• Title/Summary/Keyword: Urine pH

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Effect of pH and Osmolarity on the Sperm Motility (pH와 삼투압 변화가 정자운동성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Kim, Sae-Chul
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1993
  • To maintain a good sperm motility is one of the key factors for the successful artificial insemination in retrograde ejaculation, and the sperm motility has been shown to be affected by various environmental factors, including change in pH and osmolarity. Herein we have analyzed the effect of change in pH and osmolarity in urine and normal saline on sperm motility by Sperm Quality Analyzer and Makler counting chamber. Semen, which sampled by masturbation from a 28 year old male and showed normal finding on semen analysis, was used for this study. The results were as follows: 1. When osmolarity was fixed to 300mOsm, pH did not show a definite effect on the sperm moility. However, the motility was generally a bit better in alkaline urine and saline than in acid, particularly than in pH 5.0. 2. When pH was fixed to 7.5, sperm motility was best in urine and saline of 300mOsm. Hyperosmolarity had more adverse.effect on the motility than hypoosmolarity. 3. The sperm motility was worse in the urine than in saline under the same pH and osmolarity. In conclusion, osmolarity has a definite effect on sperm motility, where as pH has relatively little effect. And certain components of urine other than pH and osmolarity might affect the sperm motility.

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Demonstration of constant nitrogen and energy amounts in pig urine under acidic conditions at room temperature and determination of the minimum amount of hydrochloric acid required for nitrogen preservation in pig urine

  • Jongkeon Kim;Bokyung Hong;Myung Ja Lee;Beob Gyun Kim
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.492-497
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    • 2023
  • Objective: The objectives were to demonstrate that the nitrogen and energy in pig urine supplemented with hydrochloric acid (HCl) are not volatilized and to determine the minimum amount of HCl required for nitrogen preservation from pig urine. Methods: In Exp. 1, urine samples of 3.0 L each with 5 different nitrogen concentrations were divided into 2 groups: 1.5 L of urine added with i) 100 mL of distilled water or ii) 100 mL of 6 N HCl. The urine in open plastic containers was placed on a laboratory table at room temperature for 10 d. The weight, nitrogen concentration, and gross energy concentration of the urine samples were determined every 2 d. In Exp. 2, three urine samples with different nitrogen concentrations were added with different amounts of 6 N HCl to obtain varying pH values. All urine samples were placed on a laboratory table for 5 d followed by nitrogen analysis. Results: Nitrogen amounts in urine supplemented with distilled water decreased linearly with time, whereas those supplemented with 6 N HCl remained constant. Based on the linear broken-line analysis, nitrogen was not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 (standard error = 0.71 and p<0.01). In Exp. 3, an equation for determining the amount of 6 N HCl to preserve nitrogen in pig urine was developed: additional 6 N HCl (mL) to 100 mL of urine = 3.83×nitrogen in urine (g/100 mL)+0.71 with R2 = 0.96 and p<0.01. If 62.7 g/d of nitrogen is excreted, at least 240 mL of 6 N HCl should be added to the urine collection container. Conclusion: Nitrogen in pig urine is not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 at room temperature and the amount of 6 N HCl required for nitrogen preservation may be up to 240 mL per day for a 110-kg pig depending on urinary nitrogen excretion.

Detection of residual antibiotics by TLC and EEC-4 plate method in slaughtered pigs (도축돈에서 TLC와 EEC-4 plate법을 이용한 항생물질 잔류조사)

  • 권오성;김순태;김영욱;손재권
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.313-321
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    • 1997
  • The antibiotic residues of the urine, the liver, the lung, the kidney and the spleen in slaughtered pigs at Kyongbuk province were detected by TLC(505 kit) and EEC-4 plate method. 1. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by 505 kit in the urine (n=200) was 0.0%. 2. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by EEC-4 plate in the urine (n=126), the liver(n=98), the kidney(n=72), the spleen (n=68) and the lung(n=48) were 63%, 49%, 36%, 34% and 24%, respectively. 3. By EEC-4 plate method, the positive detection rates of the urine were 53.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 29.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 11.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 13.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium, that of the liver 41.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 22.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 6.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 5.0%, in ML (pH 8.0) medium, that of the lung 21.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 9.5%, in BS(pH 7.2) and 8.5% in BS(pH 8.0) medium, and that of the kidney 31.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 14.5% in BS(pH 7.2), 20.0% in BS(pH 8.0) and 3.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium. In the spleen, only in BS(pH 6.0) medium the positive rate was detected as 33.5 %. 4. The positive rates of samples which shown TLC-positive detected by EEC-4 plate method were 53.9% in no band, 77.8% in one band, 80.9% in two bands, 66.7% in three bands, respectively. In conclusion, the EEC-4 plate method could be applied for the detection of residual antibiotics in samples which shown as out of standard Rf values by TLC-method (SOS kit).

