• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.224-226
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• 2016

기술의 발전과 민간수요 급증으로 '무인 자율화', '이동체' 특성이 결합된 무인이동체 신시장이 급성장하고 있다. 현재 일부 국가들이 시범주행을 허용하고 있으나, 자율주행차의 정식 운행을 제도화 한 나라는 없다. 기존 차량의 경우에도 후방감지기의 잦은 오작동이나, 후방카메라의 사각지대 또는 운전자의 부주의 때문에 안전사고가 자주 일어나고 있다. 이러한 사소한 결함들을 보완이 되어야 자율주행차, 소형드론의 상용화를 위한 관련 규제를 완화 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 이동체에서 사용되었던 초음파, 레이저 센서와는 다르게 깊이 카메라를 이용하여 거리측정을 시도해보려 한다. 깊이 카메라는 레이저나 적외선을 객체나 대상 영역에 비추어 되돌아오는 광선을 받아 시간 차이를 계산하는 TOF 방식으로 거리 정보를 계산한다. 이런 카메라는 CCD 카메라 영상 화소 단위로 깊이 정보를 얻을 수 있어 실시간 깊이 정보를 모으는 데 활용할 수 있다. 이런 실시간 깊이 정보들을 이용하여 앞서 말한 문제점을 해결하고, 거리측정을 통한 장애물 회피 시스템 설계를 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.910-917
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• 2018

본 논문은 무인차량 원격 제어 시 실재감과 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 기술 개발 내용을 설명한 것이다. 일반적으로 무인차량 원격 운용 장치의 경우 조이스틱 형태의 장치나 간이 조향 휠로 구성하는 것이 대부분이다. 또한 차량 또는 장비를 직접 운전하는 감성을 구현하거나 현재 주행 상황을 운용 장치로 피드백하지 않기 때문에 사용자 입장에서는 이질감을 느낄수밖에 없었다. 최근 무인화 연구가 활발해짐에 따라, 이질감과 함께 현재의 주행 상황을 운전자에게 피드백하지 않아 발생하는 위험까지 제기되었고, 이러한 문제점을 제거하기 위한 힘반향 햅틱제어 기술의 필요성이 대두되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 무인차량 운용 장치가 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 차량의 주행 상태를 고려한 힘반향 햅틱제어 기술을 제시하였다. 고려되어진 차량 주행 상태는 첫째로 차체 옆미끄럼각(${\beta}$)과 요레이트(${\gamma}$)와 같이 상태변수와 차량 동적 거동을 나타내는 파라미터를 포함하며, 위험 구역 접근, 장애물에 의한 조향 제한 등을 나타낼 수 있는 파라미터를 포함한다. 또한 햅틱제어 기술은 크게 일반 주행 상황, 위험 구역 접근 상황, 장애물에 의한 조향 제한 상황, 제어권 전환 상황 별 알고리즘으로 구성되며, 각 상황 별 천이 과정이 자연스럽도록 알고리즘을 구성하였다. 이러한 알고리즘을 검증하기 위하여 차량동역학 해석 시뮬레이션 툴을 활용, CAN 통신으로 구성된 시뮬레이터 환경을 구축하였으며, 각 상황 별 알고리즘 동작을 평가해봄으로써 실현 가능성 및 성능을 입증하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.376-386
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• 2013

This paper proposes an improved Maximum Power Point Tracking method and design methods of unmanned solar vehicle system by parts of hardware, unmanned driving control and power conversion. The hardware design is offered on the weight reduction and structural reliability by using structural analysis software. The technique of curve fitting is applied to unmanned control system due to minimizing the vehicle's behavior. Furthermore, lateral controller applying actuator dynamics is robust enough to prevent performance degradation by measurement noise regarding position and heading angle. The power conversion system contains battery charger system and tapped-inductor boost converter. In the battery charger system, variable step-size MPPT is conducted for quick response of maximum power point tracking. The validity of the proposed algorithm are verified by simulations and experiments.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.810-820
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• 2014

Recently many studies of Radar systems mounted on ground vehicles for autonomous driving, SLAM (Simultaneous localization and mapping) and collision avoidance are reported. In near field, several hits per an object are generated after signal processing of Radar data. Hence, clustering is an essential technique to estimate their shapes and positions precisely. This paper proposes a method of grouping hits in range-doppler domains into clusters which represent each object, according to the pre-defined rules. The rules are based on the perceptual cues to separate hits by object. The morphological connectedness between hits and the characteristics of SNR distribution of hits are adopted as the perceptual cues for clustering. In various simulations for the performance assessment, the proposed method yielded more effective performance than other techniques.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2022

