• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.255-265
• /
• 2015

When it comes to how to define history·culture streets, people think of the streets as street environments that would create local identity in association with this local community's particular historical and cultural resources as well as urban streets. In order to build such streets, any relevant fields first need to apply some original design based on understanding on historical and cultural resources. With Street of Gaya in Gimhae selected as a research subject, this study aims to look into components and color characteristics of the history·culture street and finds ways to create other streets of that kind. As a frame to understand the history·culture streets, what this study would come up with is considered significant in that it helps the value to be re-recognized and promoted. In order to achieve the research goal, the study (1) extracted components of streetscapes referring to relevant previous researches and then, (2) analyzed a current status of these components of Street of Gaya via field investigation. (3) The study examined color characteristics of each of the components. Findings of the research are summarized as follows. (1) From a comprehensive point of view, the study categorized and subdivided the components of the history·culture street into nonphysical and physical elements. (2) After analyzing the current status of the components, the study learned that Street of Gaya basically consists of historical and cultural remains and sculptures as well as street facilities. (3) Results of the color investigation reported that the plan on designing of Street of Gaya had been processed with a focus laid on harmony of historical remains and cultural remains which are told to be natural components. However, the study also figured out that as long as relevant fields want to create different identity in each section and to efficiently deliver information, they should first prepare this smart design system to integrate each pieces of a streetscape as a whole.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.9 no.2 s.23
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2000

The region of Southeast Asia had already experienced rapid urbanization and cultural change before the East Asia region did. None the less, nowadays shophouses and rowhouses still form the major portion of streets in Chinese town in Southeast Asia countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the adaptation process of shophouse and rowhouse in the Southeast Asia region and the architectural characteristics between the middle of 18th and the early of 20th, which Chinese people of the region inherit and develop, for more thorough understanding of cultural adaptability and regionalism of Chinese architecture in Southeast Asia. The common fact found in the Southeast Asia region is that Chinese people in countries of this region gradually started to live densely as a group in a certain zone in city area since they got to play important roles in commerce, trade and service works related with cities, due to European countries' advance into Southeast Asia and their construction of colonial cities in the region. Chinese people in the region utilized residential rowhouse and special shophouse, which is a kind of shop adapted from rowhouses' sitting room or storage, for their commercial and industrial activities in urban areas, which had problems of limited space. They also realized high densities through vertical expansion of space in order to adjust to changing urban structure under execution of urban planning in cities of colonial area and rapid urbanization. Even though residence of Chinese in Southeast Asia was influenced by new political, social, economic and cultural rules of European colonies in Southeast Asia, it has continuously succeeded to the cultural tradition of China, their home country, in terms of planning principle which puts air well in the middle and hierarchial spacial construction method. Appearance of the open connected verandah, designed by Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore, can be regarded as one of the architectural characters. Hence, Chinese residence in cities of Southeast Asia can be understood as a new regional architectural culture in the context of European countries' urban planning and urbanization of colonial areas, Immigrants from southern China and their role, their adjustment to urban areas by utilizing mixed type houses of residence and business, cultural tradition of Chinese home country.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.137-151
• /
• 2021

Revitalized alley-type urban commercial streets have recently received a lot of attention as a preferred place for people. The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methods for the making of alley-type urban commercial street. For that, theoretical review and case analysis were conducted on the street spatial characteristics of 'Jeonridan-gil' and 'Mangmidan-gil' in Busan, about site overview, street spatial composition, building use, streetscape and street furniture. The implications through the study are as follows. (1) Street environment should be created to improve the pedestrian space and environment. (2) The existing main use and the newly introduced use need to be coexisted. (3) The identity of the street must be maintained through adaptive reuse, etc. (4) The voluntary formation of the private sector and the planned making of the public need to be cooperated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2019

The study analyzed the greenness index that residents experience on the streets of rural areas, where characteristics are different from those of urban areas and the effects of these characteristics were investigated. In Yesan-gun, Chungnam, in order to analyze the greenness indices, the streets were categorized into 7 types. Then, two types of streetscape greenness indices were surveyed, analyzed, and compared. One is the street-trees greenness index which takes into account only the trees lining the street and the other is the street greenness index considering total artificial green, natural green, and productive green surfaces. As a result, using the street-tree greenness index the street greenness index of Yesan-gun was analyzed as 15.93% on national highways, 26.14% for local roads, 28.28% for gun-roads, 24.72% for myun-roads, 40.70% for li-roads, 32.78% for nong-roads, and 18.36% for urban planning roads. Using the street greenness index, the street-trees greenness index was analyzed to be 5.02% for national highways, 9.10% for local roads, 8.55% for gun-roads, 4.51% for myun-roads, 6.92% for li-roads, 2.56% for nong-roads, and 9.39% for urban planning roads. To analyze what factors have an impact on the street-trees greenness index and the street greenness index, the study analyzed the effects of street side-land uses, lane types, street-trees, and sidewalks. As a result, both the street greenness index and the street-trees greenness index responded according to the land use adjacent to the street, lane types, and sidewalks. The street greenness index did not change due to the existence of street-trees, but the street-trees greenness index did. Through comparison with other studies, it was found that Yesan-gun needs to improve its streetscape to improve its greenness index rating.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.11
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2018

