• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2014

The improvement of adaptation capability against heat island (ACHI) by greening buildings is considered as an important measure to cope with a climate change. This study aimed to select the most appropriate zones for green roof initiative in case study sites, Bucheon, Anyang, and Suwon Cities and to investigate the characteristics of buildings for greening to improve ACHI. Relative ACHI for each lot was estimated from 0 to -9, assuming that it decreases with the distance from green space and waterbody. Low adaptation capabilities were mostly shown in the old urban blocks with dense low-rise buildings and lack of green space. Three blocks with the lowest ACHIs were chosen as a green roof initiative zone in each city. They are largely residential areas including low-rise buildings such as single, multi-household houses, townhouses, 5 or lower story apartments and few are industrial areas crowded with small factory buildings. The areas of building roof available for greening are 8.8% within the selected zones in Bucheon City, 5.3% in Anyang City, and 4.9% in Suwon City. As it were, 25.2~41.7% of the roof top areas are available for greening in these zones. It means that roof top areas of $25,000{\sim}120,000m^2$ can be used for greening within the selected zones of $0.64{\sim}1.65km^2$ to improve ACHI. The approach and results of the study are significant to provide a logical basis and information on location, scale, effect, and target figure of greening as a measure to cope with climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

Satellite image is very usefully practiced to predict and analyze physical expansion and change of city. Physical expansion and change of city is closely related to the use of land, and continuous growth management focused on the use of land is essential for sustainable city growth. In this research, the change of land cover and land-use were analyzed with basic input data from 1985 to 2000 according to artificial satellite. Moreover, the land-use turnover rate was understood and expansion trend of urban sprawl in Busan metropolitan city and land-use characteristics of the expansion area. The results are, first, the area for urban region was expanded continuously but areas for agriculture area, forest area, and water area had different changes due to administrative district reform of Busan by each year. Second, the urbanization area in Busan was increased by 3.8% from $92.5km^2$ in 1985 to $167.5km^2$ in 2000. Third, the result of analysis on land-use turnover rate showed that agriculture area was turned into urbanized area the most, and forest area was followed by. Fourth, the result of analysis on database and overlay of buildings in Busan established in 2001 showed that agriculture area are had type 1 and 2 neighborhood living facilities (45.63%), apartment house in forest area (18.49%), and factory in water area (31.84%) with high ratio.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Purpose - In urban regeneration projects, considerations for rejuvenating traditional public markets are becoming increasingly important. That is because the traditional market is not just a commercial space but also a living center for local people's existence. Cultural contents like these are invaluable assets in the contemporary economy. However, traditional markets are gradually declining because of changes in distribution systems and consumer lifestyles. New distribution systems such as modern distribution markets, home shopping, and online shopping malls made traditional markets less competitive. Further, traditional markets have not been able to adapt to the changing consumption styles of younger generations. Some say that it is a natural phenomenon that cannot be stopped. However, traditional markets are not just another distribution system but also a valuable resource that encapsulates the local people's tradition and history. Thus, a revitalization strategy for traditional public markets has become an urgent task in contemporary urban regeneration projects. This study aimed to find ways to activate traditional public markets by making it a community landmark based on visual merchandising perspectives. Research design and methodology - This study focused on analyzing Granville Island (Vancouver, Canada) as a role-model project for rejuvenating the traditional market. It investigated Granville Island both with walk-through evaluation and literature reviews. Results - We found that it has been developed not only to improve visual aspects, but also to promote cultural contents with high value added. For example, the developers maintained the visual elements that tell the original history of the site as an industrial factory. The renewal project had a balance between improving the outer look and creating attractive contents. The following are the merits of Granville Island that Korean traditional markets should note. First, they kept the whole area clean and hygienic. Second, merchants are well educated, business-savvy, and consumer-oriented. Third, the area's total environmental designs were done by professionals of a high caliber. Fourth, the city government and the merchants'association were collaborating well in their efforts to accommodate the changing needs of consumers. Conclusions - This study made the following suggestions as a conclusion. First, it will be a very powerful tool to rejuvenate the traditional market if we can discover unique cultural resources and develop them as cultural products, experiences, and events. Consumers of the 21st century have a strong tendency to consume not only material products, but also the experiences and memories attached to them. Second, in order to maintain the unique characteristics of traditional markets, fostering the viability of the merchants' association and local residents' society would be essential. Third, it is necessary to make the traditional market into a cultural place not only for the shopping patronage of local residents, but also for attracting tourists to increase sales. Finally, professional management and design approaches are needed in order to make the traditional market a pleasant space from a visual merchandising standpoint.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1977

