• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1993

The effect heat treatment (autoclave) on nutritional value of winged bean as compared to soybean has been investigated. The winged bean and soybean were obtained from local cultivar grown in Indonesia. The beans were autoclaved at $120^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45, 60 or 90 minutes, respectively before being ground for chemical analysis. Trypsin inhibitors of winged bean and soybean decreased (p < 0.05) along with decreasing of urease activity as heating time increased from 0 to 90 minutes. Heat treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide of winged bean as well as soybean. In vitro protein digestibility was significantly (p < 0.05) improved by heating treatment (15 to 60 min of autoclaving), however, excessive heating (90 min of autoclaving) decreased the digestibility of winged beans. Excessive heating had adverse effect on lysine, cystine and methionine contents of winged beans. The results of this study suggested that autoclaving at $120^{\circ}C$ within 45 minutes should be adequate to remove protease inhibitors and could improve protein digestibility of winged beans.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2011

Over the last decade, Sick Building Syndrome has become a significant social issue in Korea and many methods have been considered to maintain comfortable indoor air quality. To reduce toxic substances emitted from wood composite products, the source control is an efficient method through the reduction of formaldehyde content by using natural material-based adhesives for composite wood products production. Among alternative materials, soybean protein is considered an appropriate natural material to replace formaldehyde-based resin and many efforts have been made to produce new products, such as soap, shampoo, ink, resin, adhesive and textile through changing the chemical or physical properties of soybean. To process soybeans into these useful products, the beans are dehulled and the oil is removed by crushing at very high pressure or by solvent extraction. For use soybean as an adhesive, it is processed at temperatures below $70^{\circ}C$ to preserve the alkaline solubility of the proteins. In addition, soybean-based adhesive is undergone treatment process to improve mechanical properties using urea, urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The modified soybean-based adhesive exhibited sufficient mechanical properties to use as an adhesive for composite wood products. This paper is a review article to discuss the possibilities of soybean-based adhesive for environment-friendly furniture materials.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

Chinese cabbage cultivation and ammonia volatilization experiments were done to evaluate the efficiency of Agrotain coated urea (GSP 80% + Agro; GSP 100% + Agro) against conventional urea (GSP 80%; GSP 100%). Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage were 17.2% and 7.3% higher in the treatments that received GSP 80% + Agro and GSP 100% + Agro, respectively, of those from the treatments that received urea alone. Likewise, the nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage in the treatments that received Agrotain coated urea were significantly higher at the rate of 3.5% (GSP 80% + Agro) and 1.9% (GSP 100% + Agro) compared to urea alone treatments. Ammonia emission was substantially higher at the rate of $107.6N\;mg\;chamber^{-1}$ with the application of only GSP 100%. However, nearly 28.3% of ammonia emission was considerably reduced with the use of Agrotain coated urea. Hence, we recommend the use of Agrotain coated urea in conventional farming for increased crop yield as well as simultaneous reduction of nitrogenous fertilizer use.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1996

