• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2014

The experiments were carried out to decide the selective fishing gear of the shrimp beam trawl fishery. The model nets were made of General type, Double-level type and Grid type. The model experiments were carried out to test opening efficiency and towing tension. The experimental tanks were the flume tank [$8.0L{\times}2.8W{\times}1.4H(m)$] and the towing tank [$85L{\times}10W{\times}3.5H(m)$] in National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. The full scale experiments were carried out to compare the selectivity of General type net, Double-level type net and Grid type net in the southern sea of korea. The vertical opening (net height) of the model nets can be expressed as a function of the towing velocity as the straight line. The towing tension of the model nets can be expressed as a function of the towing velocity as the parabola. The shrimp catching rates of upper cod end in Boryeong and tongyeong were 78%, 9% respectively, but the rates of lower cod end were 23%, 91% respectively. The number bycatch rates of General type and Grid type were 23%, 11% respectively, and the weight bycatch rates were 34%, 31% respectively. A selective shrimp beam trawl net is Grid type in korea coastal sea.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.635-645
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• 1999

The present study examines the effects of orthodontic treatment of surgically exposed impacted upper canines or ectopically erupted upper canines to periodontal condition and whether various opening procedures have significant difference in postoperative periodontal status. The subjects included 23 orthodontic patients(7 men, 16 women) with unilateral upper canine impaction treated either with closed eruption technique(group I), with apically positioned flap procedure (group II), and those with canines ectopically erupted through keratinized gingiva (group III). In each subject, the ectopic canine was orthodontically aligned, and changes in periodontal tissue were assessed by measuring keratinized gingival width, attached gingival width, probing depth and bone probing depth. In all three groups, the width of keratinized gingiva was preserved while showed no signs of detrimental periodontal condition such as gingival recession. In all three groups, no significant difference in periodontal pocket depth from control was observed. The width of attached gingiva was significantly greater in patients treated with apically positioned flap procedure(group II) than in patients on other groups.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.776-783
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• 2020

As the refueling of a sodium-cooled fast reactor is conducted by rotating part of the reactor head without opening it, the monitoring of existing obstacles that can disturb the rotation of the reactor head is one of the most important issues. This paper deals with the ultrasonic ranging technique that directly monitors the existence of possible obstacles located in a lateral gap between the upper internal structure and the reactor core in a prototype generation IV sodium-cooled fast reactor (PGSFR). A 10 m long plate-type ultrasonic waveguide sensor, whose feasibility has been successfully demonstrated through preliminary tests, was employed for the ultrasonic ranging technique. The design of the sensor's wave radiating section was modified to improve the radiation performance, and the radiated field was investigated through beam profile measurements. A test facility simulating the lower part of the upper internal structure and the upper part of the reactor core with the same shapes and sizes as those in the PGSFR was newly constructed. Several under-water performance tests were then carried out at room temperature to investigate the applicability of the developed ranging technique using the plate-type ultrasonic waveguide sensor with the actual geometry of the PGSFR's internal structures.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1999

In order to understand the initial feeding time of larvae red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius changes of mouth size were investigated. Also, the fecundity of different size of red marbled rockfish broodstocks was measured. The broodstocks of red marbled rockfish, S. terius of $32.3\pm6.52 cm$ and larger than 45cm in total length spawned 296,648 and 600,000 larvae, respectively. About 50% was normal healthy larvae among the spawned ones. Mouth sizes calculated by the angle mouth opening and upper jaw length for newly spawned red marbled rockfish larvae were 0.263, 0.197 and 0.132 mm at D, 0.75D and 0.5D, respectively, when the upper jaw length was 0.186mm. Thereafter, 20 days old larvae showed 0.822, 0.617 and 0.411 mm in calculated mouth length at D, 0.75D and rockfish larvae grows, their upper jaw length gradually increased. 2 days old red marbled rockfish larvae possibly stated to feed rotifers and lasted their feeding for the another 35days, relatively long periods compared with other larvae fish. And 25 days old larvae possibly fed the newly hatched Artemia nauplii and lasted their feeding for the another 20 days, like other larvae fish. The proper supplying time of artificial feeds for the red marbled rockfish larvae seemed to be around 10 days after spawning.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2002

열원의 발열이 있는 작은 공간에서 상승기류에 의한 연기 확산의 특징에 대하여 조사하였다. 유입구와 유출구의 위치와 연기의 발생위치의 변화에 대한 3가지의 경우에 대하여 수치시뮬레이션을 이용하여 연기가 어떻게 확산되는가를 알아보았다. 좌측 상부에 유입구와 우측 하부에 유출구가 설치된 경우와 좌측 하부에 유입구, 우측 상부에 유출구가 설치된 경우는 기류속도, 공기온도 및 연기농도는 비슷한 분포를 나타냈다. 또한, 좌측 하부의 유입구와 우측 상부의 유출구인 경우 온도분포는 0∼0.3이고, 연기의 농도분포는 0.06∼0.14로 나타났다. 특히, 열원의 발열의 위치는 작은 실에 있어서 온도분포에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 농도분포에는 영향을 미치는 것을 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify the body shapes. exclusive of size and corpulence factors of more than 60-year old elderly women by distinctions, and to investigate the visual effects of combination of ensemble suit details. For the body shape classification, the factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed : the mean value difference of numeral values for classified types were tested by ANOVA : and the follow-up test was conducted by the Duncan's multiple ranged test. The data analysis for visual effects evaluated by a multiple ranking test was analysed by mean. paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple ranged test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The followings are the types of body shape according to the shape factors of the front line of body for elderly women. The distinctions of the front li e of elderly women's body could be presumed; that was, Body typeⅠ was a comparatively well-balanced body type, Body type Ⅱ was close to an average body type. and Body type In was a severely corpulent body type. 2. The followings are the results on the physical visual effects inducing the constituents of clothing type. 1) The neckline·collar types of a jacket have a great influence on the visual effects of the upper body, and orderly. the tailored collar. soutien collar, and round neckline had positive influence on the visual effects in the upper body. 2) The pleat types of one-piece dress had positive influence on the visual effects in the lower body in the order of gored type, pleats type, and gathered type. Also. the balance in the lower body had more influence on the overall balance of the clothing compared to the constituents of clothing type such as neckline collar type or opening line. 3) It showed that whether there is the front opening line of a jacket influenced on the visual effects of all categories.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1981

