• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.633-648
• /
• 2010

The study was performed to elucidate the characteristics of VOCs at distinct monitoring sites in urban atmosphere; one is at a roadside in downtown inland city of Jeonju, and the other is at an industrial site in Gunsan near coastal area. The ambient samples were collected for 24 hours in two-bed adsorbent tubes by using MTS-32 sequential tube sampler equipped with Flex air pump every 16 days in a roadside and a industrial complex from February to November in 2009. VOCs were determined by thermal desorption coupled with GC/MSD. Major individual VOCs in roadside samples were shown as following order in magnitude: toluene>m,p-xylene>ethyl benzene>decanal; and those in the industrial complex samples were as follows: toluene>ethanol>ethyl acetate>decanal>m,pxylene. High benzene concentration in the roadside was more frequently occurred than in the industrial complex. However ambient level of toluene in the industrial complex was higher than that in the road side. Results from roadside sample analysis showed that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were very frequently observed with higher concentrations than those in the industrial complex. It seems that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene could be the source characteristics for the roadside air. From the diurnal variation, it was found that concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenznene in the roadside were higher during rush hours; but those in the industrial complex were higher from 10 to 16 LST when the industrial activities were animated. On weekly base, the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene in the roadside were higher specifically on Wednesday, but those in the industrial complex were higher on Sunday. It was found that the general trends of VOCs levels at both sites significantly influence on seasonal changes. The results of factor analysis showed that the VOCs in the roadside were mainly affected by the emission of vehicles and the evaporation of diesel fuel, meanwhile those in the industrial complex were influenced by the evaporation of solvents and vehicular emission.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.133-145
• /
• 2012

대기 중의 총부유먼지(total suspended particulate, TSP)를 구성하는 성분들 중 organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), 금속성분은 양적으로 중요한 구성인자에 해당한다. 이들을 제외한 나머지 부분은 아직까지 정성 및 정량분석이 취약한 미지 물질(${\Sigma}X$)에 해당한다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 강서 지역에서 2009년 2-12월 기간동안 관측한 자료를 이용하여, TSP의 주요 성분들 간의 관계에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 이를 통해, TSP의 거동을 다양한 각도에서 해석하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 전체 연구기간 동안, TSP를 이루는 주요인자로서 미지의 영역이 평균적으로 48.6%를 차지할 정도로 더 지배적이란 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 TSP에 대한 그 구성 성분들간의 관계를 검토하였을 때, 미지 물질들은 이온성분들과 밀접한 연관성을 보일뿐 아니라 TSP의 함량과 정비례 관계임을 확인하였다. 반면, 양자를 TSP의 농도로 표준화(normalization)를 하였을 경우, 뚜렷한 반비례 관계에(강한 역상관성)이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 ${\Sigma}X$가 이온성분과는 달리 수용성이 떨어지는 특성을 지닌 것을 반영한 것으로 사료된다. TSP의 거동을 보다 체계적으로 이해하고 이를 도시 대기질 관리에 적용하기 위해서는, ${\Sigma}X$의 조성이나 거동을 명확하게 규정하기 위한 여러 가지 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.169-189
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 혁신지구의 논의를 종합하고 혁신지구의 거버넌스 대안을 제시한다. 산업특화와 네트워킹, 가치사슬과 산업생태계에 중점을 두었던 클러스터정책은 이제는 한계를 노정하고 있다. 도시혁신의 시대, 산업, 주거, 여가의 융복합시대, 연관다양성의 시대에 적합한 혁신지구는, 다양한 중소규모의 혁신, 공방과 산업의 융복합으로 인한 협력과 대도시지역의 다양한 기반자원을 활용하고, 지역사회와의 통합성과 포용성을 강조한다. 민관 파트너십에 의한 협력적 거버넌스에 기반한 퀸터플 헬릭스의 구축, 장소성과 장소의 위신을 강화하는 물리적, 문화적 환경, 서비스업과의 융합이 중요하다. 산업적 측면을 넘어서 혁신지구는 도시 에메니티와 생활양식의 변화를 추동하고, 창조적 분위기 즉, 다양성, 생활양식, 매력, 개방성 등을 만들어내고, 이벤트, 거리예술, 야간활동 등 다양한 사회, 문화적 측면들과 밀접하게 연결되어 사회적 활력과 경제적 상호작용을 증진한다. 혁신지구 거버넌스는 기업 간 교환, 조합, 지식과 자원의 창출을 촉진한다. 나아가 기업 간 교환에 의해 지식이 창출되면 거버넌스 체제의 변화에도 영향을 주어, 경직적이고 중앙집중적인 체제에서 개방적, 역동적, 유기적 체제로 진화하게 된다. 혁신지구 정책을 통해 기존의 중심업무지구(CBD)는 중심활력지구(CLD)로 변모할 수 있을 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2015

This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.

