• 복식
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2001

This study, dealing with obese bodily figures from the viewpoint of garment shape, was conducted with obese male children of late school ages(nine to eleven years old) to provide data for making ready-made clothing for obese children by directly measuring and analysing the bodily figure of the upper body of them. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. According to the basic statistics, for most of obese children the values of the measuring items by ages appeared to be large, and the results of comparison with the National Anthropometric Survey of Korea made in 1997 showed that the values were more large than those of standard physical conditions. 2. It was shown that in the correlation between items the upper breast circumference had a high correlation with all items, and the weight did with the following items such as circumference, height, width and thickness. 3. The results of the principal component analysis showed that six main components hand an explainable power of more than 75.60% for all materials. The first factor was thickness and obesity of the upper body, the second one the height, the third one the length of front and rear sides, the fourth one the width of neck, the fifth one the length of shoulder, and the sixth one the breast width and the wrist circumference.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2007

Adrenal metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. We present herein a patient with adrenal metastases from recurrent papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A 54 year-old woman had received a total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy for locally advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma. One year after initial surgery, distant metastases to multiple organs including right cervical lymph nodes, left upper lung, left 2nd and 3rd ribs, 2nd thoracic vertebra and left adrenal gland were found by 18-FDG-PET-CT whole body scan. She underwent right modified neck dissection, partial resection of left 2nd and 3rd ribs, posterior arch of 2nd thoracic vertebra, left upper lobectomy of lung, and left adrenalectomy. On histologic examination, metastases to the left adrenal gland and cervical lymph nodes were papillary thyroid carcinomas, while other metastatic sites turned out to be anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Despite aggressive surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy, her general clinical conditions were getting worse day by day due to regrowing of the anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Korea.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1995

Two hundred and twenty one consecutive patients with enlarged lymph nodes of the neck were diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma by fine needle aspiration. The metastatic carcinomas were most frequent in the supraclavicular lymph nodes (p<0.05). As a primary site, lung, stomach, upper respiratory tract and breast were commonly involved in descending order of frequency. Overall, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common in males (43%) while adenocarcinoma was the most common in females (72%) (p<0.05). While carcinomas of the esophago-gastro-intestinal tract showed a tendency to metastasize to the left supraclavicular lymph nodes, metastatic carcinomas of the lung and breast usually metastasized to the same side as that of the primary cancer with a predilection for the supraclavicular lymph nodes. The submandibular lymph nodes were frequently involved by carcinoma of the upper and lower respiratory tract, in which squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent cytologic type. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology is the first step in the workup of patients with nodal enlargement suspicious for malignancy, particularly in metastatic carcinoma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.104-106
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• 2008

Purpose: Fewer than 100 cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma have been reported in the literature since this entity was initially described by Keasbey in 1953 who called it calcifying juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. The tumor is a slowly growing, painless mass. In most cases the mass is poorly circumscribed and causes neither discomfort nor limitation of movement. Most lesions occur in children, with a peak incidence ages of 8-14 years. There is no evidence of any increased familial prevalence. Predilection sites are palm, finger, toe, but it also occurs in the wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, neck, abdominal wall, lumbar paravertebral area, leg and ankle. We herein describe a rare case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the chin with review of the literature. Methods: A 14-year-old male had painless, slowly growing mass(${\phi}2.5cm$) on a chin for a year. The tumor was excised elliptically under local anesthesia and the excisional site was repaired directly. Due pathological examination was processed. Results: Histological examination revealed an illdefined fibrous growth that extends with multiple processes into the surrounding tissue with centrally located foci of calcification. The tumor is composed of short spindled plump fibroblasts with round or ovoid nuclei separated by collagenous stroma, showing vaguely palisading pattern. Diagnosis of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma was conferred. Postoperatively, the patient did well, and the lesion had not recurred. Conclusion: Fewer than 100 cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma have been reported in the literature. The most common occurring sites are palm, finger & toe, but it has been reported in the wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, neck, abdominal wall, lumbar paravertebral area, leg and ankle. Two cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the neck have been reported in the literature. To the authors knowledge, our case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the chin is the first to be reported.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.114-118
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• 1999

