• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2009

배경: Dubost 등이 1952년에 실시한 신동맥 하부 대동맥류 수술을 시작으로 복부 대동맥류의 근치적인 수술적 치료가 시작되었다. 최근에 경피적 대동맥 스텐트 삽입술의 비약적인 발전으로 외과적 수술이 감소하고는 있으나, 여전히 근치를 위한 치료로 인정되고 있다. 저자들은 지난 6년간 시행한 복부 대동맥류의 수술성적 및 그 예후에 미치는 영향인자에 대해 분석하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2008년 3월까지 복부 대동맥류로 수술 받은 환자 18명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술의 적응은 파열, 60 mm 이상의 최대직경, 크기의 증가, 내과적으로 조절 안되는 고혈압이나 통증이 있는 경우 등이었다. 결과: 환자들의 평균 나이는 $66.6{\pm}9.3$세$(49\sim81)$였고, 남자가 12명(66.7%), 여자가 6명이었다. 신동맥 상부까지 진행된 경우는 6명(33.3%), 장골동맥까지 진행된 경우는 13명(72.2%)이었다. 진단 당시 대동맥이 파열되어 있었던 환자들은 5명(27.8%)이었다. 대동맥의 평균 최대직경은 $72.2{\pm}12.9$ mm ($58\sim109$ mm)였다. 수술은 모두 정중 복부절개를 통한 복강 내 접근으로 시행하였고, 응급수술은 6명의 환자에서 시행하였다. 대동맥 겸자 후 양쪽 하지로 혈류개통이 될 때까지의 허혈시간은 평균 $82{\pm}42$분($35\sim180$분)이었다. 전체 환자 중 3명이 사망하여 전체 사망률은 16.7%였고, 파열된 환자의 사망률은 60%, 파열되지 않은 환자의 사망률은 0%였다. 수술 후 합병증으로는 신부전, 대퇴등 정맥 폐쇄, 창상감염이 각 1예씩 있었다. 생존 환자들은 $34{\pm}26$개월($4\sim90$개월)간의 추적관찰 기간동안 대동맥 내 문제는 없이 장기생존 중이다. 사망에 영향을 주는 인자로는 파열, 응급수술이 의미 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 파열된 복부대동맥류에 대한 응급수술은 여전히 높은 사망률을 보이나, 파열되지 않은 복부대동맥류의 수술은 비교적 안전하게 진행할 수 있으며 수술 후 생존한 환자는 장기생존을 보인다. 비록 경피적 대동맥 스탠트 삽입술이 최근의 치료 경향이나 종래의 수술방법도 만족할 만 한다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권5호
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• pp.1258-1273
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• 2021

목적 풍선-스텐트 테크닉(balloon-stent technique; 이하 BST)은 복잡한 동맥류를 치료하는 보조술로서 그 고유한 장점을 가지고 있다. 저자들의 기관에서 Atlas의 출시 이래 Scepter-Atlas 조합의 BST를 치료에 적용해 온 경험을 공유하고자 한다. 대상과 방법 초기에 Atlas를 Scepter 카테터에 진입시키지 못하는 기술적 실패를 겪은 뒤 이를 해결하기 위해 문제가 되었던 기구들을 면밀히 관찰하였다. 2018년 3월부터 2019년 12월까지 총 57개의 비파열성 원위내경동맥 동맥류에 대해 코일 색전술을 시행하였고, 이중 25개(23명)의 증례는 BST로 치료하였다. 포함된 증례들의 영상 및 임상 정보는 후향적으로 수집하고 분석하였다. 결과 이 논문에서 소개하는 간단한 팁을 알게 된 이후 Scepter-Atlas 조합의 기술적 성공률은 50%에서 100%로 상승하였다. BST로 치료한 환자군에서 시술 직후에 84%, 추적검사에서 95.8%가 완전하거나 거의 완전한 폐색을 보였고 stent-assisted coil 그룹에서는 각각 96.3%, 88.4%가 시술 직후와 추적검사에서 같은 결과를 보였다. 소수의 환자에서 합병증을 보였지만 임상적으로 문제가 된 증례는 없었다. 결론 Scepter-Atlas 조합을 이용한 BST는 원위내경동맥에 위치한 비파열성 동맥류를 치료하는 데 효과적이고 안전한 방법이 될 수 있다. Scepter는 Atlas를 매개하는 카테터로 충분히 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2018

