• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 1972

Protein malnutrition of children is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in developing country. Urea nitrogen excretion in ureotelic animals is the function most sensitive to dietary protein. The 24 hours excretion of creatinine in the urine of a given subject is remarkably constant from day to day. The creatinine excretion of different individuals of the same age and sex is also quite constant. Low ratios of urinary urea to creatinine are found children low protein intake. The foregiving world-wide investigations indicate that the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios seems to be a good biochemical indicator to distinguish among group with different levels of protein intake. The purpose of this study is to evluate an indicator of protein intake on the elementary school children ranged from 6 to 8 years of age living in rural and urban areas. Each child measured for height and weight of body. weight measured by means of a plate from scale and height by a vertical measuring rod. Biochemical test were taken from a finger-tip and urine. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanomethemoglobin method. From the urine samples, urea nitrogen and urea creatinie were determined by Folin-Wu method and: calculate the ratio. The following result were obtained: 1) Mean of the body weight and height in urban children(Seoul) was higher and heavier than rural children(Kyunggi, Kangwon). And 12% of boys, 18% of girls in Kyunggi and 25% of boys, 22% of girls in Kangwon area weight less than 80% of Korean Physical Standard weight level. 2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in Seoul are children were 13. 3g/100ml, 13.1g/100ml and the mean of hemoglobin values in Kyunggi 12.9g/100ml of boys, 12.4g/100ml of girls, and 12.4g/100ml of boys, 12.9g/100ml of girls in Kangwon children. It is found that 22% to 24% children inrural area (Kyunggi, Kangwon) had hemoglobin level less than 12g/100ml which means anemia. 3) The mean of hematocrit level of Seoul, boys and girls children were 33.5%, 34.1% and 33.4%, 33.1%, in Kyunggi area and 33.1%, 32.9% in Kangwon area. 4) Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios in Seoul children were 9. 0, 10. 0 of boys and girls, the ratio were 8.2, 8.0 in Kyunggi boys and girls children, and 7.5 and 7.4 in Kangwon boys, girls children. Low-income rural and upper-income urban background large differences between two groups in the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio(Seoul: Kangwon in male, female children. p<0.05, p<0.001). The urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio definetly seems to be a good indicator of the quantity of the protein intake. However, whether or not it is an indicator of the quality of the ingested protein ramains to be seen.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 1982

Renal dysfunction was experimentally induced with reductions in renal mass in dogs and then the remaining kidney function was estimated by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations. During experimental period, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations showed no variance in dogs with 50% reductions in renal mass, but these values were remarkably increased in dogs with 75% reductions in renal mass. It was considered that 75% reductions in renal mass was applicable as experimental models for renal dysfunction.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2012

The effect of orally administered sun ginseng (SG), which is a ginseng processed by steaming, was examined in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rat. SG significantly decreased both blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, indicating an improvement of renal function. Also, SG significantly increased the urinary excretion of both urea and creatinine. Furthermore it lowered the blood pressure, and inhibited adenine-induced kidney hypertrophy and edema. Based on these findings, SG may ameliorate chronic renal failures.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.27.1-27.12
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• 2024

Background: A urethral obstruction (UO) is an emergency commonly observed in male cats, which can result in significant clinical and laboratory alterations, leading to complications and death. Objectives: This study aimed to correlate symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) with the urea, creatinine, potassium, and bicarbonate levels in cats with UO. In addition, the correlation between clinical score and time of obstruction was evaluated. Methods: Thirty male cats were selected and allocated into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an obstruction group (OG, n = 17). The laboratory analyses were conducted before treatment (M0) and at different times after treatment (12 h [M12], 24 h [M24], and 48 h [M48]). Correlations were established between SDMA and creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium, time of obstruction, and the clinical score. Results: A strong correlation (r > 0.6) was observed between SDMA and creatinine, urea, and potassium in the OG. Furthermore, there was substantial agreement (kappa value) between SDMA and creatinine at M24. A higher clinical score was associated with a longer time of obstruction. In the OG, at M48, the SDMA and creatinine levels were 50% and 41.2% higher, respectively. Conclusions: A correlation was observed between SDMA and creatinine in obstructed cats, and significant agreement between these values was observed 24 h after the unblocking treatment. A correlation among SDMA, urea, and potassium was observed. Approximately 9% more cats continued to have elevated SDMA levels after 48 h of treatment compared to creatinine. This suggests a slightly lower sensitivity of the latter biomarker but does not exclude the possibility of congruent and normalized values after a longer evaluation period.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to describe the protein nutritional status of female collegians between nonvegetarian diet groups(14) and vegetarian diet groups(19). Daily intake, protein were calculated from food direct measurement. Urea/creatinine, muscle mass, fatique conditions and hematological parameter were calculated. Blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, BUN contents. The results obtained are summarized as following : 1) On total dietary intake, especially Fe, vitamin C, niacin intake, vegetarian groups were higher than non vegetarian groups. 2) On composition of EAA(essential amino acids), vegetarians were highter than non vegetarian of leucine contents, but were lower lysine and threonine contents. 3) On urea / creatinine excretion, vegetarians were higher than non begetarians. Muscle mass were non signicant, fatique condition, vegetarians were normal state. 4) Non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, uric acid, ammonia but vegetarians were decreased BUN, ammonia after experimental diet intake. 5) In process of time after meal, non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, BUN, but vegetarians were decreased ammonia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 1973