• 대기
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.283-294
• /
• 2015

For urban flash flood simulation, we need the higher resolution radar rainfall than radar rainfall of KMA, which has 10 min time and 1km spatial resolution, because the area of subbasins is almost below $1km^2$. Moreover, we have to secure the high quantitative accuracy for considering the urban hydrological model that is sensitive to rainfall input. In this study, we developed the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), which has 250 m spatial resolution and high accuracy using KMA AWS and SK Planet stations with Mt. Gwangdeok radar data in Seoul area. As the results, the rainfall field using KMA AWS (QPE1) is showed high smoothing effect and the rainfall field using Mt. Gwangdeok radar is lower estimated than other rainfall fields. The rainfall field using KMA AWS and SK Planet (QPE2) and conditional merged rainfall field (QPE4) has high quantitative accuracy. In addition, they have small smoothed area and well displayed the spatial variation of rainfall distribution. In particular, the quantitative accuracy of QPE4 is slightly less than QPE2, but it has been simulated well the non-homogeneity of the spatial distribution of rainfall.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1985

The effect on the particulate matters in the atmosphere was investigated in Seoul area from March, 1984 to Aprill, 1985. Aerosols were collected by filters on nine stages Andrsen Air Sampler, and size distribution and total concentration of the aerosols, Fe and Pb were measured. In spring with Yellow Sand the concentration of particles in aerosols was 185.55$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 65.9%. But in spring without Yellow Sand those of particles was 135.45$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 58.6%. Accordingly the concentration of coarse particles with Yellow Sand was higher than without them in Spring. Above results indicate that in Seoul Area the main source of air pollution originated from natural burdens, especially from soil. The concentration of Pb was similarly valued through both seasons in Seoul area but fine particles valued above coarse particles. On the other hand, in urban area, the natural and anthropogenic sources have influenced on the concentration of Pb. With referred to particle size distribution for Fe, the concentration of coarse particles was 0.168$\etag/m^3$ (CP/TA: 74.3%) in Spring with Yellow Sand, 0.096$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 71.6%) without Yellow Sand and 0.083$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 67.4%) in winter, respectively. Compared with fine particles, all of them were higher. It indicated that the origin of coarse particles in urban air was not related to anthropogenic source. The concentration of Fe was influenced by Yellow Sand and contributed to air pollution.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 1986

Urban aerosol concentrations in the size range of $0.01 \sim 1.0 \mum$ have been measured by using an electrical aerosol analyzer from May through October, 1984. The total diurnal variation of the number concentration indicates that a minimum value is observed at 3 hr and a sharp increase is noticed early in the morning with a subsequent slow and continuous increase from around 7 hr until 20 hr. After that it is decreased to reach its minimum by dawn. However, both surface and volume concentrations have shown that their first maxima at 8 hr and their second at about 20 hr simultaneously. It is found that the aerosol number is mainly governed by the particles in the size range of $0.01 \sim 0.1 \mum$, while most volume is in $0.1 \sim 1.0 \mum$ size range. It is known fact that particles of $0.1 \sim 1.0 \mum$ size range affect the visibility reduction in the atmosphere. The monthly variation of aerosol concentration remarks its minimum in summer. The main factors influencing the aerosol concentration are emission of autoexhausts, various processes of production and removal, and meteorological parameters.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2012

This study observed downward long and short-wave radiant environment with selecting 4 areas which have different height in downtown and 1 suburban area to figure out the characteristic of radiant environment in each altitude. The purpose of this study is to collect the preliminary data for interpreting urban thermal environment in summer season by analyzing thermal characteristic of atmosphere in the upper of downtown. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The higher altitude has the lower temperature, and temperature difference was more huge in day time than night time. 2) The short wave radiation according to altitude was higher as altitude was high. 3) Generally, the higher altitude has the lower air temperature, and also the higher altitude has the lower downward long wave radiation by the atmospheric radiation. 4) The ratio short wave radiation of long wave radiation was lower as altitude was high. And the urbanization effect was higher as the ratio was low.

• 대기
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.155-168
• /
• 2009

Characteristics of seasonal mean diurnal temperature range (DTR) and their causes over South Korea are investigated using the 60 stations data of Korea Meteorological Administration from 1976 to 2005. In general, the seasonal mean DTR is greatest during spring (in inland area) and least during summer (urban and coastal area). The spatial and seasonal variations of DTR are closely linked with the land surface conditions (especially vegetation activity and soil moisture) and atmospheric conditions (cloud amount, precipitation, local circulation). The seasonal mean DTR shows a decreasing trend at the major urban areas and at the north-eastern part of South Korea. Whereas, it shows an increasing trend at the central area of the southern part. Decreasing and increasing trends of DTR are more significant during summer and fall, and during spring and winter. The decrease (increase) of DTR is mainly caused by the stronger increase of daily minimum (maximum) temperature than daily maximum (minimum) temperature. The negative effects of precipitation and cloud amount on the DTR are greater during spring and at the inland area than during winter and at the coastal area. And the effect of daytime precipitation on the DTR is greater than that of nighttime precipitation.

• 대기
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.187-201
• /
• 2006

During summer (JJA) of 2004, a record-high temperature in Korea appeared at Miryang ($38.5^{\circ}C$ on July 30). Moreover, Miryang showed the most frequent occurrence (25 days in JJA) of the daily highest temperature among observational sites in Korea. Based on meteorological analysis, it is found that this phenomenon is caused by neither the global warming effect nor the urban climate effect. It is caused by the mesoscale and synoptic and/or global scale atmospheric circulations, as evidenced by several factors described below. Firstly, the hottest areas have normally occurred not at a point but over an area, particularly along an axis connecting Sancheong and Daegu. But in 2004, this axis has moved southward and locates over Namhae-Miryang due to northerlies that were induced by the heating effect related to the low snow-cover on the Tibet Plateau. Secondly, although the maximum temperature was the highest among observational sites in Korea, the daily mean temperature and the number of nights with air temperature over $25^{\circ}C$ were not the highest at Miryang. Thirdly, the downdraft induced by the second circulation of typhoon and abnormal development of the North-Pacific High were found to have exerted an important role.