Objective : Surgical clipping of the cerebral aenurysm is considered as a standard therapy with endovascular coil embolization. The surgical clipping is known to be superior to the endovascular coil embolization in terms of recurrent rate. However, a recurrent aneurysm which is initially treated by surgical clipping is difficult to handle. The purpose of this study was to research the management of the recurrent cerebral aneurysm after a surgical clipping and how to overcome them. Methods : From January 1996 to December 2015, medical records and radiologic findings of 14 patients with recurrent aneurysm after surgical clipping were reviewed retrospectively. Detailed case-by-case analysis was performed based on preoperative, postoperative and follow-up radiologic examinations and operative findings. All clinical variables including age, sex, aneurysm size and location, type and number of applied clips, prognosis, and time to recurrence are evaluated. All patients are classified by causes of the recurrence. Possible risk factors that could contribute to those causes and overcoming ways are comprehensively discussed. Results : All recurrent aneurysms after surgical clipping were 14 of 2364 (0.5%). Three cases were males and 11 cases were females. Mean age was 52.3. At first treatment, nine cases were ruptured aneurysms, four cases were unruptured aneurysms, and one case was unknown. Locations of recurrent aneurysm were determined; anterior communicating artery (A-com) (n=7), posterior communicating artery (P-com) (n=3), middle cerebral artery (n=2), anterior cerebral artery (n=1) and basilar artery (n=1). As treatment of the recurrence, 11 cases were treated by surgical clipping and three cases were treated by endovascular coil embolization. Three cases of all 14 cases occurred in a month after the initial treatment. Eleven cases occurred after a longer interval, and three of them occurred after 15 years. By analyzing radiographs and operative findings, several main causes of the recurrent cerebral aneurysm were found. One case was incomplete clipping, five cases were clip slippage, and eight cases were fragility of vessel wall near the clip edge. Conclusion : This study revealed main causes of the recurrent aneurysm and contributing risk factors to be controlled. To manage those risk factors and ultimately prevent the recurrent aneurysm, neurosurgeons have to be careful in the technical aspect during surgery for a complete clipping without a slippage. Even in a perfect surgery, an aneurysm may recur at the clip site due to a hemodynamic change over years. Therefore, all patients must be followed up by imaging for a long period of time.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2000

Objectives : Embolization of intracranial aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC) is proving to be a safe method of protecting aneurysms from rupture. Occasionally, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms present with symptoms related to the aneurysm's mass effect on either the brain parenchyma or cranial nerves. In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the response to GDC embolization in a series of 6 patients presenting with cranial nerve dysfunction due to mass effect. Patients and Methods : Aneurysms were classified by size, shape, and amount of intraluminal thrombus. Patients were classified by duration of symptoms prior to GDC treatment(range<1 month to>4 years). Clinical assessment was performed within days of the GDC procedure and at later follow-up appointments(range 5-16 months, mean 9 months). Results : In the immediate post-GDC embolization period, one of the five patients had transient worsening of third nerve palsy, which later improved to better than baseline status. Two patients who presented with third nerve deficit from a internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction aneurysm had complete recovery. One patient who presented with hemiparesis and dysarthria from a giant mid-basilar aneurysm showed improvement of these symptoms. One patient who presented with sixth cranial nerve deficit from a cavernous aneurysm showed no change at the 8-months follow-up examination. Conclusion : The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms by using GDC is suggested as an alternative therapeutic method for improving or alleviating neurological deficits produced by mass effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2015

Objective : Elevated cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABP-I) is thought to be related to the abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Accordingly, a higher CRABP-I level could cause disorganized vessel walls by causing immature SMC phenotypes and altering extracellular matrix proteins which could result in vulnerable arterial walls with inadequate responses to hemodynamic stress. We hypothesized that elevated CRABP-I level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Moreover, we also extended this hypothesis in patients with vascular malformation according to the presence of hemorrhage. Methods : We investigated the CSF of 26 patients : SAH, n=7; unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA), n=7; arteriovenous malformation (AVM), n=4; cavernous malformation (CM), n=3; control group, n=5. The optical density of CRABP-I was confirmed by Western blotting and presented as mean${\pm}$standard error of the measurement. Results : CRABP-I in SAH ($0.33{\pm}0.09$) was significantly higher than that in the UIA ($0.12{\pm}0.01$, p=0.033) or control group ($0.10{\pm}0.01$, p=0.012). Hemorrhage presenting AVM (mean 0.45, ranged 0.30-0.59) had a higher CRABP-I level than that in AVM without hemorrhage presentation (mean 0.16, ranged 0.14-0.17). The CRABP-I intensity in CM with hemorrhage was 0.21 and 0.31, and for CM without hemorrhage 0.14. Overall, the hemorrhage presenting group (n=11, $0.34{\pm}0.06$) showed a significantly higher CRABP-I intensity than that of the non-hemorrhage presenting group (n= 10, $0.13{\pm}0.01$, p=0.001). Conclusion : The results suggest that elevated CRABP-I in the CSF could be related with aneurysm rupture. Additionally, a higher CRABP-I level seems to be associated with hemorrhage development in vascular malformation.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1993

