• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

The effect of buildings on flow in urban canopy is one of the most important problems in local/micro-scale meteorology. A large eddy simulation model is used to simulate the flow structure in an urban neighborhood and the bulk effect of the buildings on surrounding flows is analyzed. The results demonstrate that: (a) The inflow conditions affect the detailed flow characteristics much in the building group, including: the distortion or disappearance of the wake vortexes, the change of funneling effect area and the change of location, size of the static-wind area. (b) The bulk effect of the buildings leads to a loss of wind speed in the low layer where height is less than four times of the average building height, and this loss effect changes little when the inflow direction changes. (c) In the bulk effect to environmental fields, the change of inflow direction affects the vertical distribution of turbulence greatly. The peak value of the turbulence energy appears at the height of the average building height. The attribution of fluctuations of different components to turbulence changes greatly at different height levels, in the low levels the horizontal speed fluctuation attribute mostly, while the vertical speed fluctuation does in high levels.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

The urbanity of high-rise buildings does not simply reference their physical characteristics but also encompasses their impact on the overall urban environment and the daily lives of citizens. This involves the economic benefits, social development, urban culture and public activities that high-rise buildings bring to a city. High-rise buildings are an important aspect of urban development and play a crucial role in providing public services in high-density urban habitats. However, to ensure that their contribution to the city is positive, it is essential to take into account their impact on surrounding buildings and the built environment. This paper analyzes their urban attributes and value system and summarizes their current development status. In short, as the demand for public services continues to evolve, it is necessary for high-rise buildings to keep up with these changes by continuously enhancing their urbanity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand the scale of temperature change following large-scale urban developments in paddy fields to present possible measures to preserve suburban area paddy fields and to lower the scale of temperature increase after developing paddy fields in urban areas. The study was conducted in Bupyeong and Bucheon of Incheon Metropolitan City. The satellite image($1989{\sim}2000$) before and after the development of old paddy fields were used to analyze the land surface temperature changes according to the land use types. Building coverage, green coverage, non-permeable pavement coverage, and floor area ratio(FAR) were selected as the factors that influence urban temperature changes and the temperature estimation model was constructed by using correlation and regression analyses. The before and after satellite images of Bupyeong and Bucheon were classified into forests, greens and plantations, paddy fields, unused lands, and urban areas. The results indicate that most of the paddy fields that existed in the center of Bupyeong and Bucheon were converted into unused lands which were undergoing construction to become new urban areas. The difference between the surface temperatures of May 17th, 1989 and May 7th, 2000 was analyzed to reveal that most land converted from paddy fields to unused lands or urban areas saw an increase in surface temperature. Han River was used as a comparison to analyze the average surface temperature changes($1989{\sim}2000$) in former paddy fields. The scale of temperature changes were: $+1.6697^{\circ}C$ in urban parks; $+2.5503^{\circ}C$ in residential zones; $+2.9479^{\circ}C$ on public lands, $+3.0385^{\circ}C$ in commercial zones, and $+3.1803^{\circ}C$ in educational zones. The correlation between building coverage, green coverage, non-permeable pavement coverage, or floor area ratio(FAR) and surface temperature increases was also analyzed. The green coverage to temperature increases, but building coverage, non-permeable pavement coverage, and floor area ratio(FAR) had no statistically significant temperature increases. The factors that influence urban temperature changes were set up as independent variables and the surface temperature changes as dependent variables to construct a surface temperature change model for the land use types of former paddy fields. As a result of regression analysis, green coverage was selected as the most significant independent variable. According to regression analysis, if farmland is converted into an urban area, a temperature increase of $+3.889^{\circ}C$ is anticipated with 0% green coverage. The temperature saw a decrease of $-0.43^{\circ}C$ with every 10% increase of green coverage.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2008

