• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to review and verify whether the functions and effect of roadside trees generally hewn in theory are actually realized in urban roads and how well they are performed if the function and effect are realized. The study was conducted with a focus on 3 functions and effects including roadside tree's urban landscape improvement function (green area visibility ratio), effect of introducing green area within a city, and urban green network building function. The major study results are as follows: First, the average green area visibility ratio of 41 study areas is currently about 25.90%. The green area visibility ratio of commercial area within downtown was lowest among 5 road types. It showed that it is possible to raise the average green area visibility ratio up to 32.49% through roadside tree management and additional plantation. Second, in a section between Paldal Mountain and Suwon City Hall where there is no forest fragments and parks at all, a green area of 4,826 roadside trees represented 2.4% of total area and served as the only linear green area. Third, an analysis of 15 cities in Kyonggi province showed that urban forests are concentrated in outskirts. The suey showed that because forest fragments and parks exist in a form of points in urban areas, roadside trees are the only green areas that link each other and build a network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate urban parks and green spaces within the public service framework by identifying priority elements. This study surveyed 455 residents from 80 dongs(neighborhoods), of 5 Gu(districts) districts in Daejeon. The results were as follows. Regarding the evaluation of urban parks as a public service, the average survey score, of all 46 questions, was distributed from 2.46 to 3.54(Likert 5 point scale). Interesting findings can be observed in that most of the survey participants gave high scores to Daejon's natural green environments and geographical traits. That is, Daejon residents perceived their urban nature spaces as a natural geographical environment rather than a public service provided by their local government. Therefore, it seems necessary for the local government, by and large, to improve urban parks and urban green space programs. The low scoring items were 'citizen's participation'(mean 2.46), 'acceptance of complaints, comments, and improvement proposals'(mean 2.54), 'citizen's respect', 'inclusive design' (for the physically challenged-mean 2.55), 'diverse programs and activities in the urban park'(mean 2.55) and 'implementation of revision proposals by citizens'(mean 2.61). These results indicate that citizen participation in planning and opinion sharing is needed to build public services that are satisfactory to users. To evaluate the park and green space from the viewpoint of public services is a useful method with a new point of view. In accordance with this study, the factor of 'supply decision maker' is a statistically meaningful variable of resident satisfaction while earlier studies on the satisfaction studies of physical environment, hardly discovered variables on 'supply decision maker', 'acceptance of resident opinions', and 'information usage'. Responding to or taking positive action according to significant factors, such as the findings of this study, can expand the role of public officials to exert a more positive influence on urban parks and green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

This study analyzes the characteristics of the urban landscape changes as a result of the introduction of private parks among the long-term uncollected urban planning facilities and enables the analysis of the characteristics of the urban landscape changes as a result of the introduction of private parks, and applied to the private park projects. The DSM with its building was established for the quantitative landscape analysis to examine the view ratio using the stacked visible analysis. The analysis showed that Jikdong Park had a high frequency of view from downtown to green due to its location, and that the development project of a private park on park and town boundaries significantly lowered the view ratio. This implies a large degree of damage to the landscape by development projects provided protection of the view as a natural landscape is of value. Chudong Park also saw its view ratio of views from downtown to the hills green area of Chudong Park was much lower than that of Jikdong Park. And it was confirmed that the ratio of view changes due to development projects was small compared to that of Jikdong Park. In other words, although Jikdong Park and Chu-dong Park were developed in a similar scale in terms of the ratio of views, they were subject to significant damage due to their location characteristics. It is also meaningful to note that the degree of change in the landscape resulting from development projects that could not be found in the assessment or review of the existing Landscape Impact. As private parks are introduced in the urban green belt, apartment development is being pushed for at the edge of the green belt. This study is meaningful in that it is derived based on the calculation that the survey results are derived based on the changes in the views on green areas that urban residents may experience as the private park project is carried out, and it should be introduced based on the calculation of the private parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2023

This study aims to develop a Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) to qualitatively evaluate the level of urban neighborhood park services. The Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) development process is as follows. First, a pool of evaluation items was formed by analyzing domestic and foreign cases related to the Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT). Second, evaluation items were refined considering domestic park conditions through expert advisory meetings and pilot evaluations. Third, the reliability of the Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) was verified through pilot evaluations. Fourth, weights for each evaluation item were derived through an expert survey and AHP analysis. Fifth, a Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) evaluation table and evaluation guidelines were prepared. The developed Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) was applied to 22 neighborhood parks in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon to evaluate the quality of the physical environment. As a result of the evaluation, several urban neighborhood parks that need improved park services were identified. The Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) is expected to be used to establish a basic plan for parks and green spaces, select priority and project promotion methods for park maintenance projects, and certify excellent parks

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose rational methods in order to maintain vegetation condition and soil environment based on the analysis of tree growth in relation to the soil environment, which is one of the most significant environmental factors on vegetation condition in urban parks and open spaces. The result of the study can be described as below;The soil on every study site had strong acidity. In particular, study sites around industrial district and central business district showed extreme soil acidity. Therefore, soil management system is needed in urban parks and green spaces around those areas. Among Cambium Electric Resistance classified by locations of urban parks and open spaces, one in the costal area was the lowest. The Cambium Electric Resistance in the industrial area was the highest. Therefore, soil condition and locational environment in the industrial area are highly related to the Cambium Electric Resistance. Among the factors, which affect Cambium Electric Resistance in different locations, inorganic content was found to be the main factor in all of the study sites. Inorganic content was an important factor to the Cambium Electric Resistance in study sites located in industrial and central business districts. In the study sites located in costal area, Soil acidity was found to be other important factors that affect Cambium Electric Resistance. To improve the soil acidity, soil buffering ability should be improved from activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material, Since it takes a long time to make a change in the soil structure, well planed maintenance system is required by mid-term or long-term plans.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

