The rate of complications associated with concha cartilage harvesting using a retroauricular approach is low. The use of meticulous surgical techniques, especially hemostasis control and adequate wound dressing, is key to minimizing postoperative complications.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2021

Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the elevated blood glucose levels in the postoperative period are associated with an increased risk of deep wound infection in diabetic individuals undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Methods: Of 2896 patients who underwent lumbar spine operations by one surgeon between 1993 and 2002, 329(11.4%) were diabetics. The rate of deep wound infections in diabetic patients was 6.4%, versus 3.2% for nondiabetics. 152 patients had their operation before implementation of the protocol and 177 after implementation. Charts of the diabetic patients were reviewed. Mean blood glucose levels were calculated from documented results of finger-stick glucometer testing. Results: Twenty-one diabetic patients suffered deep wound infection. Infected diabetic patients had a higher mean blood glucose level through the first 2 postoperative days than noninfected patients($230{\pm}6.9$ versus $175{\pm}3.8mg/dL$; p<0.003) and had a long operation time($216{\pm}57.9$ versus $167.5{\pm}42.2$ minute; p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that mean blood glucose level for the first 2 postoperative days, long operation time, and use of the instrumentation(p<0.02) were all related predictiors of deep wound infection. Institution of a protocol of postoperative continuous intravenous insulin to maintain blood glucose level less than 200mg/dL was began in september 1997. This protocol resulted in a decrease in blood glucose levels for the first 2 postoperative days and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of patients with deep wound infection, from 8.3%(11/132) to 5.1%(10/195) (p<0.02). Conclusion: The incidence of deep wound infection in diabetic patients is reduced after implementation of a protocol to maintain mean blood glucose level less than 200mg/dL in the immediate postoperative period.

• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2005

Throughout history, buildings have been interrelated with certain indigenous characteristics such as regional climate, culture and religions. In particular, the control of regional climate has been primarily a concern for compatibility with nature. In our modern age, technologies to control climate have been successfully developed in architecture but the consumption of large quantities of natural resources can also produce environmental problems. This study is based on the proposition that this negative trend can be minimized with architectural design that is motivated to coexist with a regional climate. This study develops these design strategies for tall office buildings by analyzing various combinations of building design configurations based on regional climates. The objective is to determine the optimum architecture of tall office buildings during the initial design process that will reduce energy consumption for regional climatic conditions. The eQUEST energy simulating program based on DOE-2.2 was used for this comparative analysis study of the energy use in tall office buildings based on architectural design variables and different regional climates. The results are statistically analyzed and presented in functional architectural design decision-making tables and charts. As a result of the comparison of architectural design consideration for tall office buildings in relation to regional climates, buildings physically need less energy consumption when the architecture is concerned with the regional climate and it produces a more reasonable design methodology. In reality, imbalanced planning which is architectural design's lack of regional characteristics requires additional natural resources to maintain desired comfortable indoor conditions. Therefore, the application of integrated architectural design with regional nature should be the first architectural design stage and this research produces the rational. This architectural design language approach must be a starting point to sustaining long-term planning.