Although development density control has received murk attention in urban planning, there has been little research on empirical methods that can examine local changes in development density. Recently, attempts have been made to develop cellular automata (CA) models that can be applied to urban landuse change. This paper aims to develop an extended landuse change model based on urban CA considering development density. The proposed model not only includes density control component in a model framework, but also directly estimates local density changes in land use. The developed model was applied to the study area, which was a part of central Seoul. The calibration of the model was carried out over the period $1900s\sim2000s$ using parcel-based land use data and related variables The results of the calibrated model have been tested by comparison with actual landuse data, and have demonstrated that the developed model can produce realistic simulations of urban landuse changes. But model output is dependent on the spacio-temporal resolution of input data. Further research is necessary to improve the calibration procedure and methods for evaluating model validity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the Spatial Changes and the main agent of space creation in Samrye Area during the Japanese Occupation Period. As for the urban space in the Samrye area, the urban space was expanded to the Hujeong-ri area from the construction of the Jeonbuk light railway. Before 1914, the urban space of Samrye was formed around Samrye Station in Samrye-ri, which oversees Samrye-do from the Goryeo Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty, but when Samrye Station of Jeonbuk light railway was established in Hujeong-ri in 1914, the foundation of a ladder-type street network visible from the central space of the current Samrye area was formed until the 1930s. And it was the Japanese and Korean landowners who took the lead in the construction of the Jeonbuk light railway, not the government, who expanded the urban space of Samnye from Samrye-ri to Hujeong-ri. The background of the establishment of Jeonbuk light railway is the reason why Dongsan Farm has difficulty in transporting rice to the Honam Line during the rice harvest. At that time, Park Ki-soon, famous as the land king, took charge of the established chairman of the railroad installation and established it, and with the establishment of Samrye Station, the access road was connected to his farm. In addition, a new road was built on the farm land that owned the Hujeong-ri area to the Seoul-Mokpo Interroad in Samrye-ri, thereby expanding the urban space. In other words, unlike Gunsan and Iksan, which were built under the leadership of the Japanese colonial eran government, the urban space in Samrye area was expanded by a farmer who grew up as a large landowner based on agriculture, which was the economic base at the time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the recognition of the validity of the design changes that classified the type of design changes that occurred in the Apartment Complex Landscaping Planting Construction that have been ordered in 'A' work. This research was also carried out for the purpose of presentation of the basic data in order to effectively manage the change order of landscape-planting construction's future work. The following conclusions were derived. First, the 7 types of change orders in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to lack of field study', 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes due to consideration of the workability', 'the design changes for ease of maintenance', and the 'design changes due to the relationship with the Engineering species of other.' Second, it is possible to produce a negative impact of all construction costs have increased due to design changes of landscaping planting construction is grasped. Third, There were the most frequent change order in planting design for the 'image improving', 'due to the mismatch of planting design to the site situation.' Fourth, the results of confirmatory targeting professional landscaping areas, was found that the statistics of the type of change landscaping planting construction design seven derived in this study is valid.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1802-1806
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• 2006

It is important to consider the effects of land-use changes on surface runoff, stream flow, and groundwater recharge. Expansion of urban areas significantly impacts the environment in terms of ground water recharge, water pollution, and storm water drainage. Increase of impervious area due to urbanization leads to an increase in surface runoff volume, contributes to downstream flooding and a net loss in groundwater recharge. Assessment of the hydrologic impacts or urban land-use change traditionally includes models that evaluate how land use change alters peak runoff rates, and these results are then used in the design of drainage systems. Such methods however do not address the long-term hydrologic impacts of urban land use change and often do not consider how pollutants that wash off from different land uses affect water quality. L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment) is an analysis tool that provides site-specific estimates of changes in runoff, recharge and non point source pollution resulting from past or proposed land-use changes. It gives long-term average annual runoff for a land use configuration, based on climate data for that area. In this study, the environmental and hydrological impact from the urbanized basin had been examined with GIS L-THIA in Korea.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main policies of the last half century that have shaped the urban architectural fabric of Seoul today, and explore whether a modified approach might better address the current socioeconomic conditions in Korea. The paper defines and examines urban planning in Korea through an overview of the four main urban project policies implemented in Seoul from the 1960s to the present: Land Readjustment (LR), Housing Site Development (HSD), Urban Redevelopment (UR), and Housing Reconstruction (HR). While the fundamental ideology behind these policies served well during a prolonged period of high economic growth, evidence is growing that these policies are losing steam under today's conditions. A growing legacy of stalled and incomplete urban projects from the mid-2000s-the New Town Project is an example-begs the fundamental question as to whether an alternative urban planning paradigm is needed for Korea in an age of low economic growth, low birth rates and a fossil fuel energy crisis. Through the urban morphologies of the three residential areas in Seoul developed by LR projects, this paper looks at the possibility of urban regeneration through the sustainment of urban architecture in those residential areas that have not been affected by HSD, UR, and HR.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.856-878
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• 2013

This paper examines the recent changes of urban center in metropolis in terms of land use. Jung-Gu, Daegu City is analyzed for a case study, and publicly notified individual land price data of 2000 and 2011 are used as analysis materials. The analyzing results show that a lot of residential land uses diminished in urban center, but residential function is still significant despite such decrease. Commercial land uses also decreased. Office land uses increased, but the increase is insignificant. On the contrary, unused or miscellaneously used land increased considerably. The phenomena implicate that land uses in the urban center are not positive under the influence of inner city decline. Overall, more land use changes occurred in the frame than in the core of urban center. That is, land uses in the core is more stable than them in the frame. However, decreasing commercial land uses in the core is noticeable, comparing to the frame. Mixed land uses for residence and commerce are most deconcentrated and office land uses most concentrated. Mean center point and standard deviation distance of land uses did not change significantly from 2000 to 2011, despite considerable change of land uses. The finding reveals that land use changes are widely occurring in urban center.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

This study illustrates changes in the epilithic diatom assemblages in response to urban climatic conditions. We further assess the impact of abnormal urban climate to the urban stream environment. Epilithic diatoms, water chemical and physical variables were sampled every quarter, and assessed at 3 Oncheon stream sites, for a period of two years(from 2013~2014). The variation of physiochemical properties such as BOD, COD, T-N and T-P, show that the water quality was strongly influenced with long periods of drought and flood disturbance. Epilithic diatom assemblages were separated along the stream sites; however, the physical disturbance from urban drought and stormwater changed the composition of diatom assemblages instead of decreasing the taxonomic richness. Thus, our results suggest that epilithic diatom assemblages are altered in response to urban climatic changes, resulting in variations of stream conditions. Hence, strategies of climate change adaptation are required when considering urban stream environments.