• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Objective : The objective of this study is to present basic data to find health care plans for the elderly by comparing time-management ability and ADL and identifying the relationships between groups with subjects of elderly people living alone and living with family in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Method : A total of 80 elders who lived alone or with family that were aged 65 or older were selected with MMSE-K, 40 people were selected as subjects for each group. For time-management ability, a questionnaire was used. ADL were assessed by using FIM. The study period was May to June 2013. Result : Comparison of scores for time-management ability and FIM of the elderly who live alone or living with family did not show any statistically significant difference. In comparison of detailed scores between groups, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups being social interaction, problem solving and memory in social cognition items among detailed items. Conclusion : Through this study, we understood that social cognitive function of the aged living alone who had less opportunity of interaction compared to that of the aged living with family was lowered. Based on this, development and study on various programs should be made with consideration of sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly within community-based occupational therapy in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

This study is aimed to derive the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement types (blast-furnace slag cement and belite cement) and to propose the basic data to field construction work after evaluating the quality properties. Specially, lime stone powder (LSP) as binder and viscosity agent are used in the combined self compacting concrete because slurry wall of an underground LNG storage tank should be kept stability of quality during concrete working. Replacement ratio of LSP is determined by confined water ratio test and main design factors including fine aggregate ratio ($S_r$), coarse aggregate ratio ($G_v$) and water-cement ratio (W/C) are selected. Also, quality properties including setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat on the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type are compared and analyzed. As test results, the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type is as followings. 1) Slag cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 13.5%, $S_r$ 47% and W/C 41%. 2) Belite cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 42.7%, Sr 43% and W/C 51%. But optimum coarse aggregate ratio is 53% regardless of cement types. Also, as test results regarding setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat of the combined self compacting concrete by cement type, belite cement type is most stable in the quality properties and is to apply the actual construction work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.595-601
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• 2010

This study was conducted to detect and identify Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella enterica subsp. using simultaneous multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) assay. 23S rRNA partial gene (S. aureus), tox R gene (V. parahaemolyticus), and inv A gene (S. enterica subsp.) as diagnostic marker gene were suggested, and their amplicon sizes were 482 bp, 368 bp, and 284 bp, respectively. Non specific amplicons by STA-5F/STA-5R primer, ToxR-F/ToxR-R primer, and 139/141 primer were not observed in genomic DNA of pathogen bacteria as Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, and Shigella sonnei. The extracted crude DNA of targeted bacteria was detected as PCR template successfully. The detection limits were $10^5\sim10^4$ CFU/mL and 10 pg of purified genomic DNA of S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, and S. enterica subsp. by using simultaneous multiplex PCR.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a traffic lights detection method using visual attention and spot-lights detection. To detect traffic lights in city streets at day and night time, the proposed method is used the structural form of a traffic lights such as colors, intensity, shape, textures. In general, traffic lights are installed at a position to increase the visibility of the drivers. The proposed method detects the candidate traffic lights regions using the top-down visual saliency model and spot-lights detect models. The visual saliency and spot-lights regions are positions of its difference from the neighboring locations in multiple features and multiple scales. For detecting traffic lights, by not using a color thresholding method, the proposed method can be applied to urban environments of variety changes in illumination and night times.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.4 s.17
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• pp.139-142
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• 1973

Experiment was conducted to study resistance of rice varieties and lines originated from Korea and IRRI-sources to the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horvath. The nature of varietal resistance to the insects was evaluated from the viewpoints of nymphal period and adult emergence. The varieties Colombia, Muthumanikam and Pankhari-203 were resistant, the varieties CO-22, Mudgo and Vellailangalayan moderately susceptible, the other varieties all susceptible. Nymphal period and rate of adult emergence were significantly different according to the degree of resistance of the rice varieties. Nymphal period was short (about 10 days) in the susceptible varieties and long (about 14-16 days) in the resistant varieties. The .ate of adult emergence was significantly lower in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. The lower rate of adult emergence in the resistant varieties may be due to the fact that the insects were suffered higher nymphal mortality in the resistant than in the susceptible varieties.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