건답(乾畓) 직파(直播) 재배(栽培) 논에서 건답(乾畓) 초기(初期)에 표면(表面) 시용(施用)된 요소(尿素)의 암모니아 휘산량(揮散量)을 알아내고, 이를 억제(抑制)하기 위하여 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素)의 사용(使用) 효과(效果)를 검토(檢討)하였다. 인산(燐酸)입힌 요소(尿素)는 요소(尿素) 94.5%, 인산(燐酸) 5%, 그리고 silica powder 0.5% 비율로 섞어 조제하였다. 토양(土壤) 수분(水分)이 다른 상태로 조절한 토양(土壤)에 요소(尿素), 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素) 및 urease 활성 억제제인 thio urea 5%를 처리하여 실험실 내에서 요소(尿素) 가수 분해율(分解率)을 조사하였다. 건답(乾畓) 직파(直播) 포장(圃場)에서의 암모니아 휘산량(揮散量)을 측정하기 위하여 직경22.5cm 높이 40cm인 아크릴 원통을 이용하여 인산(燐酸)과 giycerol 암모니아 포집포를 설치하여 암모니아 휘산량(揮散量)을 조사하였다. 실내 실험 결과 포장용수량(圃場容水量) 상태에서 요소(尿素) 첨가 후 3일만에 요소(尿素) 잔존률이 39.6%로 떨어졌고, 1주일 후에는 대부분의 요소(尿素)가 가수(加水) 분해 되었다. Thiourea의 사용에 의하여 가수분해(加水分解) 억제 효과가 있었다. 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素)를 첨가한 경우 3일만의 요소(尿素) 잔존률은 높았으나, 7일 후에는 요소(尿素) 첨가와 비슷해졌다. 토양수분(土壤水分) 함량이 포장용수량(圃場容水量) 이상으로 충분한 조건에서는 요소(尿素) 및 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素) 첨가 1주일 후의 가수분해율(加水分解率)은 97~98%로 차이가 없었고 thiourea 사용 효과만 있었다. 비교적 건조한 상태인 300KPa 수분(水分) 상태에서는 습윤한 상태 보다 가수(加水) 분해율(分解率)이 낮았으며, 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素)와 thiourea 첨가 요소(尿素)의 가수분해율(加水分解率)은 요소(尿素) 사용에 비해 낮았다. 건답(乾畓) 직파(直播) 논에서 포장(圃場) 시험한 결과 담수 전인 건답(乾畓)상태에서 요소(尿素) 시용구에서는 시용 질소(窒素)의 14.7%가 암모니아로 휘산(揮散)되어 손실되었으며, 인산(燐酸) 입힌 요소(尿素)와 인산(燐酸)과 magnesium phosphate를 입힌 완효성(緩效性) 비료(肥料)의 암모니아 휘산률(揮散率)은 2~4%로 매우 낮았다. 한편 축산분(畜産糞) 유기질(有機質) 비료(肥料)를 사용한 구에서의 암모니아 휘산량(揮散量) 역시 많았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2017

A methane-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from rice paddy field soil around Jeollanam-do province, Korea, and characterized. The isolate was gram-negative, orange pigmented and short rod ($1.1-1.2{\times}1.6-1.9{\mu}m$). It was catalase and urease-negative but oxidase-positive. The strain utilized methane and methanol as sole carbon and energy sources. It had an ability to grow with an optimum pH 7.0 and an optimum growth temperature $30^{\circ}C$. The strain was resistant to antibiotic polymyxin B but sensitive to streptomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and rifampicin. The isolate required copper for their growth with concentration range of $2-25{\mu}M$, with an optimum of $10{\mu}M$. Under optimal culture condition, specific cell growth rate and generation time were found to be $0.046hr^{-1}$ and 15.13 hr, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the strain formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Methylomonas koyamae with a value of 99.4% gene sequence homology. So, we named the isolate as Methylomonas sp. SM4. 8.6 mM methanol was accumulated in the reaction mixture containing 70 mM sodium formate and 40 mM $MgCl_2$ (MDH inhibitor) under atmosphere of methane:air (40:60) mixture for 24 hr at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1077-1084
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• 2024

Objective: The present work was conducted to evaluate suitable variables and develop prediction equations using chemical composition and physical characteristics for estimating standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of lysine (Lys) in full-fat soybeans (FFSB). Methods: The chemical composition and physical characteristics were determined including trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), urease activity (UA), protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide (KOH), protein dispersibility index (PDI), lysine to crude protein ratio (Lys:CP), reactive Lys:CP ratio, neutral detergent fiber, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), acid detergent fiber, L* (lightness), and a* (redness). Pearson's correlation (r) was computed, and the relationship between variables was determined by linear or quadratic regression. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to develop prediction equations for SID of Lys. Results: Negative correlations (p<0.01) between SID of Lys and protein quality indicators were observed for TIA (r = -0.80), PDI (r = -0.80), and UA (r = -0.76). The SID of Lys also showed a quadratic response (p<0.01) to UA, NDIN, TIA, L*, KOH, a* and Lys:CP. The best-fit model for predicting SID of Lys in FFSB included TIA, UA, NDIN, and ADIN, resulting in the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.94). Conclusion: Quadratic regression with one variable indicated the high accuracy for UA, NDIN, TIA, and PDI. The multiple linear regression including TIA, UA, NDIN, and ADIN is an alternative model used to predict SID of Lys in FFSB to improve the accuracy. Therefore, multiple indicators are warranted to assess either insufficient or excessive heat treatment accurately, which can be employed by the feed industry as measures for quality control purposes to predict SID of Lys in FFSB.