• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2002

Purpose : Giant cell tumors(GCT) sometimes undergo malignant transformation after the radiotherapy, but very rarely do without radiotherapy. We reviewed the clinical experiences of the malignant transformation of GCT to suggest the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of them. Materials and Methods : We examined four patients of pathologically proven malignant transformation of GCT, which occurred after the operative treatment alone without radiation, from September 1985 to January 2001. The mean follow-up period after the malignant transformation was 2.4 years(range, 1.3~4 years). Results : The mean time-interval from the initial diagnosis to the malignant transformation was 6.9 years(range, 2.2~13.5 years). The locations of tumors were soft tissues of proximal upper arm, proximal femur, distal femur and proximal tibia. The histology of malignant GCT was osteosarcoma in 3 cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1 case. Local recurrence developed in 1 patient and the pulmonary metastasis developed in 3 patients which transformed to osteosarcoma. Conclusion : Thorough sampling of the surgical specimen appears to be a very important factor for diagnosing the malignant transformation of GCT. In case of suspicion of malignancy in radiographs, the incisional biopsy should be followed by definite treatment rather than the improper resection.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the recurrence rate of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. Materials and Methods: The medical records of fifty four patients who were diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of the bone between March 1980 and December 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Among 54 patients, 27 were men, remaining 27 were women with the mean age of 33.1 years (range, 13-67 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 67.1 months. Results: Twenty-one patients (38.9%) had a local recurrence. The mean time to recurrence was 21.5 months (range, 2-59 months). The local recurrence rate of the upper extremities was higher than that of lower extremities. According to Campanacci classification, patients with a grade I diseae had lower recurrence rate than those with grade II or III disease. There was no significant differences in the recurrence rates based on cryotherapy, the filling of bone cement or bone grafts and surgical margin. Conclusion: To prevent local recurrence of GCT of bone, curettage of the tumor and elimination of the remaining cells are more important than adjuvant therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 2015

This study focuses evaluating the efficiency and performance evaluation of composite type sheet-membrane waterproofing method that utilizes a separation behavior inducement system designed to resolve the chronic problems of disintegration and damage of overlap areas of waterproofing layers. As the result of the test, the tensile strength value was at 13.8N/mm and elongation rate at 587% for the separation behavior inducement type specimen, and the compared specimens had 14.2N/mm for tensile strength and 335% for elongation rate. For the separation behavior adhesion method specimen, when tensile stress or displacement occurred, the Zero-Span tension occurrence did not follow, which resulted in that the bottom sheet layer and the top membrane layer did not simultaneously becoming damaged. When undergoing the top and bottom layers were separated through separation behavior due to lack of flexibility, the bottom layer began to damage at the primary stage, and with the allowed boundary the upper membrane layer began to display flexibility and showed continuous displaced resulting in secondary phase damaging.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Background and Purpose : By preventing diseases caused by exogenous evil, disorder of internal organs, and seven modes of emotions and adapting to mother nature when the mind is unsettled, and keeping the body and mind relaxed diseases can be avoided, but there can be unpredicted situations caused accidentally by stroke. Currently the general prescription is regulating the flow of vital energy including drugs eliminating blood stasis. Even though the stroke is resulted from diseases caused by exogenous evil, by observing the patient's physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart to clear the upper body and invigorate the functions of the spleen and stomach and purge with drugs of warm nature is a closer approach than simply prescribing vital energy regulating drugs with eliminating blood stasis to the main purpose of treatment. Methods : 1) The subject of the study are 2 cases of patients who have visited the private hospital of the person who is announcing the results of the study. These patients have been given a diagnosis of edema or cystoma caused by bursitis in the knee joint through perception or medical examination and were waiting for operational application. 2) Sources related to stroke from Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) were used as the general standard of Korean Traditional Medicine, and to promote the understanding the original text and the translation has been given. 3) By observing the whole body such as the patient's usual physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart, or partly using the "Yin is even and well while Yang is firm" theory of "Plain Questions" as the background to present the results of the clinical study. Results and Conclusion : Generally the prescriptions from the first volume of Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) are mostly drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating blood circulation. Also prescriptions for bone fracture or fracture of bones and sinews are mostly to eradicate blood stasis with drastic drugs or coaptation drugs added to drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating vital energy, possessing warm properties for the Xue system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2019

