• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.474-484
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• 2011

This study presents how a professional development program (PD) of K-12 teachers affects participants' use of the earth system approach and their perceptions of using the urban environment for their science teaching and lesson unit development. This study utilized mixed methods to collect and analyze the data. Eleven urban teachers' pre-post lessons (45 lessons) were analyzed quantitatively using a lesson plan analysis tool, modified by the author, and their lesson reflections were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study show that the PD program influences the teachers to choose more topics and content knowledge based on the earth system approach and to assess the topics and content knowledge with more appropriate methods. Specifically, the teachers use more urban environmental factors/topics in their post lesson to teach the environmental topics of urban area. However, according to the statistical analysis of pre-and postlesson plan scores, the accuracy of the earth system knowledge that participants used in their lessons did not change significantly (p<0.05) (Table 4), which means that the PD program did not affect the improvement of the teacher's content knowledge in earth system science. Implications of this study are discussed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

It is certain that urbanization has transformed the ecological consequences severely, but urban ecosystem is not fully understood yet. Urban growth is not like a static form and it spreads spatially and temporally. Therefore in studying urban ecosystem, it is important to relate the spatial pattern of urbanization to ecological processes. Using gradient analysis, we attempted to quantify the urbanization's spatial impacts in Daejeon-city and Cheonan-city, Chungcheong-province, Korea. Because of Multifunctional Administrative City Planning (MACP), a lot of development projects are planned in Chungcheong-province, Korea. It's important to study about original cities' patterns and impacts. These results can be adopted to future city planning. So several measures such as fragmentation, vegetation index, surface temperature, population density, and income rate were computed along a 75km long and 3km wide transect. The results showed that Daejeon-city has a wider urban center, lower vegetation indexes, and higher surface temperature than Cheonan-city. Therefore in the perspective of urban environments and sustainable urbanism, it seems that Cheonan-city is better than Daejeon-city. The changes along the transect have important ecological implications, and quantifying the urbanization gradient is an important step in understanding urban ecology.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2019

After decades of high-speed development, designing tall buildings as critical components of urban habitat, rather than simply standing aloof from their environments, has become an important concern in many Asian cities. Nevertheless, the lack of quantitative understanding cannot support efficient architectural design or urban renewal that targets better place-making. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing a typological approach for measuring the social impact of tall buildings' ground conditions: that is, public space, podiums, and interfaces. The central business districts (CBD) of three Asian cities, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore, were selected as cases. Typical patterns and categories of lower-level public spaces among the three CBDs were abstracted via typological analyses and field study. The following evaluation is achieved through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This quantified approach helps to provide a visualization of high or low positive social impacts of tall buildings' lower-level public spaces among the three cases. This study also helps to suggest a design code for tall buildings aimed at a more human-oriented urban habitat.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2011

Urban environmental problem became one of major issues during its urbanization processes. Environmental impacts are assessed during recent urban planning and development. Though the environmental impact assessment considers meteorological impact as a minor component, changes in wind environment during development can largely affect the distribution pattern of air temperature, humidity, and pollutants. Impact assessment of local wind is, therefore, a major element for impact assessment prior to any other meteorological impact assessment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are utilized in various fields such as in wind field assessment during a construction of a new building and in post analysis of a fire event over a mountain. CFD models require specially formatted input data and produce specific output files, which can be analyzed using special programs. CFD's huge requirement in computing power is another hurdle in practical use. In this study, a CFD model and related software processors were automated and integrated as a microscale wind environmental impact assessment system. A supercomputer system was used to reduce the running hours of the model. Input data processor ingests development plans in CAD or GIS formatted files and produces input data files for the CFD model. Output data processor produces various analytical graphs upon user requests. The system was used in assessing the impacts of a new building near an observatory on wind fields and showed the changes by the construction visually and quantitatively. The microscale wind assessment system will evolve, of course, incorporating new improvement of the models and processors. Nevertheless the framework suggested here can be utilized as a basic system for the assessment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2023

무분별한 난개발이 가져오는 무질서한 고층 개발로 인하여 도시공간의 연속성이 파괴되고 있다. 이로 인한 도시경관 악화가 주요 도시문제로 대두되고 있다. 주민들의 기본적 권리인 조망권 및 일조권이 박탈되고 도시민들이 함께 누려야 할 경관이 사유화되는 등 무질서한 고층 개발은 도시환경에 악영향을 끼친다. 연속성 있는 도시경관을 조성하기 위해서는 무분별한 고층 개발을 제재하고 피해지역에 대한 보상이 필요하다. 이를 위한 다양한 규제들이 진행됐지만, 규제만으로는 고층 개발에 대한 압력과 그로 인한 피해를 극복하기는 어렵다. 이에 보상제도를 도입하려는 논의가 진행되었고, 토지소유권과 개발권을 분리하여 개발권에 대한 보상을 받는 방식의 개발권양도제(TDR)를 도입이 주목받아 왔다. 하지만 국내에서는 개발권 분리에 관한 다양한 문제로 제도 도입에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 TDR 도입의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 부동산투자신탁(REITs)의 개념과 특징을 분석하고 효과적 경관 관리를 위해 REITs를 접목한 개발권양도제 정책모형을 제시하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

