• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 1995

In clinical prosthetic dentistry the occlusal planes were represented to the dental arch form sagittally and composed of the occlusion morphologically. From now on the determinations of the occlusal planes were done through the facebow transfer and the cephalometric radiography, but they were not exact method for the diagnosis of the stomagnathic function. The purpose of this study is to examine the sagittal characteristics of occlusal planes using panoramic view between the normal subjects and the subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction. 60 normal subjects and 16 subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction were slectec for this investigation. We measured the inclination of occlusal planes to Frankfurt Horizontal plane. The occlusal planes were divided into 4 groups : 1) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the mesiobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar, 2) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the mesiobuccal cusp of upper 2nd molar, 3) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the distobuccal cusp of upper 2nd molar, 4) The plane between the mesiobuccal cusp of 1st molar and the distobuccal cusp of 2nd molar. The results were as follows : 1) The occlusal planes could be determined very easy by using panoramic view, 2) Among the angles between the occlusal planes and the FH plane, the angles related with the 2nd molar were more steep than those of the 1st molar. The angle between the 1st molar and the 2nd molar is the most steep in the other angles. 3) In the angles between occlusal planes and FH plane, the subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction were more significant steep(p<0.05) than the normal subjects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 1975

A large granuloma was treated by apicoectomy and tampon change. The granuloma was developed at the apices of the right upper central incisor and lateral incisor. The patient was 29 year old female.

• 치과방사선
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 1990

The incidence and several characteristic features of fused and geminated teeth were studied radiographically, with full mouth periapical radiogram and pantomogram, in 4201 patients of mixed dentition and 5358 patients of permanent dentition. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The prevalence was revealed to 2.86%, 0.32%, 0.33%, and 0.06% in deciduous fused tooth, permanent fused tooth, deciduous geminated tooth and permanent geminated tooth respectively, and these anomalies were occured in female more than male. 2. Fused teeth were observed predominantly in lower anterior teeth area, especially in lateral incisor and canine region, and many cases of deciduous geminated tooth were observed in upper central incisor region. 3. Congenital missing rates of succedaneous tooth in deciduous fused teeth were 57.1 %, 85.7%, 71.0%, 69.0% in upper right and left central-lateral incisor regions, lower right and left lateral incisor-canine regions, respectively. 4. Prevalence of dental caries was 42.3%, 18.8% and 5.6% in deciduous fused, deciduous geminated and permanent fused tooth, respectively. 5. In classifying of fused and geminated teeth into 9 types, by following appearance such as number of crown, root, pulp chamber and pulp canal of those teeth, it was more favorable that Type Ⅰ(2 crown, 2 root, 2 pulp chamber, 2 pulp canal) in deciduous fused tooth and Type Ⅸ (I crown, 1 root, 1 pulp chamber, 1 pulp canal) in permanent fused tooth, deciduous and permanent geminated tooth.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

A revascularization procedure was shown to be the best alternative therapy for immature teeth with necrotic pulp and apical infection. A 12 year old female with a history of trauma to her upper central incisor and a sinus tract was referred for endodontic treatment. She was an active orthodontic patient and had undergone regenerative endodontic treatment for the past 2 years. Clinical examination revealed no response to sensibility, percussion, and palpation tests. The preoperative radiograph showed an open apex and apical rarefaction. The case was diagnosed as previously treated tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Regenerative endodontic retreatment was performed, and the case was followed for 3 years. Clinical, radiographic, and cone-beam computed tomography follow-up examination revealed an asymptomatic tooth, with evidence of periapical healing and root maturation.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2012

