• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.500-508
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of mixed NaCl-KCl salt on sodium intake and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. In this study, 3-day food records for pre-experimental diet and 24-hr urine collected for 2-days, 6-day experimental diet food and 24-hr urine were used to evaluate the relationship between Na metabolism. In the experimental diet food, mixed NaCl-KCl salt was added. During the pre-experimental diet period, intakes of Na and K were 178.2 mEq and 56.4 mEq, respectively. The urinary excretion of Na and K in 24-hr were 139.6 mEq, 27.7 mEq, respectively and urinary Na/K ratio was 6.6. During the experimental diet period, intakes of Na and K were 130.2 mEq and 120.4 mEq, respectively. The urinary excretion of Na and K in 24-hr were 100.2 mEq, 37.1 mEq, respectively and urinary Na/K ratio was 2.8. According to this study, it is concluded that mixed NaCl-KCl salt diet decreased the intake of Na, and increased the intake of K.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the relationship between dietary intake, blood level, and urinary excretion of minerals and blood pressure in 30 healthy adults living in rural area of Korea(12 males and 18 females). Analysis for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling before measuring blood pressure. The mean blood pressure of subjects was 117.50/80.83mmHg in males and 110.00/73.89mmHg in females. The mean daily intakes of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn estimated for 3 days were 199.97mEq, 49.56mEq, 452.50mg, 725.57mg, 240.40mg, 12.48mg, 3.41mg, 8.28mg, respectively. The serum concentration of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn were 139.83mEq/dl, 4.06mEq/dl, 8.86mg/dl, 3.28mg/dl, 2.13mg/dl, 0.12mg/dl, 0.12mg/dl, 0.14mg/dl, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretions of Na, K, Ca, p, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn estimated for 169.60mEq, 39.37mEq, 80.40mg, 398.97mg, 64.77mg, 0.21mg, 0.07mg, 0.29mg, respectively. No significant correlation was found between dietary intake, serum concentration, and urinary excretion of minerals and blood pressure. But, the serum Ca/Mg ratio showed negative correlation with the systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the level of significance of 5%. The study verifies the need for more systematic studies on interrelationship among minerals and mineral requirements in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.319-323
• /
• 1981

To clarify the clinical spectrum of non-oliguric acute renal failure, we undertook a retrospective study of 16 cases of acute renal failure following trauma and surgery, 6 of whom were non-oliguric throughout their periods of azotemia. With the clinical symptoms, BUN, creatinine and some urinary diagnostic indexes, we analyzed the differences between non-oliguric and oliguric renal failure. And the results were: 1. The nonoliguric form [10 cases] was more common than oliguric [6 cases], especially post-traumatic failure. 2. The both types belonged to parenchymal renal failure by the U/P UN ratio and urinary Na concentration [Vertal, 1967]. 3. The non-oliguric form was lesser severe in urinary diagnostic indexes and clinically. The non-oliguric renal failure has better clinical course and prognosis, the failure to diagnose it is as dangerous as the failure oliguric renal failure.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1991

We measured volume of daily urinary excretion. daily excretion of $Na^+$ and $K^+$, creatinine clearance, blood $Na^+$ and $K^+$ concentration on 34 subjects(12 men. 21 wenen) who live in Hanlim sub-county. Kimhae county. Kyongnam, Korea in December 1990. The data were compared to the data in 9 urban residents(4 men, 5 wemen). Results were as follows. I) Daily mean urinary $Na^+$ excretion of rural residents was $255{\pm}95.6$mEq/day. It is much lower than that of in 1960 but higher than that of students living in urban area(1975) or that of occidentals. 2) Daily mean urinary $K^+$ excretion of rural residents was $45{\pm}15.1$mEq/day. 3) $K^+$ excretion of rural residents was similar to that of urban residents but because of the relatively high $Na^+$ excretion, $K^+/Na^+$ ratio was significantly lower than that of urban residents. In conclusion. salt intake and excretion of rural residents tends to have been decreased progressively and it is thought to be the result of the improvement in dietary life especially increased intake of animal protein.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.33
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 1991

This study was carried out in order to examine the urinary excretion of electrolytes (Na, K) and their relationship with blood pressure, and to estimate the amount of daily salt intake in a rural community. From January to March in 1987, a mobile screeing team visited 40 villages, and carried out health screening of 537 adult volunteers whose age were over 30 years and collected 12-hours overnight urine. To determine the completeness of collection, the urinary creatinine was measured. If the creatinine excretion was beyond the range given to the age group, the sample was excluded from the analysis as an incomplete collection : 345 samples were remained for analysis. This study revealed the following results. 1. The mean excretion amounts of urinary electrolytes for 12 hours were Na 193.5 mEq, K 20.8 mEq, creatinine 1.0 g. The mean ratio of electrolytes were Na/K 9.84, Na/creatinine 0.44, K/creatinine 0.046. 2. Both the mean excretion amount of K and the mean ratio of K/creatinine were less in hypertensives than in normotensives. K excretion also showed a tendency towards a decrease in inverse proportion to systolic blood pressure when it exceeded 120 mmHg. There was no significant difference between the hypertensives and normotensives in Na excretion. The sodium to potassium ratio increased in poportion to systolic blood pressure. 3. The mean daily salt excretion amount was 22.4 g. Assuming that 90% of the intake was excreted, the estimated amount of daily salt intake was 24.9 g.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2022

