• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.384-389
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• 2021

An optimal ground station (GS) antenna pattern design method for network-based UAV command and control communication systems considering complexity and performance is presented. The GS antenna consists of multiple side sectors and one upward sector. The antenna gain for each vertical/horizontal angle of the GS antenna according to the change of antenna design parameters such as the number of sectors, horizontal and vertical beam-width, and tilt-angle is modeled, and the effect of the parameter changes on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution in the virtual three-dimensional space is analyzed. It is observed that the tilt-angle of the side sectors has the greatest effect on the performance, and the longer the distance between GSs, the higher the maximum altitude and the smaller the number of side sectors, the tilt-angle should be lower. In addition, it is observed that the wider vertical beam-width of the side sector is advantageous in maximizing the lowest SNR, but narrow vertical beam-width is advantageous in maximizing the average SNR.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 2022

Due to the epochal development of the unmanned technology, the importance of LDT(: Location Detection Technology), which accurately estimates the location of a user or object, is dramatically increased. TOA(: Time of Arrival), which calculates a location by measuring the arrival time of signals, and TDOA(: Time Difference of Arrival) which calculates it by measuring the difference between two arrival times, are representative LDT methods. Based on the signals received from three or more base stations, TOA calculates an intersection point by drawing circles and TDOA calculates it by drawing hyperbolas. In order to improve the radio shadow area problem, a huge number of repeaters have been installed in the urban area, but the signals received through these repeaters may cause the serious error for estimating a location. In this paper, we propose an efficient location estimation technique using the signal received through the repeater. The proposed approach estimates the location of MS(: Mobile Station) employing TOA and TDOA methods, based on signals received from one repeater and two BS(: Base Station)s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.553-562
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• 2017

GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver among various sensors mounted on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) helps to perform various functions such as hovering flight and waypoint flight based on GPS signals. GPS receiver can be used in an environment where GPS signals are smoothly received. However, recently, the use of UAV has been diversifying into various fields such as facility monitoring, delivery service and leisure as UAV's application field has been expended. For this reason, GPS signals may be interrupted by UAV's flight in a shadow area where the GPS signal is limited. Multipath can also include various noises in the signal, while flying in dense areas such as high-rise buildings. In this study, we used analytical photogrammetry and auto tracking total station technique for 3D positioning of UAV. The analytical photogrammetry is based on the bundle adjustment using the collinearity equations, which is the geometric principle of the center projection. The auto tracking total station technique is based on the principle of tracking the 360 degree prism target in units of seconds or less. In both techniques, the target used for positioning the UAV is mounted on top of the UAV and there is a geometric separation in the x, y and z directions between the targets. Data were acquired at different speeds of 0.86m/s, 1.5m/s and 2.4m/s to verify the flight speed of the UAV. Accuracy was evaluated by geometric separation of the target. As a result, there was an error from 1mm to 12.9cm in the x and y directions of the UAV flight. In the z direction with relatively small movement, approximately 7cm error occurred regardless of the flight speed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.901-920
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• 2015

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in geographically isolated applications like military border area monitoring, battle field surveillance, forest fire detection systems, etc. Uninterrupted power supply is not possible in isolated locations and hence sensor nodes live on their own battery power. Localization of sensor nodes in isolated locations is important to identify the location of event for further actions. Existing localization algorithms consume more energy at sensor nodes for computation and communication thereby reduce the lifetime of entire WSNs. Existing approaches also suffer with less localization coverage and localization accuracy. The objective of the proposed work is to increase the lifetime of WSNs while increasing the localization coverage and localization accuracy. A novel intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle anchor node (IUAN) is proposed to reduce the communication cost at sensor nodes during localization. Further, the localization computation cost is reduced at each sensor node by the proposed intelligent arc selection (IAS) algorithm. IUANs construct the location-distance messages (LDMs) for sensor nodes deployed in isolated locations and reach the Control Station (CS). Further, the CS aggregates the LDMs from different IUANs and computes the position of sensor nodes using IAS algorithm. The life time of WSN is analyzed in this paper to prove the efficiency of the proposed localization approach. The proposed localization approach considerably extends the lifetime of WSNs, localization coverage and localization accuracy in isolated environments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2004