Objectives : The author has studied about correlation of gingival exposure upon smiling and oral facial status that reduce facial aesthetic. Methods : The subjects in this study are 91 female vulunteers who were in aged $21.4{\pm}1.89$ in Suwon. Objectives should be normal oral and facial status without the prosthodontic, orthodontic appliance or conqenital missing tooth, and agree to be examined the oral status and impression taking. 1.Measure the length of gingival exposure upon smiling. 2.Measure of the size on central incisor. 3.Measure of Facial. SPSS(SPSS 10.0 for windows, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) was utilized for calculating the correlation coefficient between gingival exposure upon smiling and facial status. Regression analysis was calculated in order to predict the R square for gingival exposure upon smiling. Results : 1.Correlation coefficient between the gingival exposure and length of maxillary central incisor was calculated as reversed correlation(r=-.302, p<0.01), and between the gingival exposure and the ratio of the length of central incisor/width of central incisor was revealed as reversed correlation(r=-.250, p<0.05) on smiling. 2.There was correlation between the gingival exposure and the facial height(r=.351, p<0.01), the lower facial height(r=.454, p<0.01) and the upper lip height(r=.274, p<0.01) upon smiling. 3.There was correlation between the gingival exposure and the ratio of the facial height/facial width(r=.358, p<0.05), the ratio of the upper facial height/facial width(r=.214, p<0.05), and the ratio of the lower facial height/facial height(r=.383, p<0.01) upon smiling. 4.The equation of the regression analysis for gingival exposure upon smiling could be estimated as gingival exposure upon smiling=-5.139+.279${\times}$lower facial height-.615${\times}$maxillary central incisal length-.05${\times}$nasolabial angle. Conclusions : Considering these results, it recommended that treatment planning should be designed in consideration of such factors as the length of maxillary central incisor, facial height, upper lip height and lower facial height, in order to promote the easthetic problems of face on smiling.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Anatomic landmarks have been used in the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Such as labial vestibules of anterior region and hamular notches, retromolar pads of posterior region are very useful anatomic landmarks for fabrication of occlusion rim because they are to be identified on master casts. Therefore, if average distances between landmarks of maxillae and mandible in dentate subjects are measured and applied, not only occlusal plane but also vertical dimension can be established initially. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to measure vertical distances between anatomic landmarks and to present a guide to the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension of edentulous patients. Material and method. Upper and lower border-molded casts were made in 93 Korean dentulous subjects, mean age 25 years. Incisal edges of central incisors, bottoms of labial vestibules, hamular notches and the half level of retromolar pads were marked on casts. Measurements of vertical distances from incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule, between upper and lower bottoms of labial vestibules, from hamular notch to retromolar pad and from hamular notch to the occlusal plane established by the incisal edge of maxillary central incisor and mesiopalatal cusps of both maxillary first molars were made on each cast. Results and conclusion. 1. The mean distance from the incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule was 20.8mm(SD 1.7) on upper casts and 17.3mm(SD 1.4) on lower casts. 2. The mean distance between both bottoms of labial vestibules of upper and lower casts was 35.0mm(SD 2.7). 3 The mean distance from hamular notch to the half level of retromolar pad was 5.0mm(SD 1.3). 4. The mean distance from hamular notch to occlusal plane was 7.9mm(SD 1.5). 5. Distances from incisal edge of central incisor to labial vestibule on lower casts(P<0.01) and from hamular notch to retromolar pad(P<0.0001) were greater in male than in female.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1988

The development of good arch form, the orientation of the dentition with relation to the craniofacial skeleton and the establishment of correct relationship of axial inclination of upper and lower teeth are required in normal occlusion, but different teeth present different degrees of axial inclination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the axial inclination of upper and lower teeth by analyzing $45^{\circ}$ oblique and $90^{\circ}$ cephalometric roentgenograms of 35 Korean males and 34 females with normal occlusion. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Mean and standard deviation of mesiodistal axial inclination of upper and lower teeth related to palatal plane and occlusal plane were obtained. 2. Mesiodistal axial inclination of upper first premolar was nearly perpendicular to palatal plane, and the axis of lower first premolar was nearly perpendicular to occlusal plane. 3. There was no difference in the mesiodistal axial inclination of anteriorly positioned teeth between the three groups: third molar eruption into good alignment (Group 1), third molar impaction or partial eruption (Group 2), third molar agenesis (Group 3). 4. There were low correlationships only between the axial inclination of central incisor and the mesiodistal axial inclination of canine and first premolar, but no correlationships between central incisor and posterior teeth behind first premolar.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1998

