• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1985

1983년 5월 28일 개원 이래 1985년 9월 30일까지 2년 4개월 동안 본 영남대학교 의과대학 부속영원 산부인과에 입원 가료한 바 있는 자궁외임신 88예를 대상으로 하여 임상적으로 조사, 관찰, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다 1. 자궁외임신의 분만수에 대한 반도는 1 : 22.2였다. 2. 빈발연령은 30~34세가 38.6%로 가장 많았으며, 25~34세는 67%였다 3. 분만횟수와 임신중절 횟수가 증가할수록 자궁외임신의 빈도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 기왕력은 골반염이 25%, 복강경 불임술이 13.7%였으며 반복 자궁외임신은 6.8%였다. 5. 주요증상은 하복부 동통이 85.2%, 질출혈이 56.8%였으여 Shock증상은 3.4%였다. 6. 입원 당시 혈색소치는 8gm% 이하인 경우가 6.8%, 10gm% 이하가 37.5%였으며 복강내 출혈은 1,000ml 이하가 53.4%였으며 2,000ml 이상이 22.8%였다. 7. 뇨 임신반응검사의 양성율은 파열군 (78%) 및 유산군 (63.3%)이 무상군 (54.5%)에 비해 높았으나 통계적인 의의는 없었다. 8. 더글라스씨와 천자의 양성율은 75.9%였다. 9. 임신주수별로는 6~9 주 사이가 48.9%로 가장 많았고 12주 이상이 15.9%였다. 10. 착상부위별로는 난관이 96.6%로서 그 중 팽대부가 60.2%, 협부 23.9%, 난관채부 9.1%, 간질부 3.4%였다. 11. 조사기간 동안 내원한 자궁외임신 88예중 사망한 예는 없었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1988

요소는 박테리아가 가지고 있는 urease에 의해 2분자의 $NH_3$와 1분자의 $CO_2$ 기체를 생성한다. Proteus vulgaris를 $NH_3\;와\;CO_2$ 기체 감응전극에 고정시켜 박테리아 전극을 조립하고, pH, 온도, 완충용액, 박테리아(균)의 양 및 여러가지 방해불질의 영향과 전극의 수명등에 관하여 조사하였다. $NH_{3-}$박테리아 전극은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 pH 7.4인 0.05M phosphate완충용액을 사용하였을 때 직선범위는 $7.0{\times}10^{-4}\;-\;3.0{\times}10^{-2}$M 이었고, 감응 기울기는 116.7 mV/decade였다. 한편, $CO_{2-}$박테리아 전극은 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, 0.1M phosphate완충용액을 사용하였을 때 $7.0{\times}10^{-4}\;-\;5. 0{\times}10^{-2}$M내에서 감응 기울기는 $45.4{\sim}45.7mV/decade$로 나타났다. 실제 임상적인 응용으로서 요속에 들어 있는 요소를 정량하고 분광광도법과 비교하였다. 결과적으로 이 전극의 경우는 실험과정이 간단하고 편리하여 신속하게 많은 양의 시료 분석이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

Background: Postoperative fluid retention is a factor that causes delay in recovery and unexpected adverse events. It is important to prevent intraoperative fluid retention, which is putatively caused by intraoperative release of stress hormones, such as ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) or others. We hypothesized that intraoperative analgesia may prevent pathological fluid retention. We retrospectively explored the relationship between analgesics and in-out balance in surgical patients from anesthesia records. Methods: Anesthetic records of 80 patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were checked in this study. Patients were anesthetized with either TIVA (propofol and remifentanil) or inhalational anesthesia (sevoflurane and remifentanil). During surgery, acetated Ringer's solution was infused for maintenance at a rate of 3-5 ml/kg/h at the discretion of the anesthetist. The perioperative parameters, including the amount of crystalloid and colloid infused, and the amount of urine and bleeding were checked. Furthermore, we checked the amount and administration rate of remifentanil during the surgical procedure. The correlation coefficient between the remifentanil dose and the in-out balance or the urinary output was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The contributing factor to fluid retention, including urinary output, was statistically examined by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between remifentanil dose and urinary output. Urinary output less than 0.04 ml/kg/min was suggested to cause positive fluid balance. Although in-out balance approaches zero balance with increase in remifentanil administration rate, no contributing factor for near-zero fluid balance was statistically picked up. The remifentanil administration rate was statistically picked up as the significant factor for higher urinary output (> 0.04 ml/kg/min) (OR, 2,644; 95% CI, 3.2-2.2 × 10⁶) among perioperative parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, remifentanil contributes in maintaining the urinary output during general anesthesia. Although further prospective study is needed to confirm this hypothesis, it was suggested that fluid retention could be avoided through suppressing intraoperative stress response by means of appropriate maintenance of remifentanil infusion rate.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

Objective : Recently scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture. Method : In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, We have observed a bacteriological examination and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment. Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with Scolopendrid aquaacupuncture treatment for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. We analyzed physical reaction(side effect)and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment of mice and 20 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results : In the Blood agar plate and Nutrient agar plate, a bacteriological examination did not show a bacillus. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. Reanl function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Electrolyte were normal range before and after treatment. In the Urine analysis of 20 patients, Leukocyte, Protein, Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 1995

