• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.34 no.15
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• pp.6335-6353
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• 2021

This study examines the temporal evolution of the extratropically forced tropical response in an idealized aquaplanet model under equinox condition. We apply a surface thermal forcing in the northern extratropics that oscillates periodically in time. It is shown that tropical precipitation is unaltered by sufficiently high-frequency extratropical forcing. This sensitivity to the extratropical forcing periodicity arises from the critical time required for sea surface temperature (SST) adjustment. Low-frequency extratropical forcing grants sufficient time for atmospheric transient eddies to diffuse moist static energy to perturb the midlatitude SSTs outside the forcing region, as demonstrated by a one-dimensional energy balance model with a fixed diffusivity. As the transient eddies weaken in the subtropics, a further equatorward advection is accomplished by the Hadley circulation. The essential role of Hadley cell advection in connecting the subtropical signal to the equatorial region is supported by an idealized thermodynamical-advective model. Associated with the SST changes in the tropics is a meridional shift of the intertropical convergence zone. Since the time needed for SST adjustment increases with increasing mixed layer depth, the critical forcing period at which the extratropical forcing can affect the tropics scales linearly with the mixed layer depth. Our results highlight the important role of decadal-and-longer extratropical climate variability in shaping the tropical climate system. We also raise the possibility that the transient behavior of a tropical response forced by extratropical variability may be strongly dependent on cloud radiative effects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 1995

This paper demonstrates Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to be applied for development projects with regard to the ecological, economical and social aspects before any decisions made in the project. Korea has confronted various environmental problems during the last fifteen years, even though EIA has been enacted since 1981. The role of impact assessment in planning and policy processes should be emphasized to investigate the magnitude and intensity of the adverse influences of economic development. In the Seoul Metropolitan Region, it is necessary to apply EIA all urban projects to reduce the adverse effects of urbanization. Special attention should be given to the climatological effects throughout the urbanization process in Korea to keep the urban area energy-efficient. This study intends not only to establish basic data for national-and regional-based land-use policy in the environmental aspects, but also to provide the basic data for the possible climate model (scenarios) that may provide spatial and temporal variability by analyzing the actual climatic record. There is a noticeable impact of urbanization on the atmospheric environment in the Seoul Metropolitan Region. In this sense, the climatic aspect must be taken into consideration in the process of EIA to mitigate the well-known climatic alterations of urbanization. Moreover, the techniques of assessment should be improved by developing geo-reference data sets to build models of the global climate in response to the man-made environmental change.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Background: As the impact of climate change intensifies, exposure to heat stress will grow, leading to a loss of work capacity for vulnerable occupations and affecting individual labor decisions. This study estimates the future work capacity under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario and discusses its regional impacts on the occupational structure in the Republic of Korea. Methods: The data utilized for this study constitute the local wet bulb globe temperature from the Korea Meteorological Administration and information from the Korean Working Condition Survey from the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute of Korea. Using these data, we classify the occupations vulnerable to heat stress and estimate future changes in work capacity at the local scale, considering the occupational structure. We then identify the spatial cluster of diminishing work capacity using exploratory spatial data analysis. Results: Our findings indicate that 52 occupations are at risk of heat stress, including machine operators and elementary laborers working in the construction, welding, metal, and mining industries. Moreover, spatial clusters with diminished work capacity appear in southwest Korea. Conclusion: Although previous studies investigated the work capacity associated with heat stress in terms of climatic impact, this study quantifies the local impacts due to the global risk of climate change. The results suggest the need for mainstreaming an adaptation policy related to work capacity in regional development strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Recently, major cities in Korea are suffering from frequent urban flooding caused by heavy rainfall. Such urban flooding mainly occurs due to the limited design capacity of the current drainage network, which increases the vulnerability of the cities to cope with intense precipitation events brought about by climate change. In other words, it can be interpreted that runoff exceeding the design capacity of the drainage network and increased impervious surfaces in the urban cities can overburden the current drainage system and cause floods. The study presents the green roof as a sustainable solution for this issue, and suggests the pre-design using the LID controls model in SWMM to establish more specific flood prevention system. In order to conduct the computer simulation in connection with Korean climate, the study used the measured precipitation data from Cheonan Station of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the forecasted precipitation data from RCP 8.5 scenario. As a result, Extensive Green Roof System reduced the peak runoff by 53.5% with the past storm events and by 54.9% with the future storm events. The runoff efficiency was decreased to 4% and 7%. This results can be understood that Extensive Green Roof System works effectively in reducing the peak runoff instead of reducing the total stormwater runoff.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2016

