• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

Recently, it appears several counterproposals about desirable figures of urban architecture. All of them proposes 'publicity' with cohernt tendency. The reason why it concentrates quantitative expansion of city without united design by urban plannar is that neglect quality values of city. As a solution of poor environment, there cue out the various efforts, about problem of each building, problem of city space, problem of laws and so forth. The reason why necessity of public space was embossed in that architecture extend the activity of citizen and make up the city space. But, each building pursues the private interest, so it is difficult to secure a public space with a high hand. Thus, architecture law has been revised in 1991 and bring the system of open space to match up the publicity and the private interest. Actually, western country brought it and obtained excellent results. While quantity of open space have increased since 1991, a lot of problems revealed in real usage and quality. By means of problem's solution, this study focus on the diversion of recognition for necessity of various open space. In result, on the occasion of approach and openess, except for several building, most glass a facade and the pedestrian can approach easily. Moreover, office buildings near the subway station connected with their low floor. So, the office buildings give openess to pedestrian and a people can approach easily to the buildings. On the occasion of amenity, most have bank and lobby on the first floor and have facilities on the underground floor. It leave open. But the reason why they have bank and lobby is that the space is dry and boring(without elements of nature and rest space). Hence, to make a space full of vitality, it have to plan various design elements and facilities. First of all, plan of indoor public space have to make up facility for the public interest. This study is basic investigation for necessity of indoor public space and through the survey of office buildings, it analyze the character of plan and find out the method of publicity's realization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 1999

The Buildings and facilities of municipal Councils of fundamental autonomous organization in various regions were made on the basis of its experiences in 1950s but lacked constructional sophistication and failed to comprehend their functions, resulting in several repairs and renovations after the dedications of the buildings. They also undermined the efficiencies of the worn and was a big drain on the budget of municipal councils. Furthermore, especially after the integration of rural and urban areas. Municipal councils in urban areas couldn't accommodate the increased staffs. Thereby, They used the established councils in the cities and countries and repaired and renovated other buildings of which were permitted as offices, decreasing the eligibility of the buildings for municipal councils. The poor constructional working conditions triggered new constructions of the buildings reserved only for municipal councils. The study finds out find out about the work of municipal councils and analyzes how the municipal council buildings are used as substitutional spaces, directing which way they should go in mapping out spaces. Resultantly, It becomes basic materials in constructing municipal buildings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Public buildings as a public space of the community have a close relationship with local residents and urban space. Public buildings are not a simple role as office space, but closely related to the life of the local residents. In addition, a variety of approaches, spatial, and program elements should be considered. Rising awareness for public buildings recently, aspect of design also has began to be interested. Small building is a public building that can actively cope with the social and economic environment in the rapid change. However, small building is lacking the design consideration according to the scale and economics. This paper is to present the Design Indicator that can be used to create 'small public buildings' that has been alienated from the large public buildings design development. This is intended to derive and utilize the design categories and design detail indicator of small public buildings. There are composition of design categories and design detail indicator of developed small public buildings. Design categories have developed six such as Public and Harmony, Access, Landscape Design, Space, Sustainable Design, Technique and Performance. Design Detail indicator of Small public buildings have developed all 24. Presented Design Categories and detail indicator are composed of design indicator available in all areas of design evaluation and review that includes design, function, environment, and technology of public buildings. And it is possible to apply with small public buildings in all purpose.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.937-957
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• 2017

Urban roads are not only congested with vehicles and pedestrians, but also have many pipelines buried to provide convenience for inhabitants. In addition, urban inhabitants live comfortably in buildings adjacent to the road for residence, business, commerce, rest and so on. Therefore, despite the high cost of land, urban underground buildings with high land use efficiency are constantly being built. Recently, the construction of underground buildings has caused social problems such as the collapse of surrounding roads and adjacent buildings. Institutional improvement is being actively carried out to improve this. In this study, a new type of MSRC diaphragm wall was developed and a study on the construction method of underground building was carried out. It is intended to secure the underground excavation safety of underground buildings in urban areas and effectively prevent land subsidence complaints. Also, a reasonable design method of MSRC diaphragm walls using the ultimate strength design method is presented through the flexural performance Experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Due to the lack of available site in urban setting outdoor space in elementary schools are getting smaller and tend to be replaced by indoor spaces. Focusing on courtyard, piloti space and roof space, this study analyzed the current condition and usage of the outdoor spaces in the urban mini-schools based on the analysis of architectural drawing, interview, survey, and observation. Following issues are found for appropriate planning for outdoor spaces in the urban mini-schools. Firstly, roof space needs to be coordinated with the physical education and outdoor class curriculum and should be planned separately for quiet activities. Secondly, the piloti space should be planned as an independent space rather than a connection between classroom and outdoor space, with appropriate surveillance from teacher's space for the lower graders. Thirdly, courtyard space, typical space in urban mini school surrounded by densely arranged buildings, should be thermally controlled for outdoor class or resting with appropriate screen from noise to keep quiet atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

