• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1172-1176
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the applicability of Sd/StFFF and to develop a method for size characterization of urban airborne particles, focusing primarily on particles larger than about 1 mm. It was found that the airborne concentration vary with time, although no particular seasonal trend was observed. When averaged over time, the airborne concentration was the lowest in the park areas with 99 ㎍/m³. The apartment, industrial, and central city area showed similar levels of the airborne concentrations with 166, 170, and 171 ㎍/m³, respectively. The housing area showed the highest airborne concentration with 201 μg/m³ among all tested areas. A power-programmed Sd/StFFF was used for size analysis of airborne particles with the initial field strength of 300 rpm, $t_a$ = 4, $t_i$ = -16, p = 8, and the flow rate of 7 mL/min. It was found that urban airborne samples were mostly populated by particles having diameters between about 5 to 20 ㎛, although all have broad size distributions ranging up to about 50 ㎛. Under the Sd/StFFF condition used in this study, no significant differences were found in size distributions among the airborne particles collected at different urban sites, and also among those collected at different times.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to suggest practical suggestions to mitigate Urban Heat Island(UHI) problems in Daegu regarding urban surface temperature. Urban street trees's size and the relations between urban land use types and surface temperature are analysed using aerial photos, the numerical value map and Landsat TM image with special reference to Jung-gu. Total urban street tree's crown size is $156,217.6m^2$ and it is equal to 2.24% of study area. In addition, the size of 'city and residential area' is $6,681,870m^2$(95.7% of study area), which causes UHI and the total size of 'river' shows the lowest surface temperature area and 'road' and 'business and service area' are the highest surface temperature zones. Therefore, it is probable that the network between urban street trees and the lowest surface temperature areas mitigate UHI effects.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.413-416
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• 2006

As even small features can be classified as high resolution imagery, urban remote sensing is regarded as one of the important application fields in time of wide use of the commercialized high resolution satellite imageries. In this study, we have analyzed the variogram properties of high resolution imagery, which was obtained in urban area through the simple modeling and applied to the real image. Based on the grasped variogram characteristics, we have tried to decomposed two high-resolution imagery such as IKONOS and QuickBird reducing window size until the unique variogram that urban feature has come out and then been indexed. Modeling results will be used as the fundamental data for variographic analysis in urban area using high resolution imagery later on. Index map also can be used for determining urban complexity or land-use classification, because the index is influenced by the feature size.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

This study analyzes the correlation between noise and the size of urban forests. Under the assumption that the main cause of the noise m the city is the population density, the size of urban forests per capita and the ratio of urban forests with respect to the size of urban per 100 thousand persons are used for the calculation of correlations with noise. The results of the calculations of Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients indicate that the increase in the size of urban forests has a significant effects in reducing the day-time as well as night-time noise for most regions in the cities. The size of urban forests within public parks has a significantly negative correlation with the noise. However, calculated correlation coefficients imply the increase in the size of total urban forests is more effective in reducing the noise than the increase in the urban forests in public parks.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2003

The number size distribution of urban aerosols ranging from 0.02 to 20 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter was measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) system and an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer (APS) at Seoul from November 30,2001 to January 14, 2002. The gaseous species such as CO, NO, NO$_2$, and $O_3$ were also continuously monitored. The daily average concentration of urban aerosols sorted into three groups (0.02~0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 0.1~1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1~10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and the typical number, surface, and volume distributions of urban aerosols were discussed in this paper. The weekly variation of aerosol concentration was compared with those of gaseous concentrations. relative humidity, and visibility. The results showed that the particle number concentration seemed to increase in the morning and the number concentration of fine particles less than 1 fm in diameter seemed to increase when the concentrations of CO, NO, and NO$_2$ were high. The number concentration of fine particles was relatively high when the relative humidity was greater than 70％ during the increasing period of relative humidity. The visibility was weakly correlated with the concentration of aerosols ranging 0.1 to 1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and the number size distribution for high visibility episode was apparently different from that for low visibility episode.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-112
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• 2017

Stability of labor market in rural areas was analyzed in this paper with categories of industrial group, employment scale, surviving period, and founder group. The stability of each classified labor market was compared with each other to figure out the stable business class and the unstable class in rural areas. The results of rural areas were compared with those of urban areas. The stability was analyzed with average and coefficient of variation (C.V.) of annual total employees' change rates. It was revealed that labor market of 'primary industry', including agriculture, is unstable. Especially, labor market of 'mid-size' and 'primary industry' businesses founded as 'incorporated company' in rural areas is vulnerable. While labor market of 'large-size' is proved to be unstable, it is confirmed that 'small-size' or 'mid-size', and 'over-ten-year survived' businesses have positive contribution to the stable labor market in rural and urban areas. The results show that the stability of labor market is different in each category of business and in each region of rural or urban area. It is expected that the results can be utilized for the regional development policies, of labor and industry part.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.487-497
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• 2010

This paper estimates theoretically optimal sizes of urban population for major metropolitan areas using an urban economy system with utility maximizing household, profit maximizing producer and government providing public goods. This finds that the optimal size of urban population is determined by technological levels and public services. The population sizes of Seoul, Busan, Daegu and Incheon are higher than their optimal levels, while Gwangju, Daejeon and Ulsan need to increase the population for production efficiency.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.297-305
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• 2015

Forest area was applied as health promotion place for resident. Korea Forest Service set the term of "forest healing" based on the application of forest area as health promotion, which multidisciplinary approach in forest policy, and construct the "healing forest" for the healing space. Handicapped was excluded from the forest healing service as healing forest was located in the point away from urban area. The standard of healing forest size was difficult to set as urban forest area was fragmented. This study conducted on adequate standard of healing forest size in urban region. This study surveyed the laws related to the outdoor recreation place, and the walking range of the handicapped (elders, disabilities). The results were deduced with interrelationship between two factors(forest policy, human walking range). Healing forest size was not departmentalized for urban area compared with the standard of similar outdoor space (tourism complex, urban parks). Healing forest size was changed from 50ha to 25ha in national forest, from 30ha to 15ha in private forest considered with walking range of handicapped. This study contributes the evidence as the standard of healing forest size for health promotion in urban resident.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2004

This study is conducted to investigate number of species in various habitat size in the area of urban biotope in Seoul from October to November in 2001 and from May to June in 2002. It is established that habitat size does not significantly affect the number of species in urban biotope. Thirty-two bird species were observed in 54 sites. Thirteen species of birds used sites of up to 1㏊, 29 species from 1 to 10 ㏊, and 8 species in the sites larger than 10㏊. We find that most of species appeared in size (1-10㏊), rather than in size (<1㏊, >10㏊). The cumulative number of species for a given cumulative area was consistently higher when small sites were added first. We think that this habitat size is the actual area to promote number of species within the urban area. Also, there was significant increase of number of species at biotope with water source and multiple vegetation structure. Therefore, if water resources and multiple vegetation structure is maintained, even small area can be helpful to the bird species promotion.