To get a basic information for improving Korean's pattern of comsuming red pepper and the possibility of its industrial production, consumer's ways of red pepper processing and his present dietary habits were surveyed and the results are follows; (1) Korean's daily consumption of red pepper was on the average 9.2 g on the basis of the whole dried red pepper. (2) The tendency of evading the home drying method was increased; 72.22% in urban community and 50.4% in rural community purchased the dried red pepper in the lump yearly. The household purchasing the fresh red pepper and using the home drying was 27.8% in urban community and 49.6% in rural community, so one third of urban household was still using the home drying method. The case of dependence on tine drying factory was no more than 2.6%. (3) Drying method was mainly sun drying which done on the poor circumstance like as the street side without the proper equipment of drying. Home process of red pepper by housewife was 70.8%, and the old, housekeeper were only 7.3% respectively. (4) The hygienic sense in the drying was rare; 68.8% was not washed and 51.9% of decayed red pepper was eaten. (5) Koreans prefered the strong pungency, deep red color and fine powder form. (6) While the 45.5% of seed was collected by second hand dealer and made use of as resources of edible oil, it was not used effectively due to complexity of its collection system. (7) While 40.1% desired the improvement of red pepper dietary life, 41.1% distrusted the present commercial red pepper powder on the market. From the results above, we conclude the fact many households have still hygienically poor red pepper processed at home, in spite of the red pepper is one of the most important spices in Korea. Considering the growing urban population, reduction of unemployed labor due to the increasing nuclear family and hygienic problems caused by the serious pollution, the improvement of red pepper processing method is urgently required. And it is believed that red pepper has a good prospect to be processed on the industrial scale in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.40-49
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• 2017

The purpose of the research is to analyze the recent cases of green space planning and planting design in Beijing, one of the cities having the worst particulate matters (PM) pollution. This study comprehensively reviewed Chinese academic literature addressing green space planning to reduce PM pollution. In addition, we conducted field observations and interviews with public officials from Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape Design in charge of planning and management of green spaces in Beijing. After the extensive review of literature we derived tree planting principles to mitigate the impact of PM from urban road system, residential area, and industrial district. Using the principles we evaluated the three recent cases of planting design to mitigate PM: Beijing Fuxing Road, Fu Run Residential Area and Beijing Beiqi Multipurpose Vehicle Factory. We conclude that green space planning and trees planting are not effective in mitigating negative impact of PM pollution because of inadequate selection of trees and inconsiderate planting composition. We proposed to replace the tree species with the ones capable of reducing the spread of PM, and reorganize planting compositions that consider the directions and characteristics of urban wind flow. This study suggests desirable types of tree species and planting compositions for road, residential and industrial districts, and we expect that it provides helpful guidelines for making planting design and species selection to mitigate the impact of PM in urban landscape.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2019