Cooling the electronic equipment is one of the major focal points of the design process and the key to successful product launch. The two-phase loop thermosyphone which is a good candidate among many available options was investigated fur cooling of the high power amplifiers. The system is composed of evaporator which contains 6 parallel cold plates, fan cooled condenser, gas-liquid separator, and interconnecting tubes. Experiments were performed for several refrigerant charging values, hs and as a experiment result, the optimum charging value fur this system was proposed. In order to optimize the system design, the operating cycle pressure and inlet/outlet temperatures of evaporator and condenser are measured and analyzed. The effect of the three parameters such as flow rate and temperature of condenser cooling air, and thermal load on the evaporator are investigated. The lower the operating pressure and the cycle temperatures are also better to prevent the leakage of the system. The system invesigated in this paper can be directly used for cooling of a real unmanned wireless communication station.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.491-494
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• 2018

Radio base stations, which are widely distributed across large areas, have many difficulties in managing them. Unmanned radio base stations in remote mountains are having a hard time accessing them in case of emergencies. Major telephone service providers only remotely control incoming and outgoing information and local small business partners responsible for maintaining actual facilities do not possess such technologies, so they are each checked during field visits. In this study, in order to monitor temperature, humidity, fire condition, and power operation at a wide range of radio base stations, real-time monitoring is carried out at the office of Klaus server through real-time monitoring.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2016

In this paper, we studied on MAC(Media Access Control) protocol for UAVs application. According to the number of UAVs, ground control station should control properly increased UAVs. So, we applied CSMA/CA that used in current civil aircraft to UAV communications and verified the applicability through comparison of throughput and delays of data with various message sizes, In the results, we confirmed applicability for UAVs MAC protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.607-612
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• 2004

Together with the requirements of tunnels, its construction methods and technologies have been pretty much developed, but frequent accidents happened under the constructions are just one of important problems which should be improved. To detect the potential hazardous factors in or ahead of time, speedy and accurate measurement are absolutely required, but currently surveying method using tapes, level and total station, has been generally taken in measuring of tunnel convergence and crown. The purpose of this study is, as using of 'Industrial photogrammetry' system which is supplying more accuracy and speedy in the measure of tunnel convergence, aimed at promotion of tunnel measurement technique and development in unmanned automatic measuring system in the future finally.e finally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.104-106
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• 2015

최근 인간의 개입을 최소화하면서 임무를 수행할 수 있는 무인항공기에 대한 활용도가 높아지는 가운데 무인선(Uamanned Maritime Vessel) 운용에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 국내에서 무인선(Uamanned Maritime Vessel) 관련 프로젝트는 오염 방제 지원, 불법조업 감시, 조난자 수색 구조 등의 감시 및 구난 방제 지원 임무와 수로조사, 해양 기상 모니터링, 적조 감시 등 해양 조사 등을 목적으로 무인선(Uamanned Maritime Vessel)을 개발하는 중이다. 무인선은 관제센터(Maritime Control Station) 또는 모선을 통하여 원격 통제로 임무를 수행하게 되며, 이를 위하여 다양한 정보가 무선통신을 통하여 유인선-무인선, 무인선-무인선, 무인선-관제센터 간에 실시간으로 제공될 것으로 예상되어진다. 본 연구에서는 ITU-R Study Group Woking Party 5B를 분석한 후, 국내 개발 예정인 무인선(Uamanned Maritime Vessel) 운용을 위하여 요구되는 통신 서비스를 구분하여 정의 및 분류하고, 이를 바탕으로 데이터 전송속도, 트래픽 이용시간, 교통량을 바탕으로 필요한 주파수 산정을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.120-123
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• 2009

The WiBro to start June 2006 is mobile internet service with 60km/h, 3Mbps. And current WiBro service is used in Seoul, the metropolitan area and the local major cities. This study suggests WiBro technology and analyzes wireless communication technology to vehicle-to-infrastructure communications for the unmanned vehicle control. We were driving vehicle with two laptop computer's WiBro unit for V2I communication environment. So each RAS(Radio Access Station) on center is tested coverage area, transmission rate, latency rate, lost rate and transmission rate to parking area environment.