• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of the body of 17~19 years old female students using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program according to the 7th Korea Human Body Survey. Factor analysis was based on six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length, and width, upper body length, hip length, and shoulder inclination related factors. Through this cluster analysis, the body shape of late adolescent female student was classified into four types. Body type 1 was the highest body height factor, and the upper body length and the hip length factor were lower. It was analyzed as 'Long leg in the body'. Body type 2 is the 'narrow shoulder skinny type' with high hip and shoulder slope factors and low body size, body height, shoulder length, and width factor. Body type 3 showed body size, shoulder length, height and hip length factor, and body height factor was rather low 'low hip obese body shape'. Body type 4 was analyzed as 'lower shoulder long upper body type' with higher upper body length factor and lower body size and shoulder slope factor. It is thought that when the pattern is made, it is possible to produce excellent patterns by fitting the dimensions of the body, as well as the dimensions of the shoulder width, the slope, and the hip length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.864-875
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• 1999

This study was done to classify type os arms and to correspond these types with partial somatotype of upper body such as lateral views of upper body shapes of shoulder. The subjects of this study were female college students of twenties 58 anthropometric and photographic data were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Form the factor analysis arm girth/armscye size factor arm length factor the slope of lower arm, arm factor the curves of armscye the roundness of arm/shapes of shoulder the slope of upper arm factor were obtained. 2. By using factor scores 4 clusters of arm types were extracted. The characteristics of these clusters were projections of armscy slant of lower arm thick-set canelike. 3. Four types of arm were corresponded with the specified lateral views of upper body directions of shoulder slopes of shoulder.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between standing posture biomechanics and physical fitness in the elderly. Physical fitness variables and postural variables for 227 (140 women and 87 men) elderly individuals were tested. Physical fitness tests (Korean Institute of Sports Science, 2012) included 3m sit, walk, and return, grip test, 30 second chair sit and stand, sit and reach, figure 8 walks, and 2 minute stationary march. Postural biomechanics variables included resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), shoulder slope, pelvic slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference, thoracic angle, and upper body slope. In statistical analysis, multiple regression was conducted by using stepwise selection method via SAS (version 9.2). Analysis for both men and women revealed significant relationships between physical fitness and age, upper body slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference. Pelvic and thoracic angle were only related to figure 8 walking and sit and reach in women, while RCSP and shoulder slope had no relationship with any physical fitness variables.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.603-614
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• 2023

Body shape is the most influential factor in determining the quality of clothing fit. Women's body shape begins to change significantly in their mid-30s; therefore, this study aimed to classify and analyze the torso shapes of women aged 35-54 years. This study selected 200 3D body scans of women from the 8th Size Korea Survey database (2021). Using the Grasshopper algorithm developed in a previous study, 17 landmarks were automatically detected and 57 measurement values were generated. Using principal component analysis, 11 components (overall body size, upper body length, back protrusion, upper body slope, neck position, neck inclination, hip length, bust prominence, abdominal prominence, shoulder slope, and buttock prominence) were extracted. Three torso types were identified using K-means cluster analysis. The three body types were significantly different on nine component scores. Among the three torso types, Type 1 (37.5%) has the longest upper body and the flattest back and hips. Type 2 (31.0%) has the most curved back and forward upper body. Its abdomen is the flattest, and its shoulders are the most sloped. Type 3 (31.5%) has the shortest upper body, the most protruding hips, and the largest overall body size. This paper proposes two discriminant functions for identifying a new person's torso type.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

This study provide basic data to develop a dress form reflecting body shape characteristics by age and to produce a 3D body form in a virtual fitting program. A comparative analysis was conducted on the size, section shape, and slope of side shape of the modeling form by the sizing of the basic female avatar in CLO 3D, one of the 3D apparel CAD programs and the body form of women in their 20s-50s by body shape in the 6th Size Korea (2010). First, all the differences were formed similarly in the direct measurements between the 3D avatar and the body form were within 1 mm. Second, in a comparison of the section form of the avatar and body form in Size Korea, the avatar was formed in straight body shape and did not reflect a spinal curvature according to age. As a result of an examination of the items with a difference over 5° in the slope of side shape, there were angle differences in numerous body shapes in the angles of the side upper abdomen, side upper back, and side upper bust, and the avatar's bust shape was expressed more flatly compared to body form. It will be possible to produce an avatar that can adequately reflect body shape characteristics by adding detailed length and angle items by the region like waist back length and front length in producing the avatar reflecting body shape characteristics, instead of a standard body shape.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2005

