• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.600-618
• /
• 2014

The metadata for urban meteorological observation is standardized through comparison with those established at the World Meteorological Organization and the Korea Meteorological Administration to understand the surrounding environment around the sites exactly and maintain the networks and sites efficiently. It categorizes into metadata for an observational network and observational sites. The latter is again divided into the metadata for station general information, local scale information, micro scale information, and visual information in order to explain urban environment in detail. The metadata also contains the static information such as urban structure, surface cover, metabolism, communication, building density, roof type, moisture/heat sources, and traffic as well as the update information on the environment change, maintenance, replacement, and/or calibration of sensors. The standardized metadata for urban meteorological observation is applied to the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) integrated meteorological sensor network and sites installed at Incheon area. It will be very useful for site manager as well as researchers in fields of urban meteorology, radiation, surface energy balance, anthropogenic heat, turbulence, heat storage, and boundary layer processes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2009

Land cover changes associated with urbanization have driven climate change and pollution, which alter properties of ecosystems at local, regional, and continental scales. Thus, the relationships among urban ecological variables such as community composition, structure, health, soil and functioning need to be better understood to restore and improve urban ecosystems. In this study, we discuss urban ecosystem management and research from a futuristic perspective based on analyses of vegetation structure, composition, and successional trends, as well as the chemical properties of soils and the distribution of heat along an urban-rural gradient. Urban thermo-profile analysis using satellite images showed an obvious mitigating effect of vegetation on the Seoul heat island. Community attributes of Quercus mongolica stands reflected the effects of urbanization, such as pronounced increases in disturbance-related and pollution-tolerant species, such as Styrax japonica and Sorbus alnifolia. Retrogressive successional trends were detected in urban sites relative to those in rural sites. Changes in the urban climate and biotic environment have the potential to significantly influence the practice and outcomes of ecological management, restoration and forecasting because of the associated changes in future bio-physical settings. Thus, for management (i.e., creation and restoration) of urban green spaces, forward-thinking perspectives supported by historical information are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.675-680
• /
• 2010

Temperature is one of the main issues in climate change, and the urban heat island effect in highly developed urban areas is an important issue that we need to deal with. This study analyzed the extent of the cooling effects of urban green spaces. The study used a surface temperature map of Seoul. It found that the cooling effects of green space was observed within limited distances, although it varied a little depending on the parks investigated. The cooling effect distance ranged from 240m to 360m, averaging about 300m. It also found the size of an urban green space does not make much difference in cooling the surrounding areas. Although further investigation with diverse urban areas should be conducted on this matter, the results did imply that many small green spaces in the neighborhood are more effective than a single big green space in mitigating the heat island effects of cities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.176-186
• /
• 2013

For urban renewal projects progressing in large scale, it carries a characteristic that frequently changes the environment, subject, law, plan and the like by a demand from various participants and internal/external factors. As such large-scale urban renewal projects have a lot of possibilities of change, it requires setting a plan to recognize the possible variable factors by each project operation stage and to manage it systematically by defining the variable factors on the basis of working process of the entire project. Therefore this research has produced a factor of main variable management based on working process for systematic variable management on the projects that inherent various possibilities of change as urban environment refurbishment projects. And it also suggests the status of main variable factors characterized by project operation stages quantitatively through reflecting external and internal features for variable factors produced from utilizing ANP methodology.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.spc
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2005

It is important to assess the change of water environment in the present and past. In this study, present-day water quality standards are applied to the expressions in literary works to reconstruct the historical water environment including the quality. As the result, the historical reconstruction of water quality has been made distribution of water quality from 1905 to 1935 for the Sumida River in Tokyo.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2017