Purpose: To determine predictive factors for detecting renal parenchymal damages (RPDs) in infants with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI). Methods: From January 2015 to December 2021, 102 infants with recurrent fUTI and who underwent ^99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan in our hospital were included in this study. Controls included infants with normal DMSA results performed 3 months apart from the 2nd episode of fUTI. DMSA-positive group included infants with positive DMSA results performed 3 months apart from the 2nd episode of fUTI or at the 3rd episode of fUTI. The recurrence rate, causative bacteria, renal size discrepancy of both kidneys, and laboratory findings including C-reactive protein (CRP) and spot urine sodium-to-potassium ratio (uNa/K) were compared between both groups. Results: Only 3.8% of 79 infants with a 2nd episode of fUTI showed positive DMSA results. fUTI recurred more frequently within 12 months of follow-up in the DMSA-positive group than in the control group (69% vs. 13%, P<0.001). CRP values were significantly higher in the DMSA-positive group than in the control group (7.3 mg/dL vs. 3.7 mg/dL, P<0.001). Spot uNa/K were significantly lower in the DMSA-positive group than in the control group (0.6 vs. 1.1, P<0.001). Conclusions: Congenital renal scar and RPDs on the DMSA scan were more frequently found in infants with recurrent fUTI than those in the control group. High CRP values and low spot uNa/K in acute infections were helpful in predicting the presence of RPD in infants with recurrent fUTI.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.531-541
• /
• 2005

This study investigated the influence of anthropometric data and nutrient intake on bone mineral density(BMD) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism The mean age of 21 premenopausal women were 47.0 years and that of 41 postmenopausal women whose menopausal age was 49.46 years were 60.56 years. The waist and WHR of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal ones. The animal protein intake of premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 38.5 and 21.03 g which comprised 54.35 and $31.84\%$ of total protein intake, respectively. The calcium intake of premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 446.45 and 546.97mg which was 63.78 and $78.14\%$ of Korean RDA, respectively. The ALP(Alkaline phosphatase) of premenopausal women was 65.81 U/L, which was significantly lower than that(90.24 U/L) of postmenopausal women (p<0.01). BMD of lumbar spine of premenopausal women was correlated significantly with body weight(r=0.690, p<0.01), waist(r=0.682, p<0.01), WHR(r=0.672, p<0.01), BMI(r=0.559, p<0.01), and body fat(r=0.457, p<0.01). Urinary Ca/creatinine ratio of the premenopausal women was negatively correlated with plant protein(r=-0.529, p<0.05) and plant calcium(r=-0.579, p<0.05). BMD of lumbar spine of postmenopausal women showed positive correlation with lean body mass(r=0.469, p<0.01) and body weight(r=0.383, p<0.05). Urinary Ca/creatinine ratio for the postmenopausal women was positively correlated with ALP(r=0.404, p<0.01) and urinary Na/creatinine ratio(r=0.389, p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and to increase calcium intake for the premenopausal women. It is also important to increase muscle mass and reduce salt intake for the postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to verify the effects of a fluid therapy education program for aged stroke patients for preventing dehydration, pyuria and bacteriuria. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis. Subjects were 38 stroke patients (20 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group) older than 65, hospitalized in a senior care center in S city, Korea. Results: The amount of daily average fluid intake, normal ratio of blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio, serum $Na^+$ and urine white blood cells were increased significantly in the experimental group. Normal ratio of bacteriuria increased in the experimental group, but not significantly. Conclusion: The education program is considered to be an effective nursing intervention tool for preventing dehydration and urinary tract infections which related to the secondary wellness of aged stroke patients. However, longer term study is necessary for better quality of nursing and developing more specific education programs for aged stroke patients usually hospitalized for a long period of time.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.19-31
• /
• 1974

