• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2250-2264
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• 2006

In micro- and nanoflows, the Boltzmann distribution is valid only when the electric double layers (EDL's) are not overlapped and the ionic distributions establish an equilibrium state. The present study has numerically investigated unsteady two-dimensional fully-developed electroosmotic flows between two parallel flat plates in the nonoverlapped and overlapped EDL cases, without any assumption of the Boltzmann distribution. For the study, two kinds of unsteady flows are considered: one is the impulsive application of a constant electric field and the other is the application of a sinusoidally oscillating electric field. For the numerical simulations, the ionic-species and electric-field equations as well as the continuity and momentum ones are solved. Numerical simulations are successful in accurately predicting unsteady electroosmotic flows and ionic distributions. Results show that the nonoverlapped and overlapped cases are totally different in their basic characteristics. This study would contribute to further understanding unsteady electroosmotic flows in micro- and nanofluidic devices.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to clarify the occurrence of the high-speed mode of unsteady swirling flows in straight tubes. The unsteady flows generated in the tube were measured by means of a semiconductor-type pressure transducer and an FFT analyzer. The high-speed mode measured has rotational speed which is approximately equal to or higher than the peripheral velocity of the swirling flow. The unsteady flow is due to cell rotation in the circumferential direction of the tube. The occurrence of the high-speed mode was confirmed, and the characteristics (rotational speed, pressure amplitude, and phase) of this mode were clarified. In order to understand the measured unsteady flows, the three dimensional vortex core profiles were discussed based on the distributions of the pressure amplitude and phase.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2008

The main objective of this study was to clarify the origin of the unsteady flows arising in a mixed-flow vaneless diffuser system and also the effects of physical components of the system. The testing equipment consists of a straight tube, a swirl generator, and a mixed-flow vaneless diffuser. Pressure fluctuations of the flow through the tube and diffuser were measured by using a semiconductor-type pressure transducer and analyzed by an FFT analyzer. In the experiment, the velocity ratio (axial velocity/peripheral velocity) of the internal flow, and the geometric parameters of the diffuser were varied. Two kinds of unsteady flows were measured according to the combination of the components, and the origin of each unsteady flow was clarified. The fundamental frequencies of unsteady flows arose were examined by two-dimensional small perturbation analysis.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2003

Unstructured grid system is suitable for flows of complex geometries. For problems with moving boundary walls, the grid system must be changed and deformed with time if we use a body fitted grid system. In this paper, a new moving-grid finite-volume method on unstructured grid system is proposed and developed for unsteady compressible flows with shock waves. To assure geometric conservation laws on moving grid system, a control volume on the space-time unified domain is adopted for estimating numerical flux. The method is described and applied for two-dimensional flows.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.643-651
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• 1998

Turbulent unsteady flows in the entrance region of a square duct are investigated with a hot-wire anemometer system. The velocity waveforms the mean and turbulence components of the axial velocity and the entrance length are obtained as a major characteristics of the developing turbulent unsteady flows. An inviscid flow theory is presented to describe the developing axial mean velocity profiles. A good agreement is seen between the measured and theoretically predicted values. The propagation of turbulence generated near the entrance of the square duct is satisfactorily approximated by an empirical correlation of the propagation of turbulence proposed so far. The local turbulence intensi-ty is found to be a little smaller in the accelerating phase than in the decelerating phase. The entrance length is about 60 times as large the hydraulic diameter.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.44 no.1 s.151
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• pp.16-25
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• 2007

Studies of unsteady-airfoil flows have been motivated mostly by efforts to avoid. or reduce such undesirable effects as flutter, noise and vibrations, dynamic stall. In this paper, we carry out a computational study of viscous flows around a two-dimensional oscillating airfoil to investigate unsteady effects in these important and challenging flows. A fully implicit incompressible RANS solver has been used for calculating unsteady viscous flows around an airfoil. The cell-centered End order finite volume method is utilized to discretize governing equations. in order to ease the flow computation for fluid region changing in time, improve the qualify of solution and simplify the grid generation for an oscillating airfoil flow, the computational method adopts a moving and deforming grid generation technique based on the multi-block grid topology. The numerical method is applied for calculating viscous flows of an oscillating NACA 0012 in uniform flow. The computational results are compared with available experimental data. Computed results are compared with experimental data and flow characteristics of the experiment are reproduced well In the computed results.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.613-620
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• 1997