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol, a selective beta-l blocker, were examined for 360 minutes after intravenous bolus administration of metoprolol to 6 dogs. Plasma concentration and excreted amount in the urine metoprolol were measured by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PR interval and heart rate were measured by ECG monitoring. Blood pressure was monitored through intraarterial catheter in femoral artery and cardiac output by thermodilution method using Swan-Ganz catheter. To analyze the effect site concentration-response relationship, plasma concentration and pharmacological effects were simultaneously fitted to a two pharmacokinetic compartment linked to pharmacodynamic model with NONLIN program. Results are as follows. 1) The plasma concentration of metoprolol after intrvenous injection decreased biexponentially. The terminal half-life estimated was $1.33{\pm}0.40$ hours and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and the total body clearance were $1.04{\pm}0.4\;L/kg,\;6.55{\pm}2.21\;L/hr$, respectively. The central compartment volume of distribution and peripheral compartment volume of distribution were $0.35{\pm}0.14L/kg\;and\;0.69{\pm}0.34L/kg$. The renal clearance and intercompartment clearance were $0.53{\pm}0.25\;L/min\;and\;0.35{\pm}0.19\;L/min$. 2) Simulated biophase concentration-response curve shows hyperbolic relationship and the estimated concentration-effect relationship was best explained by Emax model when the prolongation of PR interval and the reduction of the heart rate were used as pharmacodynamic parameters. Emax and EC50 were estimated to be $26.3{\pm}4.7\;msec\;and\;88.8{\pm}82.3\;g/ml$ for PR interval, and $48.7{\pm}18.8\;beats/min\;and\;113.5{\pm}78.7\;ng/ml$ for heart rate, respectively. 3) The changes of cardiac output-effect site concentration relationship was best fitted by a linear model and the slope of the relationship was $0.005{\pm}0.003$. Diastolic blood pressure-effect site concentration relationship was also explained by the linear model and the slope of the relationship was $0.038{\pm}0.034$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-113
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• 1994

Pentastarch is a new synthetic hydroxyethyl starch similar to hetastarch. We report on the clinical comparisons the clinical efficacy and safety of 10% pentastarch in prime solutions for CPB in cardiac operations with that of 20% serum albumin. During CPB, group P [n = 20] received 500ml of 10% pentastarch and group A [n = 20] received 100ml of 20% albumin in prime solutions The postoperative time of ICU stay in group P and the day and amount of chest drain, hospital stay in group A were longer [p<0.05]. Fresh whole blood and PRBC were added only in group A and a higher amount of hartman solution was added in group A during CPB [p<0.05]. Prothrombin time was prolonged preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively in group A and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05] but there were no significant differences in bleeding time or fibrinogen level. Platelet count was higher immediately postoperatively in group A and preoperatively and 1, 2, and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05].Total protein and albumin level were higher 1 day postoperatively in group A and 2 and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. BUN was increased 2 days postoperatively in group A and Cr was increased 1 day postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. CPK was higher preoperatively and 1, 2, and 7 days postoperatively in group A and plasma hemoglobin level was also higher 2 and 7 days postoperatively in group A [p<0.05]. There were no significant differences in arterial blood gas analysis but higher pO2 and lower pCO2 levels were maintained in group P and ejection fraction was higher 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. Both groups were improved postoperatively in NYHA class and the hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, CO, CI, SV, LVSWI were well maintained in group P [p<0.05]. The amount of blood products used was higher in group A and urine output was higher immediately postoperatively in group A and 1, 2 days postoperatively in group P and the chest output was higher in group A. The complications were developed in 7 patients in group A and 5 patients in group P and mortality was not present in both groups.In conclusion, 10% pentastarch is as safe and effective as 20% albumin in prime solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac operations.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2016

The effects of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) extract on markers of osteoporosis were examined in ovariectomized rats. We classified 26 rats into five groups and provided a pellet chow diet and tap water throughout the 27-wk experimental period. During the last 15 wk, we added oral injections to each group as follows: sham-operated (SHAM, n=4) and ovariectomized-control (OVX, n=5) with distilled water, alendronate with 10 mg/kg/d of alendronate sodium (ALEN, n=5), CT (CT100, n=6) with 100 mg/kg/d of CT, and CT (CT300, n=6) with 300 mg/kg/d of CT. After the experimental period, blood, urine, and micro-CT images were assessed. The CT100 and OVX groups did not show any significant differences in urinary n-terminal telopeptide (NTx) (p<0.05 ), but with increases in CT concentration, the NTx level was slightly reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly higher in the CT groups than in all other groups (p<0.05 ). Notably, the serum calcium levels of all groups were within the normal range, but urinary calcium levels in the CT groups were significantly lower than the OVX group (p<0.05 ). In addition, the CT groups exhibited higher trabecular BMD than the OVX groups while showing similar BMD to the ALEN group (p<0.05 ). The Tb.Th of the ALEN group was lower than all other groups. Based on the overall analysis of results, CT prevented bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Although alendronate showed a similar effect in preventing bone loss, it did so by solely inhibiting bone resorption, and its long-term use reportedly causes paradoxical effects such as hip fractures. Thus, for osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, we conclude that CT extract is an effective natural treatment without severe side effects.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2011