지주막하출혈은 혈관경련, 재출혈, 수두증의 합병증이 빈번히 동반되며, 이 합병증 유무에 따라 예후에 큰 영향을 받는다. 뇌동맥파열에 의한 지주막하출혈 환자 21명과 지주막하출혈 환자 중 10명(48%)의 환자에서 SPECT 검사상 양측성 관류저하가 관찰되었으며, 일측성 관류저하가 7명(33%), 관류저하가 없는 예가 4명 (19%)이었다. 반면에 CT/MRI에서 양측성 병소가 관찰된 예는 3예(14%)이었다. 발견된 병소의 수도 SPECT의 경우는 56개었으나 CT/MRI에서는 25개만이 관찰되었다. 언어장애 또는 편측 운동장애가 발생한 환자에서 SPECT로 관련영역의 관류전하를 확인할 수 있었으며 Matastest를 시행하여 뇌동맥폐쇄시술 시 위험유무를 판정할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT 검사는 지주 막하출혈 환자에서 CT/MRI에 비하여 기능변화를 정확히 반영하여, 환자의 정확한 임상상을 비관혈적으로 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 생각되었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate effects of superovulation and time of embryo recovery on ovarian response, recovery rate and developmental stage of embryo in donor and effects of methods of synchronization, number of corpus luteum (CL), stage of embryo and time of embryo transfer on ovarian response, conception rate and number of newborn in recipients which were transferred on 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 days after synchronization. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The ovulation point of superovulated donor on 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 days after copulation was 23.3, 35.3 and 23.3, respectively. The number of embryos recovered from the donors on 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 days after copulation was 23.3, 25.8 and 19.8, respectively. The ovulation point and number of embryos recovered on 3.5 days were greater than those of 2.5 and 4.5 days. Among 232 embryos recovered on 3.5 days after copulation, 84 were blastocyst and 62 were hatching blastocyst. 2. The number of CL in recipients on 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 days after synchronization was 3.2, 2.9 and 3.8 and showed no difference among the days. 3. When the number of CL was 0, 2-3, 4-6 and more than 7 the pregnancy raet of recipients was 0, 37.5, 66.7 and 75%, respectively. The pregnancy rate of recipients increased as the number of CL increased. 4. The pregnancy rate of transferred morula, blastocyst and hatching blastocyst was 32.0, 37.2 and 24.7%, respectively. The blastocyst nhowed highest pregnancy rate. 5. When the recipients were synchronized by HCG, the number of CL, unruptured follicle, hemorrhage, pregnancy rate and number of young were 5.5, 6.4, 3.3, 72.7% and 3.3, whereas that of GnRH were 2.3, 4.4, 2.8, 25.0% and 1.2, respectively. Recipients synchronized by HCG showed better results than GnRH. 6. When the embryos were collected on 2.5 days after copulation and transferred to the synchromized recipients, the pregnancy rate and the number of young born was 62.58% and 3.1, respectively. Those of 3.5 and 4.5 days after copulation was 57.1% and 1.3, and 37.5% and 1.6. The 2.5 days showed higher pregnancy rate and number of young born than 3.5 and 4.5 days.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2000

Objectives : A clinical analysis was performed to provide management strategy and to improve management outcome of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm. Patients and Methods : We reviewed medical records of 746 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm who were admitted from July 1991 to December 1996. They were divided into two age groups : elderly(120 patients aged 65 years or older) and non-elderly(626 patients aged 64 years or younger). We investigated the differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, management outcome and surgical results. Results : Female(80.0%), internal carotid artery aneurysm(48.9%), poor clinical grade(Hunt and Hess Grade IV, V : 39.8%), postoperative subdural fluid collection(38.2%), and postoperative hydrocephalus(39.7%) were more frequent in the elderly patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, multiple aneurysm, unruptured aneurysm, rebleeding, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, postoperative hemorrhage, and low density on the postoperative brain CT scan. In some cases, surgical clipping of ruptured aneurysm could not be performed due to moribund state or refusal of surgery by the elderly patient's family. Both management outcome and surgical results in elderly aneurysm patients at 3 months after rupture were worse than those of the non-elderly group. The most common reason of unfavorable outcome was poor clinical grade in both groups, while serious medical illness causing unfavorable outcome was more common in the elderly group. Conclusion : Surgical treatment of a ruptured aneurysm should not be avoided in elderly patient solely on the basis of advanced age. If the patients are in good clinical grade, early aneurysm surgery followed by early ambulation should be recommended. Further improvements in outcome may be achieved by thorough knowledge of poor resilience of brain, CSF flow dynamics, and diminished cardiopulmonary reserve in elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2001

