• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 1996

Ketosis can exist in both clinicla and subclinical forms. Detection of the subclinical form of ketosis by the use of a nitroprusside based test powder gas been shown to be a relatively simple and reliable procedure. Howere, very liffle is known about the indcidence or prevalence of the subclinical ketosis in Korea. In the present study, samples of urine taken from 288 dairy cows in Chonnam area were examined to demonstrate the presence of ketone bodies, using ross test. All the cows were within 4 weeks either before or after parturition. The gerd size was from 10 to more than 100 cows, and the cows did not show any clinical signs of ketosis. Of the 288 cows, 85 (29.5%) were positive to Ross test; of the positive cases 42.4% were +, 44.7% were ++, and the remaining 12.9% were +++. The prevalence increased from 3rd parity, peaked at 6th parity and thereafter decreased. The prevalence was higher after parturition than before parturition, with the highest occurrence during the 2nd week after calving. The prevalence was higher during winter. Also cows kept indoor throughout the year showed higher occurrence of the subclinical ketosis. The subclinical ketosis did not affect the specific gravity of the urine; however, increasing amount of ketone bodies in the urine decreased the pH of urine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2000

Central diabetes insipidus(CDI) results from deficient vasopressin(antidiuretic hormone) secretion and causes polydipsia and polyuria. Its etiologic diagnosis is confirmed with an increase of urine osmolality by administering desmopressin(DDAVP) after water restriction. Because cm is caused by deficiency of vasopressin, up to now, desmopressin, a synthetic analog of vasopressin, has been the drug of choice in the treatment of CDI. However, under such treatment, CDI patients suffer from the continual administration of DDAVP throughout one's life and high cost of the treatment We administrated oriental herb medicine on a cm patient in a state of discontinuance of DDAVP. Prior to the study, brain sella MRI was scanned to exclude germinoma. In addition, urine analysis, serum and urinary osmolality, daily urinary volume, serum electrolyte levels were measured. Chungsimyunjatang was administered for 15 days, and urine analysis, urine osmolality, daily urinary volume, serum Na were measured several times again during the therapy, As a result, urinary frequency increased, serum Na slightly elevated, but specific gravity of urine, urinary osmolality severely decreased and daily urinary volume substantially increased. However, the frequency of DDAVP treatment was reduced from four times per day to once or twice a day with the continual administration of the Chungsimyunja-tang for two months after the discharge.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.202-204
• /
• 2016

A 15-year-old boy, who was diagnosed with Alport syndrome and end-stage renal disease, received a renal transplant from a living-related donor. On postoperative day 1, his daily urine output was 10,000 mL despite normal graft function. His laboratory findings including urine, serum osmolality, and antidiuretic hormone levels showed signs similar to central diabetes insipidus, so he was administered desmopressin acetate nasal spray. After administering the desmopressin, urine specific gravity and osmolality increased abruptly, and daily urine output declined to the normal range. The desmopressin acetate was tapered gradually and discontinued 3 months later. Graft function was good, and urine output was maintained within the normal range without desmopressin 20 months after the transplantation. We present a case of a massive polyuria due to transient deficiency of antidiuretic hormone with the necessity of desmopressin therapy immediately after kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.357-370
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to 1) develop fluid intake enhancing program for the institutionalized elderly and 2) examine the effect of fluid intake enhancing program on amount of daily fluid consumed, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Data were collected from 39 nursing home residents in a nursing home located in urban Chung-chung providence. With a convenient sample of 39 nursing home residents, consecutive three days of 24 hour fluid intake, were measured and recorded. Urine samples were obtained and urine specific gravity, urine color were analyzed at pre-intervention, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks following the intervention. When compared to pre-intervention, the average amount of daily fluid intake was significantly increased at 4 weeks and 6 weeks following the intervention. The proportion of subjects who consumed less than Adequate Intake(AI) was 35.9% at pre-intervention and was decreased to 10.3%, 7.7%. In conclusion, inadequate fluid intake among institutionalized elderly is prevalent. From careful employment of the fluid intake enhancing program, increase in fluid consumption among institutionalized elderly can be expected.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2021