Recently, unmanned logistics delivery systems, such as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, written as drone below) and autonomous robot delivery systems, have been implemented in many countries due to the rapid development of autonomous driving technology. The development of these new types of advanced unmanned logistics delivery systems is essential not only to become a leading logistics company but also to secure national competitiveness. In this paper, the application of the unmanned logistics delivery system was investigated in terms of market trends, overall technology level of last mile delivery drone and autonomous delivery robot. The direction of response to changes in the last mile delivery service market was checked through a comparison of the technological level between domestic companies that produce last mile devices and advanced foreign companies. As a result of this technology level analysis, the difference between domestic companies and advanced companies was shown using tables and figures to show their relative levels. The results of this analysis reflect the opinions of experts in the field of last-mile delivery technology. In addition, the technology level of unmanned logistics delivery systems for each country was analyzed based on the number of related technology patents. Lastly, insights for the technology level analysis of unmanned last mile delivery systems were proposed as a conclusion.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1130-1133
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• 2003

The goal of this research is developing advanced lane detecting algorithm for unmanned vehicle. Previous lane detecting method to bring on error become of the lane loss and noise. Therefore, new algorithm developed to get exact information of lane. This algorithm can be used to AGV(Autonomous Guide Vehicle) and LSWS(Lane Departure Warning System), ACC(Adapted Cruise Control). We used 1/10 scale RC car to embody developed algorithm. A CCD camera is installed on top of vehicle. Images are transmitted to a main computer though wireless video transmitter. A main computer finds information of lane in road image. And it calculates control value of vehicle and transmit these to vehicle. This algorithm can detect in input image marked by 256 gray levels to get exact information of lane. To find the driving direction of vehicle, it search line equation by curve fitting of detected pixel. Finally, author used median filtering method to removal of noise and used characteristic part of road image for advanced of processing time.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2012

In unmanned vehicles' navigation, the shapes of obstacles are generally irregular and complex. The motion of vehicles based on the range sensor system such as ultrasonic sensors or laser sensors can be unstable due to the irregular shape of the obstacles. In this case, to generate stable trajectory of unmanned vehicles equipped with range sensors, we need an approach that can simplify an obstacle's irregular shape information. In this paper, we propose the trajectory generation algorithm that an vehicle can stably navigate in the environments where irregular shaped obstacles are scattered. The proposed method is verified through the analysis of vehicle's trail and direction data acquired by simulations and implementations.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

In this papers, we derive a simple kinematic and dynamic formulation of an unmanned electric bicycle. We also check the controllability of the stabilization problem of bicycle. We propose a new control algorithm for the self stabilization of unmanned bicycle with bounded wheel speed and steering angle by using nonlinear control based on the sliding patch and stuck phenomena which was introduced by W. Ham. We also propose a sort of optimal control strategy for steering angle and driving wheel speed that make the length of bicycle\`s path be the shortest. From the computer simulation results, we prove the validity of the proposed control algorithm.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제14권 제1호
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• pp.446-449
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• 2004

In the former researches〔2〕〔5〕 for the unmanned bicycle system, we do only focus on stabilizing it by using the lateral motion of mass which plays important role in driving a bicycle system. In this papers, we suggest an algorithm for deriving steering angle and speed for a given desired tracking path. As you may see in this paper, load mass balance system plays important role in stabilization and it is also discussed. We propose a control algorithm for the autonomous self stabilization of unmanned bicycle by using nonlinear compensation-like control based on the Lyapunov stability theory We then propose a tracking control strategy by moving the center of load mass left and right respectively. From the computer simulation results, we can show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1246-1253
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• 2009

To be high efficient for a navigation of unmanned ground vehicle, it must be able to distinguish between safe and hazardous regions in its immediate environment. We present an advanced method using laser range finder for building global 2D digital maps that include environment information. Laser range finder is used for mapping of obstacles and driving environment in the 2D laser plane. Rotary encoders are used for localization of UGV. The main contributions of this research are the development of an algorithm for global 2D map building and it will turn a UGV navigation based on map matching into a possibility. In this paper, a map building algorithm will be introduced and an assessment of algorithm reliability is judged at an each environment.