• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exegenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usuable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki)穀氣) 내 that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Maridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily froms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and connot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian symtem unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-42
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exogenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki(穀氣) so that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Meridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily forms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and cannot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian system unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.536-546
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• 2001

The purposes of this descriptive study were to identify the prevalence rate of urinary incontinence(UI) and the differences in frequency of incontinent and normal women by general characteristics, obstetrical history, and the conditional events for urinary incontinence of the elderly women in a community. By the results of this study, it is intended to provide nursing practice guidelines for incontinent women. The research design of this study was a preliminary descriptive study. The 173 subjects were 55 years old and over, and resided in a small city area. Data were collected from June 20 to July 20, 2001, by an interview or a self-report with questionaire. The questionaire was composed of items of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, and conditions of UI by the modified Henderickon's Stress Incontinence Scale(1981). The results were summariezed as follows: 1. The UI prevalence rate of the sample was 64.2%. Of the incontinent women, 31.5% had experienced UI for a period of three to five years, and 84.7% had never treated or managed their UI. Frequency of UI was once or twice times per month(46.8%). 2. The total mean of UI on the scale in the incontinent women was 25.50 of 85, ranging from 18 to 41. 3. The most frequent condition of UI was coughing, followed by laughing, sneezing, heavy exercise, and preparation of urination in descending order. 4. There were significant differences in age, education, social activity, and urinary difficulty between the incontinent women and the normal women. 5. There were significant differences in frequency of spontaneous abortion, age of menopause between the incontinent women and the normal women. 6. There were no significant differences in number of delivery, frequency of artificial abortion, age of the last delivery, and postal health management between the incontinent women and the normal women. In conclusion, the incidence of UI in this study was high, but there were no effective treatments or management. It is suggested to provide the adult women with knowledge about UI, and to educate preventive behavior and control skill of urinary incontinence. Also episodes of urinary incontinence were high in the situation of sudden increase of abdominal pressure. This data can be used for the prevention strategy of urinary incontinence, In future research it is recommended to identify comprehensive factors related to urinary incontinence including psychosocial factors, and effective strategies of urinary incontinence.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.32-50
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• 2008

This study is concerned with examining the causes and symptoms of Woman various diseases and clearing up the situations of pulses and their treatment. Woman various diseases are said to be various kinds of diseases including the disorder of menstruation and genitals except pregnancy and postpartum diseases. The main contents are the penetration of heat into worm, the discharge of much blood, stomachache, and the postpartum cyst diseases. Among them, the nature of the diseases which often occur in the gynecology, such as the menstrual diseases and stomachache, were described comparatively in detail. The reason why heat penetrates into the worm is that the external germs come into it under its weakness. To treat it, heat should be removed and lumping blood should be sent out of body. Especially only after whether the disease is serious or not is examined, and just after the process of the disease is examined, the lumping blood can be eliminated. The ways to cure it by sweating a patient too much, getting him or her to vomit, or forcing him or her to be urinated too much, should be avoided. The disorder of menstruation, as the disease which most often occur among the diseases of gynecology, includes menstrual irregularity and blood discharge, and non-menstruation. Among them, non-menstruation and blood discharge are comparatively often discussed. When they are treated, lumping blood and cold energy should be cured well through getting rid of the lumping blood and making the blood vessel flow well. The difficult urination after childbirth, which comes from the weak urinary cist, makes symptoms such as the stuffy chest, the difficulty of lying down, and breathing with his or her back something. To urinate better, the ability of the urinary cist should be supplemented and improved. The principle of the treatment for Woman various diseases is to examine the situation of the pulse closely, then set up the way to treat it, and prescribe a patient. In this study, besides the treatment of Chinese herb medicine, the medicine for washing genitals and the medicine placed in the worm were used to cure Woman various diseases. This treatment is the beginning of the surgical treatment in the gynecology.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.83-106
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• 2024

