• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

Although population of the elderly is increasing rapidly, the older adults are the least users of the Internet in Korea. Prior research suggests that older adults are physically and psychologically disadvantaged when using the Internet. With the existence of the digital divide over different age groups, the objectives of this study were to identify the current status of Internet usage of Korean adults and to suggest some alternatives for solving digital divide on Internet usage. A total of 654 Korean adults, including the elderly, participated in both on-line and off-line (on-site interview) surveys using structured questionnaires. The results of statistical analyses indicated that the gap between the percentages of Internet users in younger and older groups was significantly wide, though many older adults had strong interests of Internet. To reduce this gap on digital divide, with an appropriate help from family and government, several characteristics of the elderly should be considered in designing some age-related web sites. Some effective alternatives suggested in this study may be used as basic data for universal design of Internet-oriented software.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

This study is about the process of change of Korean rural house based on usage of residential space. This paper aims to identify the patterns of change and the characteristics of usage of space, to suggest the planning directions for the desirable rural house. The major findings are summarized as follows : 1) The spatial structure of the rural house has been changed largely, major changes of this are as follows : enlargement of An-bang size, heating of traditional floor, introduction of bathroom and utility room, improvement of kitchen. 2) The satisfaction of the rural house has relation to the lot size and house size. 3) The life style which centered An-bang is changing into the that which centered living room. The number of unused rooms are increased while the family member decreased. 4) The residents have medial degrees of satisfaction at inner space of the rural house. 5) The need of Bu-sok-sa(storage space) as space for the farming machines has been increased. 6) The new strategies for planning the desirable rural house is need to be developed, which include the advantages of traditional rural house, planning techniques of the ego-oriented residential space. effective usage of living space. the formation of the rural village image.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship among self-esteem, optimism, and smart phone addiction of middle school students and examine the variables on smart phone addiction. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 475 middle school students in U city. To analyze the sample survey data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, duncan test and multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences among general characteristics sex, grade, school record, satisfaction with school life, economic state, romantic relationship, the period of smart phone usage, and smart phone usage fee with smart phone addiction. Also, there were significant negative relationships between self-esteem and optimism. Significant factors that affect smart phone addiction in middle school students were sex, self esteem, smart phone usage fee. These variables explained 10.8% of smart phone addiction. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the significant factors of smart phone addiction are sex and self-esteem. This study indicates that it is important to develop self esteem promotion programs that focus on sex trait in order to prevent smart phone addiction on adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.251-267
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• 2018

In this research, a sample was selected from a public library in Paju city, which operates a regional collaborative library system. They collected data on materials, usage, and acquisition. An analysis of book collection data and usage data was also conducted in order to evaluate the correlation between the usage and acquisition by comparing overlap of purchased materials. As a result, circulations and the interlibrary loan (ILL) borrowing requests were differentiated by topics according to targeted materials, and that these characteristics affect the overlap of purchased materials. The study suggested that public libraries in the region collaborative library system need to consider the paradigm of collection and access when purchasing books.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to reveal how the agility of fingers directly involved in the use of mobile phones, a necessity for modern people, is related to the amount of text usage. To find out, 95 people who agreed to the purpose of this research without any limitation on visual and upper-geometry were selected. The research period was from June 27, 2018 to July 31, 2018. The evaluation tool used in this study was Grooved Pegboard, a standardized evaluation tool that measures hand dexterity, and the general characteristics of examinees such as age, text message amount, and a hand that using for text messages were investigated through interviews. Since text input methods vary depending on mobile phone types, unfamiliar methods of typing mobile phone characters can affect the speed of texting. As a result, there were significant differences in hand dexterity between age and gender. The rate of texting and hand dexterity were statistically significantly faster than those in their 20s and 30s (p<0.05), and in gender, women showed significantly faster texting and hand dexterity than men (p<0.05). However, it was not statistically significant to text usage and to the dexterity of the hand.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and analyze the function of a Smart Plug before and after it is applied on the electrical appliances by controlling standby power usage. The research measures and analyzes the amount of electrical energy used while activating the Smart Plug with two types of appliances in a university facilities. The smart plugs were applied into a Group 1 appliances (Multi-function device, computer, laptop, Air con) which completely hinder the standby power, and a Group 2 appliances (Refrigerator, cold and hot water dispenser) which does not completely hinder the standby powers due to the characteristics of the function. First, the total standby power saving of all electrical appliances (Group 1 and Group 2) using the Smart plug was measured as 4.59%. Second, the energy saving of the Group 1 products was analyzed as 26.43%. Third, the standby power saving of the air conditioners from mid October to early December was measured as 31.06%, during the seasons when air conditioning was not actively in use. The research indicates that all specified appliances did have better energy efficiency with the Smart plug regardless of the amount of energy usage.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-191
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• 2017