본 연구는 설측브라켓 부착시 부착방법에 따른 위치오차를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 교정환자 20명의 초진시 석고모형을 연구대상으로 하여, 초진모형의 각 치면에 긴밀하게 브라켓을 부착하는 방법, 치아재배열을 시행한 후 치면에 긴밀하게 부착하는 방법 그리고 치아재배열을 시행하고 이상호선을 제작한 후 브라켓을 결찰하여 부착하는 passive bracketing의 3가지 방법으로 브라켓을 부착한 후 각 방법으로 부착된 브라켓의 위치오차를 측정 및 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각도오차 분석결과, 치아재배열을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 제1소구치와 하악견치의 위치오차가 타 방법에 비하여 크게 나타났으며, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치, 하악 제1$\cdot$제2소구치에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 2. 토크오차 분석결과, 치아재배열을 시행하지 않은 경우 하악 제2소구치의 위치오차가 타 방법에 비해 크게 나타났으며 passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 전 치아와 하악 제1$\cdot$제2소구치에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 3. 회전오차 분석결과, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치간, 하악 중절치간, 하악 측절치와 중절치 사이 그리고 하악 견치와 측절치 사이에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 4. 내외오차 분석결과, 치아재배열을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 견치와 측절치 사이에서 위치오차가 타 방법에 비해 크게 나타났으며, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치간, 측절치와 중절치 사이, 제1$\cdot$제2소구치 사이, 하악 측절치와 중절치 사이, 견치와 측절치 사이에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 설측교정술의 경우 브라켓 간접부착 술식을 사용하더라도 상당량의 위치오차가 나타나며, 이는 passive bracketing으로 줄일 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to classify Korean young adults into 3 groups on the basis of upper incisor exposure rates (UIERs) and to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue variables. Methods: Samples were obtained from 127 students at the College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University in South Korea. Facial photographs of frontal posed smiles and lateral cephalograms of the subjects were taken. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of UIERs and 20 measurements were compared among the 3 groups. The correlations between the variables were determined. Results: Male and female subjects showed significant differences in the group distribution. Male subjects showed higher frequencies of low smiles, and female subjects showed higher frequencies of high smiles. The vertical height of the anterior alveolar process of the maxilla directly correlated with the UIER. However, the UIER showed no significant correlation with the vertical height of the anterior basal bone or the inclination of the upper incisor axis. In female subjects, the upper central incisor clinical crown length showed an inverse correlation with the UIER. However, this variable showed no significant correlation with the UIER in male subjects. Conclusions: The UIER was directly correlated with the levator muscle activity of the upper lip and inversely correlated with the upper lip thickness, yet there was no correlation between the UIER and upper lip length at rest.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2020

Root resorption can be caused by several factors, including contact with the cortical bone. Here we report a case involving a 21-year-old female with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion who exhibited significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor after orthodontic treatment. The patient presented with significant left-sided deviation of the maxillary incisors due to lingual dislocation of the left lateral incisor and a Class II molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class I skeletal relationship (A point-nasion-B point, 2.5°) and proclined maxillary anterior teeth (upper incisor to sella-nasion plane angle, 113.4°). The primary treatment objectives were the achievement of stable occlusion with midline agreement between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions and appropriate maxillary anterior tooth axes and molar relationship. A panoramic radiograph obtained after active treatment showed significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor; therefore, we performed cone-beam computed tomography, which confirmed root resorption along the cortical bone around the incisive canal. The findings from this case, where different degrees of root resorption were observed despite comparable degrees of orthodontic movement in the bilateral maxillary central incisors, suggest that the incisive canal could be an inducing factor for root resorption. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm this assumption.