The total area of paddy field was estimated to be 55 % of the cultivated lands in South Korea, which is approximately 1 million hectares. Organisms inhabiting paddy fields if they are sensitive to environmental changes can be environmental indicator of paddy fields. Biological indicators such as phenology and distributional range are evaluated as intuitive and quantitative method to analyze the impact of climate change. This study aims to estimate flight time change of Hydrophilidae species' based on the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Unmanned monitoring systems were installed in Haenam, Buan, Dangjin and Cheorwon relative to the latitudinal gradient. In the three regions excepting Cheorwon, it was able to measure the abundance of flying Hydrochara affinis and Sternolophus rufipes. Degree-day for the flight time was determined based either on field measurement values and estimates of 2020s, 2050s and 2080s from KMA climate change scenario data. As a result, it is found that date of both species of initial flight becomes 15 days earlier, that of peak flight becomes 22 days earlier and that of final flight does 27 days earlier in 2080s compared to 2020s. The climate change impact on flight time is greater in coastal area, rural area and valley than inland area, urban area and plan. H. affinis and S. rufipes can be used as climate change indicator species.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Climate change has resulted in the urban heat island (UHI) effect throughout the globe, contributing to heat-related illness and fatalities. In order to reduce such damage, it is necessary to improve the climate observation network for precise observation of the urban thermal environment and quick UHI forecasting system. Purpose: This study analyzed the effective range of the climate observation network and the distribution of the existing Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in Seoul to propose optimal locations for additional installment of AWS. Method: First, we performed quality analysis to pinpoint missing values and outliers within the high-density temperature data measured. With the result from the analysis, a spatial autocorrelation structure in the temperature data was tested to draw the effective range and correlation distance for each major time period. Result: As a result, it turned out that the optimal effective range for the climate observation network in Seoul in July was a radius of 2.8 kilometers. Based on this result, population density, and temperature data, we selected the locations for additional installment of AWS. This study is expected to be used to generate urban temperature maps, select and move measurement locations since it is able to suggest valid, specific spatial ranges when the data measured in point is converted into surface data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2021

Stormwater reduction plays an important role in the safety and resilience to flooding in urban areas. Due to rapid climate change, the world is experiencing abnormal climate phenomena, and sudden floods and concentrated torrential rains are frequently occurring in urban basins and the amount of outflow due to stormwater increases. In addition, the damage caused by urban flooding and inundation due to extreme rainfall exceeding the events that occurred in the past increases. To solve this problem, water supply, drainage, and water supply for sustainable urban development, the water management paradigm is shifting from sewage maintenance to water circulation and water-sensitive cities. So, in this study, The purpose of this study is to examine measures to increase the resilience of urban ecosystem systems for urban excellence reduction by analyzing the effects of green infra structures and LID techniques and evaluating changes in resilience. In this study, for simulating and analysis of runoff for various stormwater patterns and LID applications, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This study conducted a quantitative assessment on the environmental flows associated with climate change in the Gosam Reservoir, Korea. The application of RCP 8.5 climate change scenario has found that the peak value of High Flow Pulses has increased by 36.0 % on average compared to historical data (2001 ~ 2010), which is likely to cause disadvantage on flood control and management but the increase in peak value is expected to make a positive impact on resolving the issue of green algal blooms, promoting vegetation in surrounding areas and encouraging spawning and providing habitats for native species by releasing a larger amount of landslides as well as organic matters than the past. However, the decreasing pattern of the peak value of High Flow Pulses is quite apparent with the trend of delay on the occurrence time of peak value, necessitating a long-term impact analysis. The peak value of Large Floods shows a clear sign of decrease against climate change scenario, which is expected to lead to changes in fish species caused by degraded quality of water and decreasing habitats. A quicker occurrence of Small Floods is also expected to make an impact on the growth cycle of aquatic plants, and the reduction in occurrence frequency of Extreme Low Flows is to contribute to increasing the population of and raising the survival rate of native fish, greatly improving the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study are expected to be useful to establish the water environment and ecological system in adapting or responding to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2021

Urban expansion, particularly converting sub-urban areas to residential and commercial land use in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. However, this results in urban climate change. One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of UHI (Urban Heat Island). Understanding the effects of urban land cover change on UHI is crucial for improving the ecology and sustainability of cities. This research reports an application of remote sensing data, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for assessing effects of urban land cover change on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) and heat budget components in Ho Chi Minh City, where is one of the fastest urbanizing region of Vietnam. The change of urban land cover component and LST in the city was derived by using multi-temporal Landsat data for the period of 1998 - 2020. The analysis showed that, from 1998 to 2020 the city had been drastically urbanized into multiple directions, with the urban areas increasing from approximately 125.281 km² in 1998 to 162.6 km² in 2007, and 267.2 km² in 2020, respectively. The results of retrieved LST revealed the radiant temperature for 1998 ranging from 20.2℃ to 31.2℃, while that for 2020 remarkably higher ranging from 22.1℃ to 42.3℃. The results also revealed that given the same percentage of urban land cover components, vegetation area is more effective to reduce the value of LST, meanwhile the impervious surface is the most effective factor to increase the value of the LST.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2012

The climate change and global warming has been a world-wide issue. Also, the green growth has been a widely adopted strategy for national and regional development. In particular, after the Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was declared, the low carbon society was inevitable phenomenon. The hydrologic cycle in urban catchment has been changed due to the expansion of impervious area by rapid urban development. This paper has examined the Water cycle planning elements for green city in the scale of urban planning as well as site planning including housing site. In this study, the SWMM5-LID (Storm Water Management Model5-LID) model was used to simulate the hydrologic cycle of the test catchment as a typical urban catchment. We performed continuous simulation on urban runoff before and after the development of the test catchment and after the installation of Green city planning Elements.