This study was conducted to measure the changes in the geological and soil properties following slow-moving landslide events in Yangbuk-myun and Gyungju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geological characteristics of the study site comprised black shale in the Gyeongsang nodal group formed in the Cretaceous period and quartz feldspar carcinoma in the east side with conglomerate in the Yeonil group formed in the Quaternary period. The study site exhibited the geologic characteristics of a slow-moving landslide with severely weathered rocks. The maximum collapsing depth of the slow-moving landslide was 12.0 m with colluvial deposits. The strike and joint aspects in the slope areas of the slow-moving landslides were $N46^{\circ}E$ in lower slope and $N62^{\circ}E$ in upper slope, respectively. Soil hardness of ${\leq}20cm$ deep was not measured because of the completely disturbed soil resulting from soil creeping. Soil from 25 to 90 cm deep was 1.4-4.7 times softer in the slow-moving landslide areas than in the undisturbed or natural forests. Soil bulk density was $1.24-1.29g/cm^3$ in land creep areas. Soil bulk in both areas was 1.6 times denser than that in the natural forest. The soil pore space was 51.5-53.3% in the land creep areas. The values are 1.3-1.4 times lower than those within the natural forest. Black shale areas showed the lowest coefficient of permeability (8.75 E-06 cm/s) and mesopore ratio (pF 2.7: 9.8%) compared with those resulting from other study areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tools (i., extracorporeal shock wave therapy, massage gun, and foam roller) on range of motion, muscle tone and pain threshold among patients with hamstring stiffness. Methods : Fourteen participants with hamstrings stiffness were recruited. Interventions were performed 6 times, and each session was for 30 seconds using the three tools. The range of motion, muscle tone, and pain threshold were measured. The order of the use of the three tools was randomly determined. The foam roller was made to move from the bottom of the hip crease to the upper part of the back of the hamstring. Additionally, velocity 5 vibration stimulation was performed on the hamstring using a massage gun. Moreover, vibration stimulation was performed on the hamstring with extracorporeal shock wave therapy 5 minutes, 5 Hz, and 1,500 strokes. The flexibility of the posterior thigh muscle was based on maintaining the knee and hip joints in a 90 ° bend in the supine position. The joint angle of the knee was measured, when the knee was actively extended, at the maximum point where the posterior thigh muscle was stretched. The elasticity of the posterior thigh muscle was measured while the subject was prone and in a relaxed state without any force. Measurements were made at the muscle abdominal area of the semitendinosus muscle of the posterior femur, and the area to be measured was marked with a pen. The measurement of the tenderness threshold of the posterior femur was measured using a tenderness meter(Commander Algometer, J-Tech, USA). The force value at the point at which the pressure sensation change to pain was measured after applying vertical pressure to the posterior femur muscle, which was the halfway point between the ischial tuberosity and the popliteal surface of the subject lying on their stomach. Results : The extracorporeal shock wave therapy increased stiffness and, muscle tone, and caused changes in the pain threshold, whereas the other two tools had no effect on these indices. Conclusion : Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has important effects on range of motion and muscle stiffness and can be used in warmup protocols.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.775-782
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• 2022

In this paper, a novel small-diameter cylindrical post capacitor inserted into an evanescent-mode rectangular waveguide (EMRWG) is proposed for easier tuning. In order to feed the EMRWG, the proposed structure uses a single ridge rectangular waveguide with the same width and height as the waveguide at the input and output ends. The inserted post capacitor are made up a circular groove formed in the center of the lower part of the broad wall of the EMRWG, and a concentric cylindrical post inserted into the upper part. First, the equivalent circuit model for the proposed structure is presented. When the EMRWG and the single ridge waveguide are combined, the joint susceptance and the turns ratio of the ideal transformer are calculated by two simulations using HFSS (3d fullwave simulator, Ansoft Co.) respectively. The susceptance and resonance characteristics of the inserted post were analyzed by using the obtained parameters and the characteristics of the EMRWG. A 2-post filter with a center frequency of 4.5 GHz and a bandwidth of 170 MHz was designed using a WR-90 waveguide, and the simulation results by using the HFSS and CST, equivalent circuit model were in good agreement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.334-342
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• 2021