This research was undertaken to compare basic bodice prototypes for Internet shopping customer, and to select a profitable fit vacant space quantity between clothing and body. A total one hundred of eighteen outfits (4 types of pattern ${\times}$ 9 subjects ${\times}$5 body areas) were constructed with basic bodice drafting method of Japan Bunka Women's University according to nine male body types. Fifty-two experts analysis of the different prototypes as five body area and evaluate the most appropriate ease amount and stabilization of the simulation images on the computer. The experiments with automated methods using simulation image are based on AZ program of TORAY, Japan. Data was analyzed using percentiles, frequency and $X^2$. Taken together, the present result of vacant space quantity and stability evaluation through images shows that there is a significant difference in the size variation of the chest circumference, shoulder slope and waist circumference. In case of ease amount, chest area, shoulder slope, waist area and armhole except neckline area were shown more appropriate on the basic bodice pattern without size change. In case of stabilization, the chest area, shoulder slope and armhole except waist area and neckline area was shown the best on the basic bodice pattern without size change. However the waist area was shown on the basic bodice pattern plus 2 cm, neckline was shown more appropriate on the basic bodice pattern plus 1cm.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gait speed and walkway slope on the body acceleration, for the future validation of using an accelerometer in the estimation of energy consumption. Ten young healthy subjects with accelerometers on the upper thigh and ankle walked on a treadmill at 9 conditions(three speeds ${\times}$ three slopes) for 5 minutes. Acceleration signals of four directions, i.e. anterior-posterior(AP), medio-lateral(ML), superior-inferior(SI) and vector sum(VS) directions, of each sensor were measured, and root means squared(RMS) values of them were used as analysis variables. As statistical analysis, repeated measure two-way ANOVA was performed for RMS accelerations at each attachment sites, with slope and velocity as independent factors. At both the upper thigh and ankle, RMS acceleration of all directions were affected by gait velocities(p<.001) showing greater accelerations for higher velocities. Contrary to expectations, no slope effect existed in RMS accelerations at hip. Moreover, RMS acceleraion at ankle decreased with slope in SI and VS directions(p<.01). These results suggests that RMS acceleration cannot reflect the change in physical activity due to the change in walkway slope.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.159-179
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to collect data for he improvement of the accuracy of upper garments construction of the old whose bodies have been changed due to their age. In this study the body measurements with 61 items were taken from 226 men(aged fro m 60 to 80) living in Seoul by the R. Martin's method in 1992. The data were calculate by computer and analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The average stature of elderly males was 163.6cm, chest circumference 91.6cm, waist circumference 9\\85.5cm. hip circumference 92.8cm, neck circumference 37cm, arm length 55.4 cm, back length 42.6cm, shoulder breadth 42.9cm and the Roher's Index 1.39, which was a standard body shape. 2. The items of factor analysis were explained to seven, namely, the degree of fatness of the upper body, the size of the frame of body, the length of the upper body, the degree of curve of the front body, the size of shoulder, the shape of the back, and the slope of shoulder. 3. The body types of subjects were classified into four types. The majority was type 4, which was 67% of subjects and considered as balanced body type. The distinctive features of those types are as follows; Type 1. The subjects of this type had a slight skeletal structure and were the thinnest of all the subjects with thin and forward-bent arm. Type 2. The subjects of this type were the tallest of all the subjects. they had the straightest side of body and a well-developed upper arm. The thigh length of this type was longer than the length of trunk. Type. 3. The subjects of this type was only one, so ti could be excluded. Type 4. The subjects of this type had a long trunk, well-developed shoulder, and a crook in their neck and back. The arm length and thigh of this type were short and those circumferences were thick. Type 5. The subjects of this type were the shortest of all, but had the highest degree of fatness in the waist and abdominal. They had well-developed front muscles of body and projected hip.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.103-113
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to development a uniform shirt for high school boys aged 16-18 in the 7th Human Dimension Survey data of Size Korea. The upper body was analyzed to classify the upper body shape and to understand the characteristics of the body by type. Through this, we wanted to obtain the basic data necessary for the development of school uniform shirts. For data analysis, SPSS Ver. 26.0 program was used. In high school boys, there was no significant difference in height by age, but in width, thickness, length, circumference, shoulder slope, and weight, there were significant differences by age. The upper body types were categorized into four types: long shoulder skinny type, long upper body obese type, short shoulder normal type, and long shoulder normal type. Based on the size and body type data extracted from this study, it is thought that the development of uniform shirts with excellent fit should be realized through practical fashion development and construction of a size system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.66-81
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• 2024

This study analyzed body shape changes over time by comparing Size Korea's data on 50-84-year-old women from 2020 to 2021 with the same data from 2003 to 2004. In addition, the subjects of these data were divided into drop-types and also upper-body-drop-types with the body measurements for each type compared. The results showed that elderly women had grown 3-4 cm taller over the last 20 years, but the length of 'neck shoulder point to breast point' had become shorter; the bust and waist circumferences were smaller, but the thigh circumference was larger. In the body-drop type, the bust circumference, waist circumference, and waist circumference(Omphalion) increased by about 4-6cm in the order of N-type < H-type < Y-type indicating that the sideline slope of the torso must be differentiated. The upper-body-drop-type showed a 1-cm difference in height and bust circumference, but a 4 to 5-cm difference in waist circumference. In addition, thick-waist subjects aged 70 or older were classified into separate body types with the results showing that their waist circumference was greater than their breast circumference, signifying the need for different top patterns.