In oder to study the correlation between daily urinary output of sodium chloride and blood pressure, twenty four hour urine samples were collected from 224 cases (70 male and 154 female) of healthy Koreans whose age varied from 18 to 70 years old. The volume and concentration of sodium, chloride and potassium and total nitrogen were measured, along with the resting blood pressure. Results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Daily urinary output was increased as a function of age. However, daily urinary output per unit sulface area was maintained at approximately 800 to 900 $ml/m^2$ in all age groups of male and it increased as a function of age in female groups. There was no significant difference between male and female. 2. The daily urinary sodium concentration was decreased gradually acceding to age in both sexes. Daily excretion of sodium was constant regardless of age in both sexes but especially high in 25-39 year female age group, which was slightly greater in males than in females. 3. The daily urinary chloride concentration was at approximately 250 meq/L in all age groups of male and which decreased as a function of age in females. 4. Hence the daily urinary output of sodium chloride was constant in all age groups of males which increased as a function of age in female groups. However, daily excretion of sodium chloride per unit sulface area was maintained at approximately 11 $gm/m^2$ in males and which increased as a function of age in females. 5. The daily urinary excretion of potassium was constant regardless of age in both sexes. 6. Urinary K/Na ratio was maintained at approximately 0.27 in males and 0.33 in females. 7. The daily urinary output of total nitrogen amount was approximately $8{\sim}10$ gm in males and $7{\sim}9$ gm in females. However, daily urinary output of nitrogen per unit sulface area was constant regardless of age in both sexes. 8. The systolic blood pressure was increased gradually according to the age in both sexes and was higher for males than females under 40 years of age. However, there was no significant difference between both sexes in ages over 40 years. 9. Quantitative comparisons indicated that daily urinary output and sodium chloride excretion are higher while daily potassium output, nitrogen excretion and urinary K/Na ratio are significantly lower among Koreans than a among Occidentals. These findings suggest that average Koreans live on low-protein and high-salt diet throughout their livers. Statistical result obtained may he summarized as follows; 10. The relation between blood pressure and sodium concentration of urine. The correlation between systolic blood pressure and sodium concentration was negatively associated for both sexes and the correlation coefficient was significant for females $({\gamma}_1=-.19<-{\gamma}_{152},\;_{0.05}=-0.159)$ and it was not significant for males $({\gamma}_1=-.19>-{\gamma}_{68},\;_{0.05}=-0.232)$ tut may be due to the sample size for males. The correlation between diastolic blood Pressure and sodium concentration was negatively associated for both sexes and the correlation coefficient was significant for males $({\gamma}_1=-.37<-{\gamma}_{68},\;0.05=-0.232)$ and the relation was not significant for females $({\gamma}_1=-.11>-{\gamma}_{152},\;_{0.05}=-0.159)$. 11. The relation between blood pressure and daily urinary sodium chloride excretion. The association between systolic blood pressure and sodium chloride excretion was positively correlated for both sexes and the relation was significant for females $({\gamma}_1=.20>{\gamma}_{152},\;_{0.05}= 0.159)$ and it was insignificant for males $({\gamma}_1=.09<{\gamma}_{68},\;_{0.05}=0.232)$, The relation between diastolic blood pressure and sodium chloride excretion was positively associated and insignificant for both sexes males $({\gamma}_1=.17<{\gamma}_{68},\;_{0.05}=0.232)$ and females $({\gamma}_1=.09<{\gamma}_{152},\;_{0.05}=0. 159)$. 12. The relation between daily urinary nitrogen excretion and sodium chloride excretion. The association between daily nitrogen excretion and sodium chloride excretion was positively significant for both sexes, males $({\gamma}_1=.31>{\gamma}\;_{68},\;_{0.05}=0.232)$ and females $({\gamma}_1=.36>{\gamma}_{-152},\;_{0.05}=0.159)$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2005

We surveyed the incidence of urinary calculi for feeding period, urinary lesion, composition of calculi and changes of serum chemistry with Korean native castrated steers, which are growing until 26 through 31 months. Without showing any clinical signs such as urethral obstruction, hydronephrosis and strangury for all group, $37.8\%$ (34 out of 90) of Korean native steers carried urinary calculi in carcass. The incidence of urine calculi far different feeding stages from 26 to 31 months were observed as $13.3-60.0\%$er, no significant differences were detected. The distribution of calculi were kidney $(24.4\%)$, kidney and bladder $(10\%)$ and kidney, bladder and urine $(3.3\%)$. Congestion of urinary bladder was shown in $26.6\%$ of Korean native steers. Korean native steers with urinary calculi $(41.2\%)$ had more possibilities (P<0.05) to bring outbreaks of congestion of urinary bladder than those of without calculi $(17.8\%)$. The main composition of calculi were struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals), calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, non-oxalate calcium, ammonia and phosphate. The distribution of urine pH was $71.7\%$(above pH 8.0), $12.2\%$ (between pH 7.0 and pH 8.0) and $16.6\%$ (under pH 7.0). Like shown in herbivores, most of the urine pH was distributed as alkaline urine. Serum creatinine was shown significant difference (P<0.05) according to incidence of calculi but other serum chemistry didn't show any difference in serum chemistry. These results suggest that feeding until 26 to 31 months in Korean native steers castrated at 6 months of the age elicits urinary calculi and congestion of urinary bladder, but not clinical abnormality. And adjustment of the dietary Can ratio to a level of 2:1 or greater during feeding period may reduce the possibility of incidence of urinary calculi in Korean native steers.