Large-scale urban developments with increasing population and expansion of industrial facilities have destroyed the ecosystem. Consequently, the importance of vertical farm as a form of urban agriculture is increasing. However, such problems of vertical farms as economy and lack of awareness of residents are being raised. Firstly, this study derived types of vertical farm that are applicable to residential spaces through an examination of vertical farm buildings, and then inferred assessment items for a questionnaire survey for the development of u-services. Secondly, based on the issues deduced from the survey, u-services needed in vertical farm buildings were derived to use them as the basic data when we plan for a ubiquitous vertical farm building in residential space in the future. As result, the following uservices of ubiquitous vertical farm were proposed: u-notification service about the condition of crops from the aspect of growth management based on ubiquitous technology, remote/automatic control u-services, harvest information u-service for harvest management, recipe information u-service, and indoor air quality monitoring u-service, indoor environment adjusting u-service, and farm environment control u-service. Considering that many new buildings in Korea are residential buildings and many high-rise buildings are being planned, studies on vertical farm buildings must be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This study is intended to derive the adaptive reuse techniques through the history and aspects of new construction, extension, repair, and other works, limited to the deep and narrow lots facing Seongan-gil and Nammun-gil in Nammun-ro 2 ga of Cheongju, the historic urban area. The results are as follows. 1) In the case of newly built reinforced concrete buildings, the central part of the top floor of the residence or all floors are opened to the open space(void) to facilitate lighting and ventilation. This is developed as a convection phenomenon due to the temperature difference from the slits between buildings, which affects the entire air flow of the block. 2) The buildings of extension and repair are composed of two-story masonry or steel frame, both the front store facing the road and the house on the back, but it looks like one because it is in contact with each other. If only a small gap between the front and rear buildings is restored to an external space or a space equipped with sun light, a small breath can be provided in lighting and ventilation. 3) The existing two-story wooden stores and houses have lost their external space due to repairs. With minimal intervention to restore the small courtyard, slits, and space under the eaves, it will not only improve lighting and ventilation, but also create a unique appearance as a segment of the elongated store.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-28
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• 1995

How have they preserved the regional historic buildings in Korea? Do they preserve the original value as a historic building. Are there any artificial deformations deteriorating the quality of the buildings? Is the regional system for preservation effective agalnst the artificial deformations of the buildings? These questions are involved in the purposes of this paper. I investigated the historic buildings designated by Kyong-Nam provincial government. As the resuit, variouse patterns of artificial deformation were found. I found that the deformations may deteriorate the original quality of historic building, and it is related somehow to the limitations of regional system for preservation. So I suggest some alternative ideas for preserving the quality of historic buildings against artificial deformation : a. Present system for preservation is not effective for preserving various architectural value such as urban context and landscape, site planning techniques, function of a space, etc. Regional system should be revised for preserving their architectural value or meaning. b. Historic buildings should be classified and should have proper protecting area according to each architectural values or meanings, respectibly: Historic buildings with Urban context and landscape Historic buildings as a part of a complex Historic buildings as a behavorial setting. c. Historic buildings should be graded based on their quality. And standard and criteria for acceptable deformations should be established. d. Periodical inspections by experts should be carried out to check out the deformation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.178-186
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• 2014

Recently, a lower levels space has turned into a mediating space where people can experience urban spaces directly and it has revitalized communication between the city and company and also it has changed itself newly. In addition, this space which is connecting interior and exterior spaces of company's buildings can attract people living in the downtown as shock-absorbing and transitional space and it is getting more important part in urban context these days. Through case studies of corporate office space planning characteristics derived lower levels and to provide direction for the lower levels of the corporate office space planning purposes of the present study. Therefore, I establish the concept of the public good corporate office space and transition space, the concept of transition through the first Theoretical Methods. I investigate the properties of the transition area is used as the target for completion of the current construction culture destination since 2000, winning the corporate office, I have been talking about the characteristics of the corporate office along the lower part of the last PPS assessment criteria to apply to the building. PPS by applying an assessment factor can be derived for building enterprise case studies and analysis of the results the following conclusions about the use of publicity and transition space. First, lower levels of corporate office space had been applied to the use and activity in a very important project characteristics. Second, corporate office space, lower levels of access and linkages are important. Finally, in terms of public characteristics transition space is a important characteristic for low-rise space of headquarter buildings.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 2013

This study was developed to investigate the effects of privately owned public space (POPS) on urban streetscape and to find ways to prevent the discontinuation of street continuity on urban landscape when creating POPS in urban space and the surrounding streets. Several case studies and policies and laws related to POPS were reviewed to identify the practical problems as well as current state. An additional analysis was conducted on the different types of POPS to examine spatial connections between them and streetscapes and to find ways to improve POPS on urban streetscape. Our results show that POPS surrounding a building (i.e. frontage space and adjacent sidewalks) should be considered as one space in the integrated perspective. In addition, the type of facilities installed on POPS would be decided according to whether POPS is recognized as the part of public rest area or treated as the part of street. The results of the study will serve as useful data to solve the current problems with city's POPS, which destroys spatial continuity by focusing on increasing the number of POPS and creates high-rise buildings isolated from existing spaces. This study will also contribute to improve the quality of future POPS.