The conflict between indoor environmental quality and energy consumption has become an unneglectable problem for highrise office buildings, where occupants' productivity is highly affected by their working environment. An effective Façade, therefore, should play the role of an active building skin by adapting to the ever-changing external environment and internal requirements. This paper explores the energy-saving and indoor environment-improving potential of a phase-change material (PCM) integrated Façade. Building performance simulations, combined with parametric study and sensitivity analysis, are adopted in this research. The result quantifies the potential of a PCM-integrated Façade with different configurations and PCM properties, taking as an example a south-oriented typical office room in Shanghai. It is found that a melting temperature of around $22^{\circ}C$ for the PCM layer is optimal. Compared to a conventional Façade, a PCM-integrated Façade effectively reduces total energy use, peak heating/cooling load, and operative temperature fluctuation during the periods of May-July and November-December.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.905-907
• /
• 2003

In this study, the correlation between the heat island effect and the vegetation in Deagu Korea was performed through using Landsat TM data. the island effect, presents high temperature on air like island, is connected with correlation between the surface temperature and the temperature on the air. In this study, surface temperature was analyzed by detecting the change of urban forestry with remote sensing using the vegetation vitality statistics reference (ratio change of the Park greens in Daegu) the heat island effect not only brings the environment pollution but also brings serious problem such as the destruction of ecosystem to city as a whole. Jeff Luvall has studied to restrain the heat island effect by making urban forestry. Even though Daegu had been the serious high temperature urban area the current temperature of Daegu has been dropped. The correlation between the heat island effect and the vegetation index was analyzed by using satellite images.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1040-1054
• /
• 2011

This formative evaluation study presents a professional development program, "Earth Science Systems for Teachers (ESST)" held in a Midwest State in the United States. This study investigates how a professional development for urban teachers affects the teacher participants' perceptions of using the urban environment for their science teaching and their lesson unit development. The purpose of the program was to help urban teachers create science units using the urban geologic environment and its connection to urban students' everyday lives. The participant teachers' daily journal entries during the program, their lesson plans before and after the program, as well as their teaching reflections were collected as major data source. The teachers' daily journal entries were analyzed qualitatively and their pre-post lessons were analyzed quantitatively using a lesson plan analysis tool, Culturally Relevant Science Teaching Perspectives (CRSTP) was developed by the author. The lesson analysis tool was used to assess teachers' science lesson plans in the perspective of culturally relevant pedagogy and place-based pedagogy. The major findings include: 1) The teacher participants' field experiences in urban geologic sites and urban environments help the teachers to change their perceptions of using the urban environment as a teaching resource and 2) there were significant differences in their pre and post lesson unit scores based on CRSTP (P<. 01). The implications of this study are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

In response to climate change under a university level, this study has intended to find carbon-neutral campus development measures for Chungbuk National University (CBNU), which is composed of such facilities as education, research, and residential buildings. To reach this goal, we reviewed related literatures to find development measures for carbon neutral campus, employed a survey method asking students to show their preference and suitability toward provided measures, and statistical analyses to find appropriate measures using factor analysis. We have found the following results. First, based on literature review, we have identified several concepts regarding carbon-neutral city and has found the elements of carbon-neutral campus development. Second, we have drawn carbon-neutral campus development measures of CBNU through factor analysis. Finally, based on the characteristics and the present carbon-neutral campus conditions of the CBNU, we presented development measures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.939-951
• /
• 2012

This study is conducted to estimate the air temperature decreasing effects by restoring urban streams using WRF/CALMET coupled system. The types of land use on covered streams are constructed with the land cover map from Korea ministry of environment. Restoring covered streams changes the types of land use on covered areas to water. Two different types of land use(CASE 1 and CASE 2) are inputted to the WRF/CALMET coupled system in order to calculate the temperature difference. The results of the WRF/CALMET coupled system are similar to the observed values at automatic weather stations(AWS) in Busan area. Restoring covered streams causes temperature to be decreased by about $0.34{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ according to the locations of streams and the regions that temperature is reduced are widely distributed over the restored area. Reduction of temperature is increased rapidly from morning and maximus at 13LST. Natural restoration of streams will reduce the built-up area within urban. With this, temperature reductions which are the cause to weaken the urban heat island appear. Relief of urban heat island will help to improve the air quality such as accumulation of air pollutants in within urban area.