Urethral obstruction is a life-threatening feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The rate of recurring urethral obstruction was 14.8-58.1% after the first occurrence. Ultrasonographic findings associated with reobstruction had been rarely reported although ultrasonography was a valuable technique for diagnosing urinary bladder calculi and distinguishing different FLUTD causes. This retrospective study aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profile in cats with FLUTD and determine the associations of reobstruction with ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profile. The present study included 141 cats that were followed up for more than 1 year. The ultrasonographic criteria included the presence of cystolithiasis, urine echogenicity, sediment, suspended linear strand, pericystic effusion, hyperechoic pericystic fat, ureteral dilation, pyelectasia, and perirenal effusion. The urinalysis criteria included hematuria, urine-specific gravity, pH, sediment, and proteinuria. The most common ultrasonographic findings in cats with FLUTD were echogenic urine and sediment. However, this study did not find an association between reobstruction and ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profiles. Thus, an ultrasonographic examination may be insufficient to predict the risk of reobstruction although it is a useful modality for diagnosing FLUTD and making treatment direction.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To date, sodium intake has been evaluated based on spot urine instead of 24-hour (hr) urine collection. Nevertheless, the optimal method for assessing daily sodium intake remains unclear. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen male (age 32.7 ± 6.5 years) participants were offered 3 meals with a total of 9-10 g salt over 24 hours, and 24-hr urine was collected from the second-void urine of the first day to the first-void urine of the second day. Twenty-four-hr urinary sodium (24UNa) was estimated using Tanaka's equation and the Korean formula, and spot urine Na, potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), specific gravity (SG) and osmolality (Osm) were measured. The ratios of urinary Na to other parameters were calculated, and correlations with total measured 24UNa were identified. RESULTS: Average 24-hr urine volume was 1,403 ± 475 mL, and measured 24UNa was 143.9 ± 42.1 mEq (range, 87.1-239.4 mEq). Measured 24UNa was significantly correlated with urinary Na/UN (r = 0.560, P < 0.01), urinary Na/Osm (r = 0.510, P < 0.01), urinary Na/Cr (r = 0.392, P < 0.01), urinary Na/K (r = 0.290, P < 0.01), 24UNa estimated using Tanaka's equation (r = 0.452, P < 0.01) and the Korean formula (r = 0.414, P < 0.01), age (r = 0.548, P < 0.01), weight (r = 0.497, P < 0.01), and height (r = 0.393, P < 0.01) in all spot urine samples. Estimated 24UNa based on the second-void spot urine of the first day tended to be more closely correlated with measured 24UNa than were estimates from the other spot urine samples. The significant parameters correlated with the second-void urine of the first day were urinary Na/K (r = 0.647, P < 0.01), urinary Na/Cr (r = 0.558, P < 0.05), and estimated 24UNa using Tanaka's equation (r = 0.616, P < 0.05) and the Korean formula (r = 0.588, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Second-void urine is more reliable than first-void urine for estimating 24UNa. Urinary Na/K in the second-void urine on the first day is significantly correlated with 24UNa. Further studies are needed to establish the most reliable index and the optimal time of urine sampling for predicting 24UNa.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of honey-fried Astragali Radix extract on the nephrotoxicity in rats induced by cyclosporin A(CsA). The experimental rats were divided into three groups of ten. The Normal group was given nothing. The Control group was given only saline water every day for 14 days after the subcutaneous IV injection of 50mg/kg in CsA every other day during a period of 14 days. The sample group was administered 4.8mg/200g of Astragali Radix extract daily for 14 days after the subcutaneous IV injection of 50mg/kg in CsA every other day for 14 days. These groups were observed for 14 days. This experimental research focused on measuring the levels of BUN, creatinine, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, AST and ALT in the serum and specific gravity and creatinine in the urine. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Changes in serum The levels of BUN, creatinine. AST and ALT in the serum were significantly decreased in the sample group as compared with those of the control group. Total Protein level in the serum was significantly increased in the sample group as compared with that of the control group. Sodium and Potassium levels in the serum in the sample group were a little lower than those of the control group but no significance was noted. The chloride level in the serum in the sample group significantly increased as compared with that of the control group on the 7th day but in the sample group was significantly decreased as compared with that of the control group on the 14th day 2. Changes in urine Urinary specific gravity in the sample group showed significant increase, compared to the control group on the 7th day but were a little higher than that of the control group on the 14th day. Creatinine level in the urine were a little higher than that of the control group but no significance was found. These results suggest that honey-fried Astragali Radix might be effective on the nephrotoxicity in rats caused by CsA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1989

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heat exposure on water metabolism and the passage of indigestible particles in sheep. Water intake, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and pH of ruminal fluid and urine were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the hot environment ($32\;^{\circ}C$) than in the control environment ($20\;^{\circ}C$). Urine osmolality and blood volume were increased, while glomerular filtration rate was decreased, in the hot environment. The liquid flow rate from reticulo-rumen and the excretion of indigestible particles of specific gravity 0.99 (but not 1.27 or 1.38) were increased in the hot environment. From these findings, it is suggested that an increased water intake evoked by heat exposure might affect the flow rate of digesta in sheep.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 1997

An 8-year old castrated domestic long-hair cat was presented with a two week history of abdominal distension. Physical examination revealed a non-painful, fluctuant, palpable mass in the right craniodorsal abdomen, and unilaterally muffled heart sounds on the right thorax. Routine clinico-pathological values were unremarkable apart from mild azotemia with a concurrent urine specific gravity of 1.031, which reflect a degree of renal dysfunction. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations of the thorax revealed the cardiac enlargement to be due to the congenital peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia with liver occupying the right half of the pericardial sac. There was also a mild gypertrophy of the heart. Radiography and ultrasonography of the abdomen showed the mass to be composed of a large fluid filled cystic structures surrounding the right and left kidneys, and the kidneys themselves were of increased echogenecity. A diagnosis of perinephric pseudocysts was made. The patient responded well to the surgical procedures. Perinephric pseudocysts and peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in the cat are rare, and a case is described and the literature is reviewed in this report.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 2004

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of DFA IV, a new candidate of nutraceutical which has preventive effect on anemia and osteoporosis. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test article were administered once by gavage to rats at dose level of 0, 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. No dead animal, abnormal sign and abnormal necropsy finding was found in control and treated groups. Thus the approximate lethal dose of DFA IV was considered to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg in rats. In four week repeated dose oral toxicity study, the test article was administered once daily by gavage to rats at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg. No abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, hematological findings, necropsy findings, organ weights and histopathological findings. In urinalysis, specific gravity was increased in 2,000 mg/kg groups of male rats. In serum biochemical analysis, creatine phosphokinase was increased in all treatment groups of male rats. These increases in urine specific gravity and serum creatine phosphokinase activity were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, four week repeated oral dose of DFA IV to rats did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 500, 1,000 or 2000 mg/kg body weight. Thus it is suggested that no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of DFA IV in rats would be 2,000 mg/kg/day body weight.