Academic analytics guides university decision-makers to assign limited resources more effectively. Especially, diverse academic courses clustered by the usage patterns and levels on Learning Management System(LMS) help understanding instructors' pedagogical approach and the integration level of technologies. Further, the clustering results can contribute deciding proper range and levels of financial and technical supports. However, in spite of diverse analytic methodologies, clustering analysis methods often provide different results. The purpose of this study is to present implications by using three different clustering analysis including Gaussian Mixture Model, K-Means clustering, and Hierarchical clustering. As a case, we have clustered academic courses based on the usage levels and patterns of LMS in higher education using those three clustering techniques. In this study, 2,639 courses opened during 2013 fall semester in a large private university located in South Korea were analyzed with 13 observation variables that represent the characteristics of academic courses. The results of analysis show that the strengths and weakness of each clustering analysis and suggest that academic leaders and university staff should look into the usage levels and patterns of LMS with more elaborated view and take an integrated approach with different analytic methods for their strategic decision on development of LMS.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.30
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• pp.35-87
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• 2005

This research explores the empirical confirmation of the Internet development including from the period of innovation to the time of social-cultural use in today. The research focused on how tradition news media rover about the Internet developed from early to today, and understanding the media characteristics on the each stages from news frame. The research Is designed to conduit content analysis from 1989 to 2004, then this research is divided four(4) stages of the Internet development: innovation, diffusion, commercial usage, social-cultural usage. The results shows that there are significant different coverage by the stages. First of all, the news coverage pattern shift from technology focused on early stages to social usage focused on the later stages. This research confirms that the ratio of the seriation(technology) coverage defined when social usage is increased, on the other hand skeumorphs(social usage and content) coverage is increased in the commercial and social usage stages. This coverage pattern among news media does not such a big different and there is no competitive coverage. Moreover, the news coverage shifted from thematic coverage on early stages to episodic coverage while the number of usage increasing. In addition, the tone of coverage has not been changed significantly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1107-1119
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• 2010

Objectivs : The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the use of oral hygiene devices and to improve oral health care continuously by encouraging the use of oral hygiene devices. Methods : The survey was carried out by questionnaire research targeting 395 respondents in metropolitan area in June-August 2009. The collected data is analyzed by statistics program SPSS version 12.0. 1. General characteristics of subjects are analyzed by percentage and descriptive statistics. 2. Recognition about how to use oral hygiene devices, usage of oral hygiene devices, recognition of dental brush usage, Effect after using oral hygiene devices are analyzed by mean difference test(t, F verification). 3. Effect after using oral hygiene devices, relation of oral hygiene devices usage with subjective oral health status, oral hygiene devices usage and participation in education are analyzed by Correlation, Regression analysis. Results : 1. Investigation shows that most oral health devices are rarely used except toothbrush(4.57) in case of the use of oral hygiene devices. 2. In the case of awareness of oral hygiene devices usage, almost everyone knows how to use dental brushes(MEAN 4.16) the most. And the next ones are like these-tooth picks(MEAN 3.38), dental floss(MEAN 3.28), mouth rinse(MEAN 3.24). And they don't know how to use the other oral hygiene devices usage. 3. respondents who use dental floss(${\beta}$=.238, p<.001), interdental brush(${\beta}$=.242, p<.001) and water pik(${\beta}$ =.180, p<.05) recognize that the result and effect after using them are more positive than the others in different case. 4. Respondents who use toothbrush(${\beta}$=.119), dental floss(${\beta}$=.120) and interdental brush(${\beta}$=.136). frequently evaluate their subjective oral health status positively in case of frequency of using oral hygiene devices and subjective oral health status(p<.05). 5. Respondents who use toothbrush and interdental brush properly and frequently, who are older than the others show more concern about participating in education of "How to use oral hygiene devices" than the others(p<.05). Conclusions : In conclusion, to prevent oral disease, the opportunity of participating in education about correct knowledge and proper way should be expanded. And we should contribute to oral health improvement through developing, executing and informing systematic, popular oral health education with active one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.