• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 1997

This paper was focused on the efficient management of landscape woody plants, and concerned itself with their important role in the urban environment. Based on the philosophy that there is nothing that can be done without an inventory, the purpose of this study was to develop an inventory system and iris proper application to a site for establishing a management plan Two different approaches were used, The first was to make a newly structured inventory system through collecting, analyzing, and evaluating various types of inventories used in Korea, the U. S. A., and Japan. The second approach was to apply a newly designed inventory system to the case study area. using GIS 'as a tool of spacial analysis and statistics for making decisions. The results could be summarized as follows; 1. In Korea, most of the Landscape Woozy Plants Inventories had datas which represented possession of trees, and only the work which they had done according to their traditional ways, There was no data related to the conditions, management needs, and site conditions of individual trees, This is essential information for organizing an inventory system . 2. There needs to be data which is balanced, containing tree characteristics and site characteristics. Through such information the management needs could be adjusted properly. The inventory list described in this paper was determined by botanical identity, placement condition, condition of tree, and types of work for maintaining as well as improving the condition of each tree One of the most important things was to determine the location data of each tree so as to compare data with other trees. The data gained from the field survey still had some problems because of lack of scientific method for supporting objective views, and because of actual situations, especially in the field of evaluating site conditions and management needs. All data should be revised to fit a computer data management system , if possible 3. The GIS(Geographic Information System) application showed good performance in handling inventory data for decision making. All the data used for the GIS application was divided into location and non-spatial data. Using the location data, it was easy to find the exact location of each tree on the monitor and on the maps generated by the computer even in the actual managed trite, along with various attribute data. Therefore it could be said that the entire management plan should start from data of individual trees with their exact locations, for making concrete management goals through actual budget planning.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

There has been continuous efforts to manage water resources for the required water quality criterion at river channel in Korea. However, we could obtain the partial improvement only for the point sources such as, waste waters from urban and factory site through the water quality management. Therefore, it is strongly needed that the best management practice throughout the river basin fur water quality management including non-point sources pollutant loads. This problem should be resolved by recognizing the non-point sources pollutant loads from the upstream river basin to the outlet of the basin depends on the landuse and soil type characteristics of the river basin using the computer simulation by a distributed model based on the detailed investigation and application of Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of this study is consisted of the three major distributions, which are the investigation of spread non-point sources pollutants throughout the river basin, development of the base maps to represent and interpret the input and outputs of the distributed simulation model, and prediction of non-point sources pollutant loads at the outlet of a up-stream river basin using Agricultural Non-Point Sources Model (AGNPS). For the validation purpose, the Seom-Jin River basin was selected with two flood events in 1998. The results of this application showed that the use of combined a distributed model and an application of GIS was very effective fur the best water resources and quality management practice throughout the river basin

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.181-196
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• 2019

Floods can be caused by a variety of factors, and the main cause of floods is the exceeding of urban drainage system or river capacity. In addition, rainfall frequently occurs that causes large watershed runoff. Since the existing methodology of preparing for flood risk map is based on hydraulic and hydrological modeling, it is difficult to analyse for a large area because it takes a long time due to the extensive data collection and complex analysis process. In order to overcome this problem, this study proposes a methodology of mapping for flood vulnerable area that considered the surface runoff mechanism. This makes it possible to reduce the time and effort required to estimate flood vulnerabilities and enable detailed analysis of large areas. The target area is Seoul, and it was confirmed that flood damage is likely to occur near selected vulnerable areas by verifying using 2×2 confusion matrix and ROC curve. By selecting and prioritizing flood vulnerable areas through the surface runoff mechanism proposed in this study, the establishment of systematic disaster prevention measures and efficient budget allocation will be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2009

This study was intended to increase efficiency of traffic flow management on intersection. The result suggested to establish a left-turn at own risk lane to increase efficiency of traffic flow on intersection. The scope of the research was to investigate the geometric structure of a signal-controlled intersection, traffic volume(density) with respect to directions and traffic signal display, and to select a signalling intersection into which a car waiting for a traffic signal enters by adjusting the display sequence of traffic signal. The delay with respect to directions and for the whole intersection was compared for the current situation and an improvement plan. Using TSIS, a traffic analysis package, the traffic situation on an intersection was investigated. Based on the simulation result for Seok-Jeon intersection in Ma-San selected from the field investigation of intersections to which an improvement plans would be applicable, the waiting time in the direction without a entering traffic signal was decreased to be 78.6 seconds per car and that of the direction expecting the increase of waiting time was increased by 4 seconds per car only. It was confirmed that the waiting time for the whole intersection was improved.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