The recent increase in the number of dogs in high-density urban environments causes conflicts between dog owners and non-dog owners and the access of dogs to urban parks has been controversial among park users. A lack of exercise and socialization, however, can cause canine behavior problems such as aggression and hyperactivity which are potential dangers to people and there has increased demand for a place where people and their dogs can interact and exercise together. In many developed countries, off-leash recreation areas (OLRA) are considered as safe and effective places that dogs can exercise, play, and socialize with other dogs while reducing conflicts between dog owners and other park users. This study aimed to review the issue of dogs' access to public parks and to examine the perception of park users on OLRA to provide insights and guidelines in establishing OLRA in Korea. The survey respondents, even non-dog owners, perceived that it is necessary to provide a separate space for dogs from other park users by providing OLRAs in urban parks and showed the willingness to use. Most of dog owners consider their dogs as companions or family members and feel the lack of places to exercise their dogs. As local government plays a major role in urban animal management which emerge as a social issue at present, more active interventions of municipalities are necessary to support various needs and activities of park users. An experimental OLRAs based on community participations would be a meaningful starting point to effective urban animal management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

Urban parks provide a variety of ecosystem services and are an important means of providing positive functions to urban ecosystems. Recently, various studies on wildlifes in urban parks have been conducted. However, there is a lack of research on habitat use in urban parks at important times such as before and after fledging in bird ecology. This study analyzed habitat use and home-range before and after fledging on Cheongsa park, a neighborhood park located in Cheonan city. An artificial nest was set up to check and capture great tit in fledging time. One female was captured and attached to the NTQB-2 (0.4g) radio transmitter, the location was tracked using SIKA Radio Tracking Receiver, hand-held three element Yagi antenna and GPS. Location information was recorded for 10 minutes for 3 hours each morning and afternoon for 12 days from May 17 to May 31, 2019. As a result, the home-range of the target species was 1.776 ha (MCP) and the core area was 499 ㎡ (KD 50%). The average daily home-range was 0.513 ha for the entire period, 0.688 ha before fledging, 0.339 ha after fledging based on MCP. The bird moved about 29.9 m on average and moved up to 131.7 m. For the most of the time, the great tit stayed inside the park, but the bird also used small green spaces such as street trees, tree flower beds, and green areas of unused lands. The results of this study could be applied to the study of habitat use and the greenery management policy of the urban park considering wild birds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.42-57
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• 2022

This study aims to create a basic model for classifying the activity photos that urban park users shared on social media using Deep Learning through Artificial Intelligence. Regarding the social media data, photos related to urban parks were collected through a Naver search, were collected, and used for the classification model. Based on the indicators of Naturalness, Potential Attraction, and Activity, which can be used to evaluate the characteristics of urban parks, 21 classification categories were created. Urban park photos shared on Naver were collected by category, and annotated datasets were created. A custom CNN model and a transfer learning model utilizing a CNN pre-trained on the collected photo datasets were designed and subsequently analyzed. As a result of the study, the Xception transfer learning model, which demonstrated the best performance, was selected as the urban park user activity image classification model and evaluated through several evaluation indicators. This study is meaningful in that it has built AI as an index that can evaluate the characteristics of urban parks by using user-shared photos on social media. The classification model using Deep Learning mitigates the limitations of manual classification, and it can efficiently classify large amounts of urban park photos. So, it can be said to be a useful method that can be used for the monitoring and management of city parks in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.126-140
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• 2001

The influence of small urban parks(green ratio is 100%) on the temperature pattern over the urban and its surrounding area was examined by analyzing the case of in and around Changkyeong palace, Changdeok plalace and Jongmyo, Jongro-gu, Seoul. The pattern of temperature over urban parks and their surrounding built-up area was analyzed from September to November 2000, measuring maximum and minimum temperatures with fixed sensors(maximum and minimum thermometer)and real-time temperature depends largely on both the land-use type and the distance from the park border. In the case of maximum temperature, the lowest value appeared on the green area within parks and the highest value on the built-up area far from the green area. The maximum temperature difference between parks and built-up areas was up to $7.3^{\circ}C$. In the built-up area, the maximum temperature of commercial areas was higher than residential areas. In the night time, not only land-use type but also topography is important for the spatial distributlon of temperature because of the cold airflow from adjacet hills. The horizontal temperature profile by mobile measurement is also related to land-use type and to the distance from the park borders. There is a magnitude of $1^{\circ}C$ temperture difference over a distance of 200m and $3~4^{\circ}C$ over a distance of 400m from the park borders.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2022

There is growing significance in securing urban parks and enhancing their accessibility due to irrational residential developments and apartment construction. Accordingly, Daejeon Metropolitan City has carried out urban park management projects to improve the quality of parks and create new parks. Daejeon Metropolitan City generates and manages park data for the purpose of management by the administrative district. However, these datasets take different forms in each administrative district. This study integrates the park data in Daejeon, generated by administrative districts, into the same format and generates geographic information data with the area information of each park for analysis. Analysis results show that urban parks are severely imbalanced across administrative districts, requiring new policy measures. In addition, by normalizing the park analysis results and, then, creating their rankings, this study compares them with the actual park information in detail to confirm the soundness of the dataset. The analysis results provide implications to improve the management of urban parks. This study proposes integrated datasets and the continued management of them in each administrative district by including essential data that can feature the objective information of the parks along with park evaluation indicators based on previous studies.