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Studies on Placental Chorionic Gonadotropin (태반성성선자극(胎盤性性腺刺戟)홀몬에 관(關)한 검토(檢討))

  • Park, Wan-Hee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.65-69
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    • 1975
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone(H.C.G.) is secreted from the villus tissues of the placenta and excreted in lange amount into the urine. Its isolation is chiefly made from the urine of a pregnant woman. Recently, Matsushima attempted isolation of H.C.G. directly from the placenta itself. In order to prepare H.C.G. from human placenta, general method of extractiag and purifying proteins was applied. Its way was as follow: Crude H.C.G. was extracted from placenta with pH 9.0 and pH 5.0 aqua ammonia, and purified with pH 8.0 ammonia and 50% ethanol at pH 4.8. The purified H.C.G. showed two moving bands on the anode by paper electrophoresis. On the other hand, the H.C.G. from pregnancy urine (Standard. Pharm. Co.) showed same two bands but their moving ratio were different. The purified H.C.G. showed gonadotropin effect when it was injected young fomale rats 40r/cc per day for 5 days and weighted the increased ovary weight.

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Studies on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis of Chromium in Urine by Trioctylamine (Trioctylamine을 이용한 뇨중 크롬의 원자흡수 분광분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Suk Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.214-220
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    • 1991
  • As chromium in urine remains as oxychromic acid ions, chromium was extracted by using ion pair formed by anion exchanger trioctylamine. then after it is noted whether this TOA-MIBK method is effective or not for the chromium analysis by using flame method of Atomic absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis. The result is as following. 1. Effects of various acids on the extraction of Cr with MIBK including TOA are good in order $NHO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, HCl in distilled water sample and its proper concentration of HCl is 0.2 N. 2. For the analysis of urine sample, the best result can be achieved by following condition. After finished pretreatment adjusted to pH 6.5-7.5 by NaOH and again controlled pH 0.5-0.6 by HCl. 3. Though TOA concentration slightly affects the analytic value, best result is noted in 1-3% concentration. 4. Recovery rates of urine samples made by $0.3mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $0.6mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $0.9mg/l{\cdot}urine$ are shown from 96.7% to 104.8%. 5. Recovery rates of urine samples made by $0.01mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $10.03mg/{\cdot}urine$, $0.05mg/l{\cdot}urine$ are shown from 89.3% to 98.6%.

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Spectrofluometry of sulfonamides using fluorescamine (Fluorescamine을 이용한 sulfonamide의 형광 분석법)

  • Lim, Jae-young;Han, Su-nam;Lee, Mun-han;Park, Jong-myung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 1990
  • These experiments were carried out to develop a novel, simple, and rapid method to determine urinary sulfonamides using fluorescamine by spectrofluorometry. To get optimal conditions for the sulfonamide-fluorescamine reaction, sulfonamides such as sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine, dissolved in buffers with various pH ranges were reacted with various concentrations of fluorescamine. and then, the fluorescence intensity and stability of the fluorophore were measured. To eliminate the interfering substances in urine, the fluorophore in buffers and urine with a definite pH range was extracted with some organic solvents. After then the fluorescence intensity was measured in organic and aquous phases. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The maximal fluorescence of sulfonamides was presented in acidic state, pH 4.5~5.0, at 30 minutes after reaction. 2. The optimal concentration ratio of sulfamethazine and ffuorescamine was more than 1 : 40 in mole. 3. In pH 4.0, the intensity was maximal but was time-dependent, whereas in pH 8.0, the intensity was time-independent. 4. Sulfamethazine-fluorescamine conjugate could be dissolved in some of organic solvents in acidic state such as chloroform, n-butanol, and ethylacetate. 5. Sulfamethazine-flnorescamine conjugate in swine urine coule be extracted with ethylacetate in acidic state, pH 4.0~5.0.