Objectives : This paper aims to examine the meaning of Shengmaisan in relation to original qi based on the discussion of Zhangyuansu, Lidongyuan and other doctors. Methods : Discussion of Shengmaisan made by Zhang, Li and others were examined. Afterwards, the medicinal properties of renshen, maimendong, and wuweizi as written in the Bencaogangmu, Donguibogam, Benjingshuzheng and texts of Zhang and Li were studied in relation to original qi. Related concepts such as '肺中伏火'·'補肺中元氣不足'·'補天眞元氣'·'夏食寒' were analyzed as well. Results & Conclusions : 1. Various pathology related to deficiency in original qi could act as internal pathogen for Shengmaisan application with which external factors such as summerheat and dampness heat meet results in most damage in the Lung metal. Therefore the upper body Lung is emphasized as pathogen. 2. The pathology of Shengmaisan application is depletion of humor, which should be refined, due to summer or dampness heat in a state of original qi deficiency which damages the Lungs, disabling its function of managing clear and pure qi. 3. The disease pattern for Shengmaisan in relation to original qi, according to other doctors, includes symptoms related to the Lungs such as dryness in the mouth due to excessive perspiration, blankness, loss of consciousness, shortness of breath, coughing, fast breathing, along with general bodily symptoms such as heavy sensation of the body, lethargy, difficulty walking, limping. These general bodily symptoms are due to either qi deficiency of the Lung, or humor deficiency due to failure of qi convergence in the lower body, or symptoms caused by Jing deficiency in severe cases. Symptoms related to problems in the lower body could manifest as dysfunction in urination and defecation, weakness in the limbs caused by original qi deficiency. 4. The Lungs circulate the clear and pure qi, converging qi and creating humor to assist the Triple Burner's Qi-Humor metabolism, enabling smooth communication of original qi throughout the body. With the original qi well tonified, the shen mechanism which is rooted in original qi allows for autonomous and consistent qi circulation within the body. Therefore, both Zhang and Li emphasized the importance of original qi. The property of Shengmaisan is explained as 'supplement qi/create liquid, convergence of yin/stop perspiration'. Zhang and Li explained its property as managing the circulation of original qi, to tonify Lungs' original qi and origin of water-humor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1999

연구배경: 대량객혈을 치료하지 않는 경우 사망률이 50% 이상으로 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 대부분의 경우 출혈이 기관지 동맥에서 발생하고, 기관지 동맥색전술은 75-90% 의 환자에서 즉각적인 지혈효과를 가져오므로 대량객혈의 효과적인 치료방법으로 받아들여 지고 있다. 저자들은 대량 객혈환자에서 기관지 동맥 색전술의 유용성과 효과를 알아 보고자 하였고 또한, 성공적인 색전술후 재출혈에 관여 하는 인자를 알아보고자하였다. 방 법: 1990년 2월부터 1996년 7월 까지 가톨릭 의과대학 소속 7개 부속병원에 객혈을 주소로 내원하여 2 회 이상 객혈을 보이거나, 1 일 400-600cc 이상 대량 객혈을 보이는 환자에서 동맥색전술을 시행한 환자중에서 1년이상 경과관찰이 가능한 146명을 대상으로 하였다. 결 과: 기관지 동맥색전술을 시행한 환자는 남자 98예(67.1%), 여자48예(32.9%)였고, 객혈의 원인 질환으로는 폐결핵 및 이와 동반된 병변이 106예(72.6%)로 가장 많았다. 지혈에 사용된 색전물질로는 Ivalon을 단독으로 사용한 예가 58예(39.7%)로 가장 많았고, Gelfoam만 사용한 예는 52예(35.6%), 코일과 Gelfoam을 병용한 예는 24예(16.4%), Ivalon과 Gelfoam을 병용한 예는 9예(6.2%), 코일만 사용한 예는 3예(2.1%)이었다. 기관지 동맥색전술을 이용한 24시간 이내의 지혈의 성공률은 95%였으며, 추적관찰 중 객혈의 재발은 36예(24.7%)였고, 2 회이상 재발한 환자는 6예(4.1%)였다. 기관지 동맥색전술의 합병증은 40명(27.4%)의 환자에서 총 58 건수가 발생하였는데, 발열이 22 건(37.9%)으로 가장 많았고, 흉통 9건(32.8%), 두통 4건(6.9%), 오심 및 구토 3건(5.2%), 부정맥 2건(3.4%)순으로 나타났고, 기타 기침, 요통, 마비성장폐색, 배뇨장애, 하지감각 소실, 견갑골 통증, 저혈압, 두드러기등이 각각 1건씩 발생하였다. 초기 기관지동맥 조영술 소견상 색전의 대상이 양측성인 경우, 체측부동맥-폐동맥간 단락이 있는 경우, 신생혈관 형성, 동맥류, 출혈의 직접적인 소견인 조영제외 누출, 체측부동맥이 영양동맥으로 관여한 경우 등 이들 모두에서 재발군과 비재발군 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 원인 질환별, 지혈에 사용한 색전물질, 공동이 있는 경우, 국균종이 동반된 경우, 기관지 확장증이 동반된 경우, 폐기종이 동반된 경우 모두 재발군과 비재발군 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05), 늑막에 병변이 있는 경우 양군 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 결 론: 기관지 동맥색전술은 대량 객혈시 안전하고, 심각한 합병증의 빈도가 적은 시술로서 특히 초기 지혈효과가 뛰어난 시술방법으로 사료된다. 초기 기관지 동맥조영술 소견에서 출혈의 재발을 예견할 수 있는 의미있는 지표는 없었으나, 늑막에 병변이 있는 경우 재발의 빈도가 높은 것으로 보아 향후 이에 대한 재검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.