Because of urban development and changed land cover types, It is very important to acquire pixel unit of land surface temperature(LST) information when the heat island effect(HIE) of regional area are investigated. The brightness temperature observed by satellite is very useful for assessing the pixel unit of LST distributions for the analysis of thermal environment problems of urban areas. Also, satellite land cover data are very useful to our understanding of surface conditions of study areas. In this study, brightness temperature information of Landsat TM thermal channel was analyzed and compared with land cover information of Jeon-ju city. The atmospheric correction of TM thermal channel carried out to explain for compared LST long term monitoring errors. However, simple estimation and evaluation methods to find a physical relationship between LST from satellite images and in-situ data are compared with reference channel emissivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

This study evaluated the impact of an AI heifer calf rearing scheme on dairy stock development, in a coconut grazing and a peri-urban smallholder dairy production system in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. The heifer rearing scheme included free advice on calf rearing, drugs, acaricides, minerals and subsidised concentrates for 30 months. The farmers in the coconut growing area integrate dairying with their plantation, they sell their milk to the main processors. The peri-urban farmers are intensive milk producers, who sell their milk at informal markets. To estimate the effect of the heifer rearing scheme on dairy replacement stock development, scheme farmers were compared with farmers who did not participate in the scheme. Calf mortality was twice as high in non-scheme farms (23-28%) as in scheme farms (12-14%). The scheme had a positive effect on weight development and scheme heifers calved 4.5 months earlier than non-scheme heifers. The calf rearing package is cost effective in both farming systems, however, the required cash inputs are a major constraint. The costs per in-calf heifer under the scheme are much lower than the production of such animals by either multiplication in state farms or importing them. The coconut grazing system showed the highest potential for producing surplus dairy stock.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

The objective of the research is to analyze changing trend of water discharge in precipitation, according to changing land use, through an environment-friendly urban development method called LID. The study chose S1 basin (Separated Sewer districts) in Cheongju region for survey. Among LID methods, relatively more applicable methods of green rooftop space and parking lot with permeable material were selected to construct plausible scenarios. Curve Number (CN) value was calculated due to land use patterns in each scenario, and SWMM model simulation were conducted during 2008 for comparative analysis. For Case 1, only parking lot with permeable material was applied to the scenario. Green rooftop space I and II were applied to Case 2 and 3 respectively. For Case 4 and 5, green rooftop space I and II were applied, in addition to parking lot with permeable material, Calculation of CN value showed that for S1 basin, the value was 88.1 (prior to scenario application), 86.5 (Case 1), 81.9 (Case 2), 68.5 (Case 3), 80.4 (Case 4) and 67.2 (Case 5). Changing pattern of rain water discharge was analyzed for each scenario. For Case 1, the change was not remarkable before and after application of scenario. In Case 2 and 4, the impact of rain water discharge as source of pollutant fell to 20~30%. The rate dropped to 30~50% in Case 3 and 5 respectively. The result demonstrates that the amount of rain water discharge, amount and frequency of sewer overflow, frequency of rain water discharge, and pollution load decreased in accordance with declining CN value in each scenario. In installing green rooftop space, the effect was twice greater when rain water discharge was directly infiltrated into soil.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The environmental conservation-targeted zoning in urban planning process has been functioned as securing a ecological core in urban green spaces management. Hence, the designation of conservation zones in land use planning is considered as a key task to achieve the sustainability of urban planning. The recently introduced pre-environmental review system for the proposed urban plan, by which the conservative measures for urban ecosystem and landscape are suggested in aspect of environmental impact mitigation, has played an active role in enhancing the environmental performance degraded by wide range of development pressure. This study is aimed at drawing out of objective criteria for designation of environmental conservation zones, which can be applied to urban planning establishment and also to environmental assessment process. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the following methods; pre-study review, analysis of existing official opinion statements released by the Ministry of Environment, contents analysis of related laws, and experts' panel discussions on the finally arranged criteria. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the total criteria of 48 are drown out with categorizing into environment-ecological and socio-cultural sectosr. Second, the environment-ecological part is composed of 33 criteria such as vegetation, animal, geomorphology, watershed, environmental land suitability, and etc. Here, the Degree of Ecological Function, Degree of Environmental Land Suitability, and Vegetation Map are mainly utilized. Third, the 15 socio-cultural criteria relating to the history, social ecology and landscape have such components as forest around relics, Seo-won(school), castle, tomb, landmark, skyline, natural landscape, and etc. Forth, these individual criteria can be applied to designation of each conservation zones among total of 11 conservation areas(or districts).

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

This study suggests several ways to improve the railroad facilities in the urban areas so as to maintain the urban railroad facilities and minimize their adverse impact on the roads around the facilities. Environmental problems such as noise and vibration can be minimized by constructing soundproofing walls and improving railway and train systems. To reduce the traffic congestion at the railroad crossings, current at-grade crossings should be changed to separated crossings. Moreover, the criteria by where railroad crossings are located should be revised. In the long term, the land use development for the railroad station and the surrounding areas needs to be changed. Several case studies of Japan's and France's major cities show the potential of successfully integrating the development of railroad facilities and their surrounding areas. In addition, there is a need to .consider institutional aspects, to improve the railroad facilities in the urban areas and to allow the integrated development of the railroad facilities and the surrounding areas.