Objective : "Paraclinoid" aneurysms include those aneurysms arising from the internal carotid artery between the site of emergence of the carotid artery from the roof of the cavernous sinus and the origin of the posterior communicating artery. The authors reviewed and analysed the results of surgical approaches to paraclinoid aneurysms treated with transcranial surgery and endovascular surgery. Methods : Between January 1998 and May 1999, 14 patients were treated surgically through ipsilateral and contralateral pterional approaches, and anterior interhemispheric approach, and endovascular surgery for paraclinoid aneurysms. All transcranial approaches were performed by same surgeon. The medical records, neuroimaging studies and videotapes which had been recorded operations were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Twelve patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ICH. Nine of fourteen patients had multiple aneurysms. Thirteen cases were small and one was a large aneurysm. Six patients were treated through ipsilateral approaches, six contralateral pterional approaches, one anterior interhemispheric approach and one primarily by GDC embolization. All aneurysms treated through contralateral approaches were multiple aneurysms. Neck clipping was performed in 9(69.2%) of the thirteen aneurysms, wrapping in four cases, among them three cases were followed by GDC embolization. The surgical outcomes were : Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) I 71.4%, GOS II 21.4% and GOS V 7.1%. Conclusion : The surgical approaches to paraclinoid aneurysms should be chosen after careful anatomical evaluation of aneurysm and its neighboring structures. 3D-CT angiography and/or the raw data of MR angiography were useful. This study supports the usefulness of the contralateral approach to paraclinoid aneurysm associated with multiple aneurysms, unruptured and small aneurysms whose dome projecting medially, superiorly and dorsally. The determination of contralateral approach to small and medially projecting paraclinoid aneurysm may be stressful to operator, thus we believe anterior interhemispheric approach is better alternated. Also we recommend the endovascular surgery after reinforcement of aneurym neck and dome in the case with difficulty in clipping.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2001

목 적 : Paraclinoidal aneurysm은 두개강내 내경동맥 근위부에서 후교통동맥 기시부까지 생기는 뇌동맥류를 말한다. 이들 동맥류의 수술의 기술적인 문제는 근위혈관의 지혈과 안전한 동맥류로의 접근 및 뇌동맥류 경부의 완전한 노출을 고려해야 한다. 저자들은 최소침윤법의 개념으로 수술의 효율성에 대해서 관심을 가지고 수술하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 저자들은 과거 4년간 171명의 뇌동맥류 수술환자를 경험하였으며 그중 10명의 paracliniodal aneurysm환자를 수술하였고 10명중 2명은 비파열된 동맥류를 가지고 있었다. 평균 연령은 47세 였으며 전부 여자 환자였다. 그중 3명의 환자는 proximal posterior carotid artery에서 기원하였으며 4명의 환자는 carotid-ophthalmic artery에서 기원했고 나머지 3명은 superior hypophyseal artery에서 기원하였다. 결 과 : 전례에서 결찰술을 시행했으며 수술결과는 매우 양호했으며, 이들 중 뇌수두증이 있었던 1례를 제외하고 신경학적인 결손과 사망한 환자는 없었다. 시력장애증상은 4명의 환자에서 호소했지만 그중 2명은 수술후 회복되었고 나머지 2명은 더 이상 악화되지는 않았다. 결 론 : 최근 저자들의 경험에 비추어 볼 때, 수술전 진단적 혈관조형술의 정교함이 크기와 무관하게 모든 paraclinoidal aneurysm의 분류에 도움이 된다고 생각하며, 이러한 분류가 각각의 동맥류에 따른 수술적 접근을 용이하게 함으로서 대부분의 환자에서 시각능력 향상뿐만 아니라 좋은 수술결과를 초래 할 수 있고 불필요한 수기를 배제함으로서 수술시간도 단축될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.