Human occupational exposure to n-hexane has been associated with neurobehavioral symptoms such as depression, irritablity, acute irritation symptom, concentration disturbance and fatigue. Effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B and serotonin transporter receptor (5-HTTR) polymorphisms on the neurobehavioral symptoms were investigated in 70 male workers from TV and computer monitor manufacturing plants exposed to n-hexane. Neurobehavioral symptoms were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire and ambient level of n-hexane was measured by NIOSH method. Blood and urine were collected from each workers to determine the MAO(B), 5-HTTR and urinary 2,5-hexanedione(2,5-HD). The mean concentration of volatile n-hexane was $18.8{\pm}28.8ppm$ and that of urinary 2,5-HD was $1.07{\pm}1.47mg/g$ creatinine. Statistically significant associations with sexual disturbance were age and smoking. The frequencies of MAO(B) AA, AG and GG were 18.6%, 45.7% and 35.7%, respectively, and the frequencies of 5-HTTR ll, ls and ss genotype were 82.9%, 15.7% and 1.4%, respectively. MAO (B) gene polymorphisms had susceptibility to the neurobehavioral symptoms such as fatigue, concentration disturbance, irritability and acute irritation symptom and 5-HTTR gene polymorphism had susceptibility to the sleep disturbance and acute irritation symptom. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the neurobehavioral symptoms, memory disturbance was significantly associated with smoking(OR=6.752, 95% CI=37.46) and drinking(OR=4.033, 95% CI=1.252-12.98), emotional lability was MAO(B) genotype(OR=0.412, 95% CI=0.170-0.996), fatigue (OR=1.011, 95% CI=1.000-1.021) and acute irritation(OR=0.990, 95% CI=0.981-1.000) were working duration and sexual disturbance were significantly associated with age(OR=1.208, 95% CI=1.042-1.399), ambient n-hexane(OR=1.077, 95% CI=1.005-1.154) and 2,5-HD(OR=0.186, 95% CI=0.041-0.841). This finding implies that the MAO (B) and 5-HTTR polymorphisms may affect susceptibility for specific neurobehavioral symptoms associated with n-hexane exposure in workers.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2015

이 연구는 초등학생 15명을 대상으로 어린이에서 아말감 제거시 노출되는 수은에 따라 인체내 요중 수은 농도에 미치는 영향과 성별에 따라 요중 수은 농도의 관련성을 조사하고자 하였다. 연구대상자의 평균 요중 수은 농도는 초기 검진 시 $2.77{\mu}g$ Hg/g creatinine, 제거 직후 $2.75{\mu}g$ Hg/g creatinine, 제거 후 24시간 $2.95{\mu}g$ Hg/g creatinine, 제거 후 48시간 $4.00{\mu}g$ Hg/g creatinine으로 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 성별에 따라 남학생에 비해 여학생에서 요중 수은 농도가 초기 검진시 1.23배(0.65~2.33배), 아말감 제거 직후 2.80배(0.93~8.65배), 아말감 제거 후 24시간 1.97배(0.90~4.32배), 아말감 제거 후 48시간 1.99배(0.93~4.28배)로 높은 것으로 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 아말감 치면 수와 생선 섭취를 보정한 후 남학생에 비해 여학생에서 요중 수은 농도가 초기 검진시 1.26배(0.58~2.70배), 아말감 제거 직후 2.88배(0.86~9.68배), 아말감 제거 후 24시간 1.97배(0.87~4.47배), 아말감 제거 후 48시간 2.31배(0.87~6.11배)였다. 이 연구에서 남학생에서 초기 검진시에 비해 아말감 제거 후 평균 요중 수은 농도가 감소하였으나 시간 의존적으로 지속적으로 감소하지 않았으며, 선형회귀분석에서는 성별에 따른 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없으므로 향후 대상자 수를 늘려 통계적인 검정력을 높일 필요가 있겠다. 이 연구에서 아말감 내 수은 증기 노출은 인체건강에 잠재적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으므로 아말감을 제거하는 과정에서 주의해야 할 필요성이 있다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

OTC 결핍증은 요소 회로 대사 질환 중 가장 흔한 질환으로, X연관 유전을 하며, 고암모니아 혈증, 의식저하, 구토, 경련 등을 주증상으로 하여 나타난다. 본 증례에서는 경련 및 의식 저하로 발견된 고암모니아 혈증 및 저칼슘혈증에 대한 치료로 칼슘 보충 및 저단백섭취, sodium benzoate, phenylbutyrate sodium, L-arginine 복용 및 CRRT를 시행하여 증상을 경감시키고, 생화학적 검사 및 Targeted exome sequencing을 통하여 OTC 결핍증을 확진함으로서 신경학적 예후에 대비하도록 하였다. 이로서 현재까지 비교적 양호한 경과를 보이기에 이 증례를 보고하는 바이다.