This study investigates the effect of urban and architectural forms on the microclimate in urban areas. It applies urban and architectural elements such as urban form and tissue and building form and characteristics as the main influences on the microclimate within urban area. Among the 23 Automated Weather Stations (AWS) installed within Seoul city by the Korea Meteorological Administration, 6 sites were selected for the analysis, based on their different urban and architectural characteristics, and actual measurements were conducted in August 2017 using individual AWS equipment. Also, the measurements of microclimate and urban and architectural elements within a 500m radius of the AWS measurement points were collected and analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that the microclimate elements, such as wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature, were affected by the direction of the streets, the width, depth, and height of the buildings, the topographic elevation and direction and the traffic volume. This study is expected to contribute to mitigating urban heat island effect and setting the foundation for sustainable cities through development of urban management methods and techniques including the relationship between built environment elements and microclimate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.1105-1114
• /
• 2011

In this study, thermal environment improvements throughout public design improvement project on the urban street space were compared and evaluated. Thermo-Render 3.0, 3D-CAD based thermal environment simulation program, had been used for thermal environment improvement evaluations. Followings are the results. First, clayey blocks which have low heat transfer rate and cool island effect by trees and roof gardens brought cooling effects for buildings and surface of streets. Seconds, MRT values showed low levels because of low radiant mulching materials. Thirds, roof gardens contributed to reduce heat island effect since HIP levels were affected by decreasing heat storage effect of buildings from roof gardens. As a result, reducing heat storage effect throughout selecting and arranging proper materials which would not increase heat island potentials should be performed to improve heat island effects.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1363-1374
• /
• 2017

Global climate change caused by industrialization has caused abnormal weather conditions such as urban temperatures and tropical nights, urban heat waves, heat waves, and heavy rains. Therefore, the study tried to analyze climate conditions and weather conditions in the streets and analyze climate factors and meteorological factors that lead to inconvenience to citizens. In the case of trees, the overall temperature, surface temperature, solar irradiance, and net radiation were measured low, and the temperature was lower in the Pedestrian road than in roads. The dry bulb temperature, the black bulb temperature, and the wet bulb temperature for the thermal evaluation showed the same tendency. In the case of thermal evaluation, there was a similar tendency to temperature in WBGT, MRT, and UTCI, and varied differences between types. Although the correlation between the meteorological environment and the thermal environment showed a statistically significant significance, the difference between the measured items was not significant. The study found that the trees were generally pleasant to weather and thermal climate in the form of trees, and the differences were mostly documented.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2013

This study examines the properties of spaces where historical and cultural resources have been preserved in the street system of Daegu Yakryeong market district, by using Space Syntax methodology. The results were obtained through ASA(Angular Segment Analysis) on each node (spatial unit) in the street network. An overall characteristic of spatial configuration in street system of the surveyed district is that nodes in the street network tend to form socially integrated spatial structure to allow easy access to each space in the system. There are a small number of socially isolated spaces in the street system, which are located at nodes in narrow streets adjacent to the roadway outside the district, or in narrow alleys between early modern Korean buildings. More than half of the surveyed spaces have high levels of social integration, which contain buildings playing a central role of the community, a traditional street market, symbolic landmarks. In conclusion, it is expected that the achievements of this study will contribute in leading to rational land use planning for sound and sustainable development of historical and cultural resources in an urban district.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2017

This study investigated the characteristics of outdoor advertising in downtown streets where the local governments improved and maintained. The purpose of this study was to examine how they met outdoor advertising guidelines in the basic landscape plan and how they contributed to the improvement of urban landscape. The outdoor advertising improvement project of local governments has contributed to the formation of downtown street landscape. However, as outdoor advertising is increasingly occupied in the landscape, it becomes a factor that hinders the landscape. Moreover, as outdoor advertising aims at advertisement, unique outdoor advertising has appeared, which is not matched with the surroundings. Therefore, it is necessary to take complementary measures. This study is a basic study to investigate the characteristics of outdoor advertising improvement which is a key element of urban landscape formation. Therefore, further study should be conducted on how an improved street image is evaluated.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the microbial characteristics of the urban air pollution in the subway stations, streets, department stores, wholesale markets, underground shopping centers, buildings, parks, houses and apartments in the Seoul and the suburbs area. Total cell count, total mold count and the presence of opportunistic pathogens(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.) were evaluated determine the microbial air quality. Total cell count and mold count of indoor air in the houses and apartments were 2.9$\times$10$^2$-6.3$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥ and 60-1.8$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥, respectively, and the department stores and wholesale markets had much lower cell count than the houses and apartments. Ground level of commercial stations were 2.6 fold higher than the general subway stations, and Apergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. which could cause the bronchus and lung diseases were detected 17 sampling site out of 45. Dust were collected from the commercial facilities and houses, and total cell and mold count of the dust were 4.3$\times$10$^3$-1.7$\times$10$^{6}$ cfu/g and 2.3$\times$10$^3$-6.5 $\times$10$^4$cfu/g, respectively. Therefore the dust might be one of the main reservoir of microorganims.