Now, our urban space is composed of all kinds of sculptures that lost its individual charm in trend flows and street furniture standardized by the integrated design of standardized franchises and similar architectures per each region and autonomous districts. This study was to introduce the concept called the 'community furniture' in the urban environment that there is no an identity of the regional culture and a sense of place because of the mostly similar street environment. The purpose of this study is to propose the concept called the 'community furniture' referred to as public facilities that imply specific identities of some regions that have became the community art expanded into necessary facilities of urban composition as bus shelter's universal convenience and functionality have been preferentially handled and its regional identities are reflected. For doing this, this study fulfilled application alternatives of community furniture design's basic principles after examining the storytelling process of local cultural heritages and analyzing domestic and foreign cases of bus shelters. Results of this study are as follows. First, convergent synergy effects in information and culture and art sectors could be expected as bus shelters visually deliver storytelling factors that imply locally related images. Second, space and place's characteristics and sustainable design concepts embody local characteristics. They can suggest directions for vitalizing urban environment designs by being in harmony with surrounding environments. Third, it is expected that realizing distinctive places is possible as bus shelters with local communities' aesthetic consciousness and regionality are composed of new street spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Building materials are trending toward environmental materials nowadays and the market share of those is growing. So those researches and developments for environmental property are proceeding now. The main properties of environmental products are far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus, these products are used with shape of mortar, and spray on the finish material. But There are not much researches for the concrete, main material in construction field, with those functional properties. So in this research we evaluated slump, compressive strength and air content as basic properties for concrete using functional materials of sericite, wood pattern sand stone, carbon black and nanometric silver solution and functional properties like far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus. The results were as follows. The most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nanometric silver solution had a little effect on functional property, so it was difficult to apply to concrete, and wood pattern sand stone had a high functional property but low compressive strength, can be applied to a factory product. Anti fungus of the concrete using nanometric silver solution was not clear but if those specimens were aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time it might apparent.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2001

Effects on increased noise influenced residents on the urban areas as well as the rural areas because of rapidly increasing traffic volume and newly-constructed road. The object of this study is to better establish environmental policy for the year 2000s through analyzing current environment administration system in the field of noise and vibration. Noise and vibration administration system in Korea is composed of various standards in areas of noise environment, traffic noise regulation, living noise regulation, factory noise and vibration regulation, and aircraft noise regulation. Furthermore, there exists environment noise and vibration monitoring networking system. This study is to improve noise and vibration administration system through analyzing present condition and problems. This study suggests improved noise and vibration administration system by achieving four steps ; 1) goal establishment in noise and vibration administration system; 2) development of reduction mitigation method; 3) estimation of reduction mitigation method; 4) establishment of enforcement method. Proposed "Noise and Vibration Policy Committee" should be established to harmonize noise and vibration policy on scientific basis for the $21^{st}$ century.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.344-345
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• 2011

A necessity to a superconducting cable in power transmission systems have been growing more and more due to high power density in urban areas and rapid increase of power demand. In view of these situation, it is a noteworthy fact that superconducting cable has remarkable advantages, such as lower power loss and 3-5 times higher power transmission capacity, compared with conventional power cable. For the last a few years, long-term reliability tests had been carried out in the KEPCO PT Center, and now it has been installed in KEPCO's real power grid for demonstrating commercial operation. This paper deals with the test results of dielectric properties performed at manufacturing factory for the joint box, termination and core of HTS cable system and whole system connected in real power grid.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 1998

This study investigated ecological and growth characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia for usage of landscape woody plant. The results are obtained as follows: 1) The results of investigate the native Sorbus alnifolia vegetations in Seoul and Kyonggi-do are as follows. From the investigation of canopy and understory, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Quercus mongolica Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena grow well in natural habitat of Sorbus alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and Lindera obtusiloba are commonly found from shrub structure in the habitat. These structure pattern of natural setting would be applied for ecological planting design. 2) The Mt. Rabong area, which locates near a heavy factory district and is considered as environmental dteriorated area has the lowest soil acidity range among three investigated area. Sorbus alnifolia grows in where contains low soil acidity and inorganic nutrient. It might concluded that Sorbus alnifolia be tolerates to air pollution. 3) From the investigation of good specimen tres, the oldest good specimen trees of Sorbus alnifolia have grown in Seoul and Kyonggi-Do for 130 years with 15m height and 12m width. Most of good specimen trees are over 50 years old with 10~15m height, 4.5-12m width. These growth shape and form could be recommend that Sorbus alnifolia would be used as street tree and landscape woody plant in urban park.