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RENAL REGULATION OF UREA EXCRETION DURING UREA INFUSION IN ACUTE HEAT EXPOSED BUFFALOES

  • Chaiyabutr, N.;Buranakarl, C.;Loypetjra, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 1992
  • Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$) showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, plasma constituents and renal hemodymics during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased while the renal urea reabsorption markedly increased during urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the rate of urine flow and urine pH. In animals exposed to heat ($40^{\circ}C$) the rectal temperature heart rate and respiratory rate significantly increased while no significant changes in GFR and ERPF were observed. An intravenous infusion of urea in heat exposed animals caused the reduction of the rate of urine flow with no changes in renal urea reabsorption, urine pH and fractional electrolyte excretions. During heat exposure, there were marked increases in concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma creatinine whereas plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration significantly decreased. It is concluded that an increase in renal urea reabsorption during urea infusion in buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature depends on the rate of urine flow which affect by an osmotic diuretic effect of electrolytes. The limitation of renal urea reabsorption in heat stressed animals would be attributed to an increases in either plasma pool size of nitrogenous substance or body metabolism.

Analysis of Matrine Alkaloids in Human Urine by Hollow Fiber Liquid-phase Microextraction with High-performance Liquid Chromatography (고성능 액체 크로마토그래피의 중공섬유 액상 미세추출에 의한 인간뇨의 Matrine Alkaloids의 분석)

  • Han, Dan-Dan;Row, Kyung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.38-42
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    • 2010
  • A sensitive quantitative method for the determination of matrine alkaloids in human urine was developed based on hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) combined with HPLC. The influence of the different factors on the HF-LPME efficiency including the pH and ion strength of the donar solution, the pH of the acceptor solution, stirring rate and extraction time were examined. The best HF-LPME conditions were as follows: 1-octanol impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber, 100 mmol/L of $H_3PO_4$ at pH 1.50 as the acceptor solution injected into the lumen of the hollow fiber, 1 mol/L NaOH used to adjust the pH of the donor solution, stirring rate of 600 rpm and extraction time of 60 min. The LPME method was applied successfully to the analysis of matrine and sophocarpine in real urine samples.

A Study on Removal of Organic Matter and Chromaticity from Urine Using Chemical Oxidization Process (화학적 산화공정을 이용하여 소변의 색도 및 유기물 처리를 통한 재이용 기술 연구)

  • Shin, Sung-Hoon;Jung, Jong-Tai;Cho, Yong-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to solve the water shortage problem by reclaiming urine from homes or public places and using it as cleaning water for toilets. The process used in this experiment is a chemical oxidation process combining ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and UV. We set the key substance that is to be removed as chromaticity and conducted the experiment to remove it. If the quantity or concentration of injected ozone, UV, and hydrogen peroxide is insufficient, then the chromaticity will initially increase due to low oxidizing power, and will later decrease. In addition, the efficiency of removing chromaticity appeared to be higher, depending on the quantity of ozone injected, for medium concentrated urine than highly concentrated urine. However, the absolute quantity of removed chromaticity was about 68% higher for highly concentrated urine, when 16 g/hr of ozone was injected. The higher the pH level, the reaction time and efficiency of removing chromaticity were higher, and in normal conditions, in reference to a pH of 8.55, there was a 6% difference in efficiency between a pH level of 5.05 and a pH level of 10.12. Finally, when processing urine through an ozone-only process, COD decreased steadily over time, but DOC did not decrease. This is because ozone reacts selectively with organic matter.

Association between Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome, Serum Uric Acid, and Urine pH in University Students (대학생의 대사증후군 위험요인과 혈청 요산 및 소변 내 산도와의 관련성)

  • Lee, Jinhwa;Park, Hyunju
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.237-246
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: A few Korean studies have reported that low urine acidity and hyperuricemia are related to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between urine pH, serum Uric Acid (UA), and metabolic risk factors in university students. Methods: Data were obtained from student health examinations in one university. Participants were 3,412 male and 4,214 female students. Descriptive statistics, t-test, logistic regressions and multiple logistic regression using SPSS version 18.0 were performed. Results: No significant relationship was found between metabolic risk factors and urine pH. From the univariate analysis, serum UA was significantly higher in obese ($BMI{\geq}25$), elevated blood pressure ($SBP{\geq}130$ and $DBP{\geq}85$), and higher triglyceride (${\geq}150$) groups for males and in obese, higher triglyceride and fasting blood sugar (${\geq}100$), and lower HDL-cholesterol (<50) groups for females. From the results of multivariate analysis, age, BMI, and triglyceride were significantly related to serum UA in males, BMI and HDL-cholesterol were significantly related to serum UA in females. Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between urinary pH and metabolic risk factors, significant associations between some of the metabolic risk factors and serum UA were found in the young adult population. Further studies are required to know the exact pathway between serum UA and metabolic syndrome.