Backgrouds: Cervical epidural blocks were used as part of a comprehensive multimodal treatment program for patients with chronic pain in the head, neck and upper extremities. The depth of the epidural space beneth the skin surface varies at different levels of the spinal column in the same patient. It also varies from patient to patient at the same vertebral level. We studied the distance the skin to the cervical epidural space in adults patients at different intervertebral spaces. Methods: Date were gathered from 628 patients having cervical epidural block for relief of cervical and upper extrimity pain. All blocks were performed using hanging drop method after loss of resistance with saline at C5-6, C6-7, C7-T1 intervertebral space. Results: Mean distances for skin to cervical epidural space (DSES) were 5.42 cm, 5.06 cm, 4.68 cm in male, 5.00 cm, 4.61 cm, 4.10 cm in female at C7-T1, C6-7, C5-6 intervertebral space. DSES correlated with body weight, neck circumference and body mass index significantly. Conclusion: In the cervical spine, DSES varies from space to space. The longest DSES were noted at C7-T1 level in male, and the shortest DSES were at C5-6 in female. DSES has significant relationships with weight, neck circumference and body mass index.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 1998

Primary hyperparathyroidism is still uncommomn disease in Korea. However the frequency of this disease has been slowly increased with routine measurement of serum calcium and increasing awareness of hyperparathyroidism in recent years. The diagnosis is established by a persistent elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone and by clinical evaluation. This is a report of eleven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated with surgical operation during a period from 1983 to 1997 at Department of Hospital. Authors analyzed the cases to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcome of surgical treatment retrospectively. The result was as follows. 1) In sex distribution, female patients were eight and three were male, the age distribution ranged from 18 to 67 years. 2) The presenting clinical manifestations were renal and urinary stone in eight, bone pain or fracture in six, muscle weakness in four, neurologic symptoms in four, neck mass in three, hypertension in two, and G-I symptoms in one. 3) All patients showed hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone level. 4) Preoperative localization study was performed with computerized tomography, ultrasonography, MRI, arteriography and thyroid scaning. 5) The tumor locations were left lower in eight, left upper in one, right lower in one, and right upper location was one case. 6) Histopathologic findings disclosed adenoma in all cases. 7) All patients were treated by surgical excision and postoperatively transient hypocalcemia occurred in six patients, but no other complication was developed.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

Objective The objective was to evaluate changes in swallow safety and dietary status after the transcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin into the upper esophageal sphincter in a series of outpatients with dysphagia. Methods Patients who were at risk for aspiration and who had an unsuccessful trial of swallowing therapy were admitted to the study. All patients showed significant pooling of fluids in the pyriform sinus. All patients were treated in the office; none had previous esophageal dilatation. The upper border of the cricoid cartilage was identified using standard electromyogram procedures and botulinum toxin was injected. Outcomes were assessed using the penetration-aspiration scale, NIH swallowiwng safety score, patients' short-term and long-term subjective impressions of their ability to swallow, and change in dietary status. Results Ten patients underwent an instrumental evaluation of swallowing function. Of the 10 patients, 9 showed an overall improvement in their ability to take an oral diet safely. The penetration-aspiration scale, NIH swallowiwng safety score, patients' short-term and long-term subjective impressions of their ability to swallow, and change in dietary status were significantly improved after office-based botox injection. Conclusion Office-based EMG guided botox injection to the cricopharyngeus muscle is a simple, safe, and effective tool for dysphagia patients. Injection of Botox in the office should be considered when the dysphagia pattern is aspiration after swallow.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Objective: This study tried to examine the muscle activity of the neck and trunk according to head posture changes during use of laptops. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included nineteen young men and women. All subjects maintained each posture while practice typing on laptops for ten minutes with a 5-minute break between each posture. For the neutral head posture, the subjects practiced typing while pulling their chins down towards the Adam's apple and were able to look at their knees while having their external auditory meatus, acromion, and greater trochanter vertical to the ground. For the natural head posture, they practiced typing while balancing their posture between extension and flexion of the cervical vertebrae by themselves without any guidelines. While a forward head posture was created by having their heads face the front horizontal to the rope hanging from the ceiling, they practiced typing with their external auditory meatus located in the place which was 5 cm in front of the vertical plane. The subjects used general word process but practiced typing with accuracy and high speed. Muscle activities were randomly measured using surface electromyography according to each postures. Results: The research result had found that muscle activity with the natural head posture was more significantly reduced than that of the forward head posture in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscles (p<0.05) and that the neutral head posture was more significantly reduced than that of forward head posture in the upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscle activity (p<0.05) with significant increases in lumbar spinae muscle activity (p<0.05). Also, muscle activity with the neutral head posture significantly increased more in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lumbar spinae than that of the natural posture (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that in order to prevent musculoskeletal pain, the neutral head posture with use of laptops is effective in reducing load to the shoulders and vitalizing the postural muscles.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1994