Steady and unsteady flows between rotating cylinders are of interest on lubrication, convective heat transfer and flow-induced vibration in large rotating machinery. Steady rotating flow is generated by rotating cylinder with constant velocity while the unsteady rotating flow by oscillating cylinder with homogeneoysly oscillating velocity. An analytical method is developed based on the simple radial coordinate transformation for the steady and unsteady rotating flows in concentric annulus. The governing equations are simplified from Navier-Stokes equatins. Considering the skin friction based on the radial variation of circumferential flow velocity, the torques acting on the fixed and the rotating cylinder are evaluated in terms of added-inertia and added-damping torque coefficients. The coefficients are found to be influenced by the oscillatory Reynolds number and the radius ratio of two cylinders; however, the effect of the oscillatory Reynolds number on the coefficients is minor in case of relatively low radius ratio.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.10 no.3 s.30
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In this study, unsteady aerodynamic analyses of a wedge-type airfoil based on nonlinear piston theory and Euler equations have been performed in supersonic and hypersonic flows. The third-order nonlinear piston theory (NPT) to calculate unsteady lift and moment coefficients is derived and applied in the time-domain. Also, unsteady flow quantities are obtained from the two-dimensional time-dependent Euler equations. For the CFD based unsteady aerodynamic analyses, an arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian (ALE) formulation for the Euler equations is used to calculate flow fluxes in the computational flow field with moving boundaries. Numerical comparisons for unsteady lift and moment coefficients are presented between NPT and Euler approaches. The results show very good agreements in the high supersonic and hypersonic flows. It means that the present NPT can be efficiently used to predict unsteady aerodynamic forces ol wedge type airfoils with dynamic motions in the high supersonic and hypersonic flow regimes.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2009

This paper presents a numerical study for unsteady flows in a high-pressure steam turbine with a partial admission stage. Compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the high-order high-resolution finite-difference method based on the fourth-order compact MUSCL TVD scheme, Roe's approximate Riemann solver, and the LU-SGS scheme. The SST-model is also solved for evaluating the eddy-viscosity. The unsteady two-dimensional flows through whole nozzle-rotor cascade channels considering a partial admission are numerically investigated. 108 nozzle passages with two blockages and 60 rotor passages are simultaneously calculated. The influence of the flange in the nozzle box to the lift of rotors is predicted. Also the efficiency of the partial admission stage changing the number of blockages and the number of nozzles is parametrically predicted.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.337-345
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• 2002

The present study addresses a computational result of unsteady gas flow through a critical nozzle. The axisymmetric, unsteady, compressible, Wavier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method that makes use of the second order upwind scheme for spatial derivatives and the multi-stage Runge-Kutta integral scheme for time derivatives. The steady solutions of the governing equation system are validated with the previous experimental data to ensure that the present computational method is valid to predict the critical nozzle flows. In order to simulate the effects of back pressure fluctuations on the critical nozzle flows, an excited pressure oscillation with an amplitude and frequency is assumed downstream of the exit of the critical nozzle. The results obtained show that for low Reynolds numbers, the unsteady effects of the pressure fluctuations can propagate upstream of the throat of critical nozzle, and thus giving rise to the applicable fluctuations in mass flow rate through the critical nozzle, while for high Reynolds numbers, the pressure signals occurring at the exit of the critical nozzle do not propagate upstream beyond the nozzle throat. For very low Reynolds number, it is found that the sonic line near the throat of the critical nozzle remarkably fluctuateswith time, providing an important mechanism for pressure signals to propagate upstream of the nozzle throat, even in choked flow conditions. The present study is the first investigation to clarify the unsteady effects on the critical nozzle flows.