• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.249-277
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• 2012

Eugene O'Neill's one-act play Before Breakfast (1916) depicts a morning scene of a married couple who live in a slovenly flat at Greenwich Village. There is no apparent dramatic action occurring in the play. Instead, the play is full of Mrs. Rowland's incessant complaints about her husband Alfred's loafing around bars with artists friends, neglecting his role as breadwinner. An irony is that every morning she prepares breakfast for the good-for-nothing husband even in the moment of complaining. It is worth noting that Alfred is an 'unseen character' who is never directly observed by the audience but is only described by her wife. Deprived of all chances to speak and present himself on stage, he is kept in the room throughout the play. In contrast, Mrs. Rowland dominates the stage, monopolizing language and action. The audience has to listen to her, judge from her statements, and take her one-sided complaints. The accused husband, with zero chance of showing up and defending himself, has no choice but to be the sinner as the wife intends. Another irony is that the audience's feeling about the situation is quite different from what is expected. The wife's complaints are regarded to be unfair and groundless in the reason that the situation is monopolized by her. In case of the husband, in contrast, the loss of voice and presence stresses the injustice of his dead-lock situation. In other words, the 'absent' quality of Alfred works to evoke the audience's sympathy for himself and subsequently makes his presence recognized, not visually but emotionally, by the audience throughout the play. Discovered in this paradoxical moment where the spectators understand or 'see' the status of the unseen and the devoiced message is successfully conveyed to the listeners, is the theatricality of absence. Adding to the function as theatrical device, the 'unseen character' Alfred works as a device of self-reflection to mirror the author's own life. Alfred, the alter-ego of O'Neill, effectively exorcises the author's life-long feeling of guilty as the unfaithful husband and father in the unhappy first marriage, successfully evoking the audience's sympathy for himself.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.29-48
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• 2010

This paper is a kind of interdisciplinary studies which connect a Western film criticism with a criticism of minority literature in America. My purpose in this paper is to put on the table such a sensitive issue as racial representation and representativeness in Clint Eastwood's revisionist Western, Unforgiven. We admit generally that Western films have contributed to the white American myth-making of how the West was won. Yet, since the mid-1960s, a growing number of revisionist Westerns were produced so as to raise a question about the conventional way of looking at what happened in the American West. In order to analyze the problem inherent in the way of seeing, I pay attention to how the director Eastwood (re)presents a character named W. W. Beauchamp in the film. Presumably, what the character Beauchamp misses in the West can be overlapped with what ordinary film viewers miss in the genre of Westerns. Given this, interrogating both what Beauchamp sees and what he misses within the movie, I attempt to disclose how much of the West has been unseen from his biased viewpoint. By doing so, I argue why it is important to focus on some passing scenes that touch on the irony of a Native American train passenger, the gaze of the mute Native American housewife, the abrupt disappearance of Asian American men, the lynching of African-American ex-cowboy, and the self-determination of the saloon prostitutes. Then I hope that, conservative and mainstream though the director is, his way of revising the Western is not quite far from my minority-conscious critical position.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2019

영화 <시>를 통해 현실 그대로를 보여주고 현실 그대로이지만 눈에 보이지 않는 아름다움을 관객이 느낄 수 있도록 눈에 보이지 않는 아름다움을 어떻게 드러내느냐가 가장 중요했다는 이창동 감독은 일상의 삶 속에서 보고, 느끼며 남들이 잘 하지 않는, 남들이 하기 어려운 행동과 선택을 하는 캐릭터 미자를 통해 눈에 보이는 아름다움뿐만 아니라 눈에 보이지 않는 아름다움을 찾는, 아름다움을 발견하는 방법에 대해 이야기하며 미자가 찾는 아름다움이 어떠한 역할을 할 수 있는지, 시가 죽어가는 시대에 시를 쓴다는 것은 어떤 의미가 있는지, 영화가 죽어가는 시대에 영화를 만든다는 건 어떤 의미가 있는지 근본적인 가치를 상실한 시대에 대한 이야기, 영화매체에 대한 이야기를 했다. 누군가 말하지 못하는 것들, 누군가 표현하지 못하는 것을 대신해주는 그 어떤 것을 미자의 시를 통해 이야기하고, 배우 스스로 캐릭터의 감정을 찾아가는 연기, 그 무엇으로 규정할 수 없는 캐릭터의 성격을 통해 관객 스스로 생각하고, 질문하며 성찰하게 하는 이창동 감독의 연출 스타일을 바탕으로 본 연구는 영화 <시>의 캐릭터 미자와 배우 윤정희의 연기를 분석해보았다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1348-1356
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• 2013

Disney Animation has showed not only artistic excellence but also technological innovations through a lot of animation films that they released. Especially with the unique concept that free-willed game characters dive into different worlds of games in animation film, received both critical and commercial acclaim for its stunning visuals and outstanding CG (computer graphics) effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze different styles of game worlds, Disney's layout pipeline, and in-house camera capture system used in . This paper analyzes that three game worlds in this film such as Fix-It Felix Jr., Sugar Rush, and Hero's Duty express different styles by using appropriate character animation and camera movements. Especially Hero's Duty game which new in-house camera capture system is extensively used maximizes unseen visuals by perfectly making realistic and believable game world. Disney's newly developed in-house camera capture system, which is used in this film for the first time, allows real camera's motion and shake and real-time camera's movement and correction within animation set. Result of this study proves that this system improves directing of feature animation and enhance efficiency of the layout department's production process. Therefore, it contributes to a great extent to development of animation films' business.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2004

Representing all the parts of human body visible to fit into the script, it can be told that real make-up has been done. Based on the point of view. it will be different from others. To become the beautiful, beauty make-up has to be done, however, to be someone described in the script or any other factions after analyzing characters of being represented, special make-up fits into that category. In the special make-up, there are two different pins: one is 2 dimension make-up which is describing images using dots, lines and colors and other is 3 dimension which will include necessary shapes to figure. Even though there seems to be different between modern technologies and handy work, since accurate measures and graphics have to be used to make perfect character describes in the script, more investments and studies than before have to be made. Real attraction of 3 dimension make-up is building up the images and shapes using unseen abstract images having analyzing characters. It will be decided in the working process called modeling. As having distinguished this part from other make-ups as named prosthetics make-up, proposing means and measures of prosthetics make-up will actually help the others who are studying make-up.