Some effect on the protein metabolism in growing albino rats by feeding on the rice mixed with wheat or barley have been studied. The species of wheat and barley used in this experiment were either 80% polished or nonpolished wheat, barley and naked barley. The growing rats to be examined were fed on 30% wheat or barley mixed with rice diets for 8 weeks. The total nitrogen, creatinine, amino acid nitrogen and urea-nitrogen contents in the liver and the creatinine and urea-nitrogen contents in the urine have been measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total nitrogen contents in the liver and the serum were no remarkable difference by feeding on each mixed diet, compared with the rice diet group. 2. The creatinine contents in the liver of the unpolished wheat and barley mixed diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diets. 3. The amino acid nitrogen contents in the liver of the polished naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the other mixed diets than the rice diet. 4. The urea-nitrogen contents in the serum of the polished wheat and naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the rice diet group, but these were significantly lower by feeding on the polished barley mixed with rice diets than the others. 5. The creatinine and the urea-nitrogen contents in the urine of the original wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups. In the view of the above results, it could be seen that the protein metabolism was remarkable change according to polish of the wheat and barley.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2022

Essential minerals are important for human health because they support biochemical reactions in metabolism and may play a role in the development of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD). We investigated the relationship between calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total protein, glucose and vitamin D levels in G6PD deficiency in this study. The control group consisted of 40 people (23 females and 17 males) and the patient group consisted of 50 people (20 females and 30 males), all of whom were between the ages of (1-12 years). The findings revealed that the calcium level in patients, depending on sex factor, has a highly significant increase (p <0.0001) when compared to the control group, especially in children who are females rather than males who are affected by G6PD deficiency. In addition, the level of magnesium was found to be significantly different (p <0.0001) in children male patients when compared to the control group. On the other side, the level of total protein was found to be significantly high in children patients (p <0.01) when comparing with control group, and the levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be highly significant increase (p <0.001) in patients when comparing to healthy groups, vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p <0.0001) with G6PD deficiency comparing to control group. In conclusion, the low and high significant associations between vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, and glucose indicate that more research is needed to better understand their roles in G6PD development.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1282-1291
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the hematology and serum chemistry values on Sprague-Dawley rats, used sodium fluoride (NaF) for 5 weeks. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into nine groups and fed experimental diets with oral NaF treatment, basal diet group (BG), basal diet plus oral NaF groups (NF3~NF50). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid in serum were significantly higher in the oral NaF groups than BG (𝛼=0.05). Total calcium (T-Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) concentrations was observed to be significant difference, it was decreased with an increase in the NaF levels (𝛼=0.05). Accordingly, sodium fluoride exposures and dose-response relationship, which was found on the bad influences in hematology. Such association is considered that the long-term fluoride exposure caused nephrotoxicity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 1995

In an attempt to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the renal cortex of rats, and the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUH) and serum creatinine of rats at 24hr after the injection of a 50% solution of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 mg were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2 mι/kg, 4 mι/kg and 8 mι/kg). The group treated with glycerol showed significantlv higher MDA level and catalase activity, lower SOD activity and higher BUN and serum creatinine concentrations at 24 hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

In order to determine whether green tea tannin ameliorates abnormal arginine metabolism as the result of excessive arginine, we have assessed the effects of the administration of green tea tannin mixture in rats treated 30 days with 2% arginine. In the arginine-treated group, the level of guanidino compounds such as arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), creatinine (Cr), methylguanidine (MG) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA), nitric oxide, urea, protein and glucose increased significantly in the serum, urine and kidney, whereas the oxygen species-scavenging enzymes of kidney were reduced as compared with the non-arginine-treated group. By way of contrast, the administration of green tea tannin reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and reduced the urinary excretion of guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine, and $NO_2^-+NO_3^-$. The increased levels of urinary urea, protein and glucose in the arginine-treated group were also lowered by the administration of green tea tannin. In these groups, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the kidney were increased, thereby suggesting the involvement of radicals in the normalizing of kidney function. These results show that the abnormal renal function induced by the adminstration of excessive arginine in rats may be restored by treatment with green tea tannin.