In Korea, the training is performed through independent environments without interoperability among L-V-C systems. In the L system, training for large units is limited due to civil complaints at the training grounds and road restrictions. The V system is insufficient in training related to tactical training, and the C system lacks practicality due to a lack of combat friction elements. To achieve synchronicity and integration training between upper and lower units, it is necessary to establish a system to ensure integrated training for each unit by interoperating the currently operating L, V, and C systems. The interoperability between the C-C system supports Korea-US Combined Exercise. On the other hand, the actual development of the training system through the interoperability of L, V, and C has not been made. Although efforts are being made to establish the L, V, and C system centering on the Army, the joint composite battlefield and LVC integrated architecture technology are not yet secured. Therefore, this paper proposes a new plan for the future training system by designing and implementing the LVC integrated architecture technology, which is the core technology that can build the L-V-C interoperability training system. In conclusion, a division-level L-V-C interoperability training system can be established in the future by securing the LVC integrated architecture technology.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.338-346
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• 2023

During isometric elbow flexion, forearm length should be an important factor to determine not only joint torque but also maximum endurance time (MET), when the forearm is perpendicular to the direction of the force. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of forearm length as an additional factor on empirical models of MET such as an exponential model and a power model during isometric elbow flexion. Thirty volunteers participated in our experiment to measure factor variables such as circumferences and lengths of their upper and lower arms. Their METs were measured according to the percent of maximum voluntary contraction intensity (%MVC). For the multiple linear regression model of ln(MET) using these measurements, significant variables could be observed in %MVC and forearm lengths (P<0.05). The empirical models were assessed by these models using forearm length as the additional factor. Mean absolute deviations (MAD) between the measured METs amd the two empirical models were about 19.4 [s], but MAD using models applied forearm lengths were reduced to about 16.2 [s]. The correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients were about 0.87, but those applied forearm lengths were increased to about 0.91. These results demonstrated that forearm length was a significant additional factor to the empirical model.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

Purpose: We analyzed our malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cases to find out their oncologic results following by each treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Thirty four patients with MPNST were registered in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Feb. 1986 to Nov. 1996. Seventeen cases were male and 17, female. Average age was 41 years (range 18 to 74). Location of the tumor was as follows; 17 in lower extremity, 11 upper extremity, 4 trunk, and 2 retroperitoneum. Following the AJC classification, stage IA were 2 cases, stage IIA 2, stage IIB 6, stage III 16 and stage IV 8. Twenty six patients took operations and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, 3 operation only and 3 adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Average follow up period was 33.5 months (5.6 to 146.1). Kaplan-Meiyer method was done for survival curve, and log rank test for comparison analysis. Results: Fourteen cases were continuous disease free, 2 no evidence of disease, 2 alive with disease and 14 dead of disease states at final follow up. Actual 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 53.5%, 35.7%. Local recurrence rate after operation was 24.1%. 5-year survival rates of stage I/II/III were 100/85.7/55.9% and 2-year survival rate of stage IV was 14.3% (p=0.04). In 21 cases operated with stage II-III, wide margin (15cases) had 76.0% 5-year survival rate, and marginal or intralesional marigin (6cases) had 40.0%. The actual 5-year survival rate of the group which were done 4 or more cycles chemotherapy (8cases) was 71.4% and the actual 3-year survival rate less than 4cycles chemotherapy (6cases) was 83.3% (p=0.96). In 19 cases operated with stage II-III and which had no radiotherapy, marginal or intralesional margin (5cases) had 3 cases of local recurrences (60.0%), though wide margin (14cases) had 4 cases recurrences (28.6%). There was no local recurrence in 8cases which had pre-or post-operative radiotherapy. Conclusions: Surgical margin is an important factor in local recurrence. Resection margin has a tendency to influence the survival despite insufficient statistical significance. Conventional chemotherapy has no defnite statistical sigficance in the effect on local control and survival. Preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy has some positive effect on local control.