As the power and scale of typhoons are growing due to global warming and socioeconomic damages induced by super-typhoons are increasing, it is important to estimate inundation damages and to prepare proper adaptation plans against an attack of the super-typhoon. In this paper, we estimated the inundation damages of urban area around Haeundae beach induced by super-typhoons which follow the route of Typhoon Maemi with the conditions of Typhoon Vera (Ise Bay in Japan, 1959), Typhoon Durian (Philippine, 2006) and Hurricane Katrina (New Oleans in U.S.A, 2005). The coastal area around the Haeundae beach (Busan and Gyeongnam province) is expectedly damaged by severe storm surges. In this study we calculated the rise of sea level height after harmonizing the different datum levels of land and ocean and estimated the inundation depth, inundation area and the amount of building damages by using airborne LiDAR data and GIS spatial analysis techniques more accurately and quantitatively. As many researchers are predicting that super-typhoon of overwhelming power will occur around the Korean peninsula in the near future, the results of this study are expected to contribute to producing coastal inundation map and evacuation planning.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.139-153
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• 2020

Using a computationalfluid dynamics(CFD) model, thisstudy evaluated the representativeness of an air quality monitoring system (AQMS) in an urban area and presented a methodology to determine the suitable AQMS locations for specific purposes. For this, we selected a 1.6 km × 1.6 km area around the Eunpyeong-gu AQMS (AQMS 111181) as a target area. We conducted simulationsfor two emission scenarios (scenario one: air pollutants transported from inflow boundaries, scenario two: air pollutants emitted from roads). Urban airflows were markedly influenced by mountainous terrain located in the northeast and southeast of the target area, and complicated airflow patterns occurred around the buildings. The distributions of air pollutants were dependent on the terrain (mountain) in scenario one, but the road location and building height in scenario 2. We evaluated whether the AQMS could represent the air quality in the target area based on the simulations for two scenarios. The concentrations simulated at the AQMS were similar in magnitude to the layer mean concentrations, which indicated good representativeness for the air quality in the target area. We also suggested which locations were suitable for different measurement purposes (hot spots, clean zones, average zones, shelter zones, equi-background zones).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.158-167
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• 2006

The object of this study is to detect of land-cover change in western DMZ and vicinity. This was performed as a basic study to construct a decision support system for the conservation or a sustainable development of the DMZ and Vicinity near future. DMZ is an is 4km wide and 250km long and it's one of the most highly fortified boundaries in the world and also a unique thin green line. Environmentalists want to declare the DMZ as a natural reserve and a biodiversity zone, but nowadays through the strengthening of the inter-Korean economic cooperation, some developers are trying to construct a new-town or an industrial complex inside of the DMZ. This study investigates the current environmental conditions, especially deforestation of the western DMZ adopting remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Land-covers were identified through the linear spectvral mixture analysis(LSMA) which was used to handle the spectral mixture problem of low spatial resolution imagery of Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. To analyze quantitative and spatial change of vegetation-cover in western DMZ, GIS overlay method was used. In LSMA, to develop high-quality fraction images, three endmembers of green vegetation(GV), soil, water were driven from pure features in the imagery. Through 15 years, from 1987 to 2002, forest of western DMZ and vicinity was devastated and changed to urban, farmland or barren land. Northern part of western DMZ and vicinity was more deforested than that of southern part. ($52.37km^2$ of North Korean forest and $39.04km^2$ of South Korean were change to other land-covers.) In case of North Korean part, forest changed to barren land and farmland and in South Korean part, forest changed to farmland and urban area. Especially, In North Korean part of DMZ and vicinity, $56.15km^2$ of farmland changed to barren land through 15 years, which showed the failure of the 'Darakbat' (terrace filed) project which is one of food increase projects in North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Quantification of carbon absorption and understanding the human induced land use changes (LUC) forms one of the major study with respect to global climatic changes. An attempt study has been made to quantify the carbon absorption by LUC through remote sensing technology. The Landsat imagery four time periods was classified with the hybrid classification method in order to quantify carbon absorption by LUC. Thereafter, for estimating the amount of carbon absorption, the stand biomass of forest was estimated with the total weight, which was the sum of individual tree weight. Individual tree volumes could be estimated with the crown width extracted from digital forest cover type map. In particular, the carbon conversion index and the ratio of the $CO_2$ molecular weight to the C atomic weight, reported in the IPCC guideline, was used to convert the stand biomass into the amount of carbon absorption. Total carbon absorption has been modeled by taking areal estimates of LUC of four time periods and carbon factors for land use type and standing biomass. Results of this study, through LUC suggests that over a period of construction, 7.10 % of forest and 9.43 % of barren were converted into urban. In the conversion process, there has been a loss of 6.66 t/ha/y (7.94 %) of carbon absorption from the study area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.