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous challenges to surgeons. Over the past 2 years[1990, Dec.-1993, Jun], the free jejunal graft has been performed in 17 cases in Korea Cancer Center Hospital.The indications of this procedures were almost malignant neoplasms involving neck and upper aero-digestive tract; Hypopharyngeal cancer[12 cases, including 2 recurrent cases], laryngeal cancer[2 cases], thyroid cancer[2 cases, including 1 recurrent case], cervical esophageal cancer[1 case]. There were fifteen men and two women, and the mean age was 59.6 years. The anastomosis site of jejunal artery were common carotid artery[16 cases] or external carotid artery[1 case] and that of jejunal vein were internal jegular [15 cases] or facial[1 case] and superior thyroid vein[1 case]. The length of jejunal graft was from 9 cm to 17 cm[mean 13 cm] and the mean ischemic time was 68 minutes. There was one hospital mortality which was irrelevant to procedures[variceal bleeding] and one graft failure[1/16]. Other postoperative complications were neck bleeding or hematoma[3 cases], abdominal wound infection or disruption[5 cases], anastomosis site leakage[1 case], pneumonia[2 cases], graft vein thrombosis[1 case], and food aspiration[1 case]. The function of conduit was excellent and ingestion of food was possible in nearly all cases. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was also applicable without problem in 7 cases. During follow-up periods, the anastomosis site stenosis developed in four patients, and the tracheal stoma was narrowed in one case but easily overcome with dilation. In conclusion, we think that the free jejunal graft is one of the excellent reconstruction methods of upper digestive tract, especially after radical resection of malignant neoplasm in neck with a high success rate and low mortality and morbidity rate.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smartphone use on muscle fatigue and tenderness in the cervical erector spinae (CES) and the upper trapezius (UT) and on the cervical range of motion among subjects with and without neck muscle pain. The subjects were 30 smartphone users in their 20 s who -were assigned to either an experimental group with neck muscle pain or a control group without neck muscle pain. Muscle fatigue and tenderness in the CES and the UT as well as the subjects' cervical range of motion were measured before and after 20-min smartphone sessions in a sitting position. In a between-group comparison of muscle fatigue, the experimental group showed a significantly greater decrease in median frequency in the CES and the right UT after smartphone use (p<.05). Regarding the assessment of muscle tenderness after smartphone use, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in the pressure-pain threshold (PPT) in all muscles (p<.05), whereas the control group showed a significantly decreased PPT in the right CES and the UT (p<.05). The assessment of the cervical range of motion revealed a statistically significant reduction in the cervical flexion-extension and left lateral flexion in the experimental group (p<.05) after smartphone use. However, there was no significant change in the cervical range of motion in the control group (p>.05) after smartphone use. When compared with the control group, the experimental group demonstrated greater changes in cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, except for cervical flexion (p<.05). In conclusion, when smartphone users have pre-existing neck muscle pain, the use of a smartphone further increased muscle fatigue and tenderness in the neck and reduced PPT and the cervical range of motion.