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of investing medium to the amount of vertical occlusal changes and to the differences of surface smoothness during denture construction. Three groups of 20 dentures, 30 sets of upper and lower were fabricated of conventional heatcuring acrylic denture base resin, using silicone-gypsum molding techniques, with or without covering the occlusal surfaces of the teeth by artificial stone and all-gypsum molding techniques. The distance between the two reference points indented by 1/2 round bur on the upper and lower frontal surfaces of each articulator were measured and recorded before processing and again after processing and remounting of each denture on the articulator. The differences between the two recordings indicated the amount of vertical opening during denture processing. The difference of surface smoothness were investigated and determined by 3 observers continual comparing of the two randomly selected dentures with each other, which were seperately selected as pairs from the different two groups of 20. The results obtained were as follows: 1. During resin processing no statistically significant differences of the amount of vertical occlusal changes were detected between any of the two groups of two silicone-gypsum and one allgypsum molding techniques, although the amount of vertical opening was somewhat increased when silicone-gypsum molding technique was used. 2. Surface smoothness of the processed denture was makedly by increased when silicone-gypsum molding technique was used.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

상층부의 온도, 경계면 높이 및 흐름형태를 연구하기 위하여 쓰레기통, 의자, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농화재 실험을 실제 건물에서 수행하였다. 상부층의 온도와 경계면의 높이는 사각 쓰레기통의 경우 개구부의 흐름계수가 0.65∼0.8, 원형 쓰레기통 및 의자의 경우는 0.65∼0.9, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농의 경우는 0.7∼O.9일 때 실험치와 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 경계면의 높이는 가구화재시 1[m] 근처에서 정상상태를 유지하였다. 다만, 최대온도를 나타내는 시간에는 경계면 높이가 바닥에서 0.25[m]∼0.75[m]까지도 내려왔다. 개구부의 흐름형태는 분산화재의 경우는 filling과 buoyant흐름이 나타났고, 집중화재의 경우는 filling에서 바로 flow로 가고 또 flow기간도 길게 나타났다. 경계면 높이가 내려오는 속도는 가구의 가연성 및 공기와의 접촉면적에 비례하여 경계면 높이가 1[m] 근처까지 내려오는데 소요되는 시간은 1분∼3분 이내로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.717-728
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• 1996

The effects of electro-acupuncture on the pain threshold and the amplitude of dEMG(di-gastric EMG) evoked by the noxious electric stimulation on teeth and gingiva in dogs were studied. Experiments were carried out with 10 dogs weighing 5-8kg. Each animal was anestheticed with Entobar given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 30mg/kg. Maintenance dose of 5mg/kg/hr was given through a cannula, in the femoral vein, as required to keep up light anesthesia. Bipolar stimulating wire electrodes, 0.1mm in diameter, insulated except for tips, were inserted into the upper canine and palatal gingiva. Rectangular aluminium plate electrodes (15$\times$5mm) were placed on acupuncture points, called Yin-Hsiang, located at both sides of the upper jaw. Rectangular biphasic current pulses of 2Hz, with a $250{\mu}sec$ duration, were delivered for 15 minutes. The dEMG activities were recorded from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle(one of the jaw opening muscles) using bipolar wire electrodes. The magnitude of the jaw opening reflex at different intensties of electro-acupuncture(1volt 4volt and 10volt) was estimated by averaging the 30 superimposed dEMGs recorded on an oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Data were analysed statistically with ANOV A and paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Pain thresholds were increased 7.7 %, 15.4 %, 17.3 % in the teeth and 11.1 %, 19.0 %, 25.4 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 2. Amplitudes of dEMG were decreaed 8.3%, 22.4%, 27.4% in the teeth and 9.8%, 36.5%, 42.2 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 3. Inhibition of pain responses by the electroacupuncture was more effective in the gingiva than in the teeth.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1467-1470
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• 2008

An upper tibial opening wedge osteotomy is an operation to cure a malalignment and a degenerate arthritis. To prevent the postoperative malalignment caused by the upper tibial opening wedge osteotomy, the research to define the relationship between a Hinge Axis Angle and a Posterior Slope Angle is needed. The effect of the relationship between the hinge axis angle and the gap angle on the posterior slope angle is studied. After 3-D Compute Tomography (CT) scanning image is reconstructed, the virtual surgery is performed by the reconstructed 3-D tibia model. It was proved that the relationship between the hinge axis angle and the gap angle were constant and the simple mathematical model could be derived. To verify the suggested mathematical model, it compared with the measured data from the virtual surgery. In conclusion, while the deviation between the data from the virtual surgery and ones of the mathematical model under the gap angle<$10^{\circ}$ was less than 1%.