The efficacy of mating disruptors MD-IKR (Isomate-KR) and MD-CR (Confuser-R) for controlling Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Carposina sasakii (Matsumura) was evaluated in non-chemical or organic apple orchards. For G. molesta, the efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR in Chilgok was 99.8 and 99.8% (2011) and 92.4 and 96.7% (2012), respectively, showing different mating reduction values. The efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR in Cheongsong was 99.1 and 92.8% (2011) and 99.6 and 99.6% (2012), respectively. For C. sasakii, the efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR was 100% at Chilgok and Cheongsong in 2011 and 2012. Evaluation of the shooting and fruit damage rates showed that the efficacy of the mating disruptors in controlling G. molesta and C. sasakii was better than that of the non-control. However, there was no significant control difference between using the mating disruptors and the conventional control. No difference in the efficacy of the two mating disruptors was observed. We believe that MD-IKR could be an alternative to MD-CR.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-50
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of multicultural education based on 'World Cultures' project activities on young children's multicultural acceptability and caring thinking. This study's research questions are: 1) How do 'World Cultures' project activities affect young children's multicultural acceptability?; 2) How do 'World Cultures' project activities affect young children's caring thinking? The participants were thirty-five five year olds in a day care center in Y city, Gyounggi-do and were divided into two groups. The experimental group participated in a 'World Cultures' project, whereas the control group performed activities of 'Fall' and 'World Cultures' themes of Nuri Curriculum. The measurement of multicultural acceptability was developed by Kim and Jung (2010) for elementary school students, and revised and supplemented for young children by Bak (2013). The instrument of caring thinking originated with Lipman (2003) and was translated and modified by Lee (2007). Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win 18.0, and t-tests were performed to compare the means of the two groups. Results of this study are: first, there were statistical differences in multicultural openness and multicultural relationship skills between the groups. The experimental group scores were higher than those of the control group. However, there were no significant differences in multicultural awareness and multicultural empathy. Second, there was a statistically significant difference in care thinking between the experimental group and the control group. The score for the experimental group was higher than the score for the comparative group. This result verified that "World Cultures" project activities show a positive impact on multicultural acceptability-the proper understanding and acceptance of foreign cultures. In addition, the project activities have a positive impact on caring thinking, which was related, not only to understanding and accepting other races, but also to respecting and understanding others' emotions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1991

An anatomic radiolucency called medial sigmoid depression can be observed on a number of panoramic and mandibular oblique lateral views in the ramus just below and anterior to the mandibular sigmoid notch. The radiolucency may be unilateral or bilateral. Seventy-eight mandibles of dry skulls were visually examined and radiographed by panoramic machine. The observable incidence, the location center, and the mean size of the medial sigmoid depression were studied. Additionally, the radiographic incidence of the depression was determined using 500 panoramic radiographs. Normal anatomic radiolucent areas in the jaws are encountered often in the radiographs taken for the usual dental practice purpose. Some of these radiolucencies can be misdiagnosed as pathologic entities. But in most cases, the size, location, and appearance of the radiolucent area, and the presence or absence of symptoms can lead one to the correct diagnosis before surgery is undertaken. And this can be secured if diagnosticians are aware of the common and varied appearances of the normal anatomic radiolucencies A depression in the ramus just below and slightly anterior to the most inferior aspect of mandibular sigmoid notch shows occasionally foramen-like or notch-like radiolucency on some panoramic and oblique lateral views. This radiolucency was named medial sigmoid depression by Langlais et a1. in 1983. Since there're no reports about this medial sigmoid depression after that, (The author retrieved the Mediline from 1983 to 1990: Cambridge scientific abstracts, (7200 Wisconsin Ave Bethesda MD 20814 U.S.A.) National Library of Medicine) the author studied the size and the location of the depression of the mandible specimens, and determined the relationship between the observable anatomic incidence and its reproducibility on the radiographs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to explain the making procedure and the usage of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for interpretation of radiographic images. The conventional radiograms obtained after the creation of the lesions in the acrylic plates and were enhanced in color. The observer were informed of which tooth to examine, the 'a priori' probability of a lesion present and the approximate diameter of the lesions. The two groups of films were interpreted separately by the same observer using the same rating scale. The following rating scale was used: A; definitely no lesion, B; probably no lesion, C; not sure, D; probably a lesion, and E; definitely a lesion. In analysis, for each observer the diagnostic results in terms of true positive (TP) and false positive (FP) decisions were plotted on a graph. The lowest point on the graph represents the TP and FP when only decisions designated as E according to the rating scale are included. The next point shows the TP and FP values when diagnoses designated as D are added and so forth. By connecting such plot points, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is obtained. The area under the curve represents the diagnostic accuracy resulting from a diagnostic performance at pure chance level and a value of 1.0 at perfect performance. This method has been known as an useful method to detect the minute difference for each radiographic technic, each observer and for the different lesion depths.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1996

Underground migration of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr\;and\;^{137}Cs$ in paddy and upland conditions was studied through two years' greenhouse experiment. At early and late growth stages of rice, soybean, Chinese cabbage and radish, a mixed solution of the radionuclides was applied to the water or soil surfaces of the culture boxes filled with an acidic loamy-sandy soil for the upper 20cm. Soil was sampled in layers upto $15{\sim}20cm$ down after harvest. Soil concentrations of the radionuclides decreased exponentially with increasing soil depth and more than 80% of the radioactivities remained in top $3{\sim}4cm$. The mobility of the radionuclides decreased in the order of $^{85}Sr>^{54}Mn>^{60}Co{\geq}^{137}Cs$. Downward migrations of the radionuclides were the greatest in rice soil and the lowest in soybean soil which was fertilized with the least amount of N, P and K. Differences in depth profiles between two application times indicate that the amount of daily migration from $0{\sim}1cm$ layer to the lower area decreases with increasing time after deposition. By a simultaneous addition of KCl and lime following the earlier application, downward migration in soybean, Chinese cabbage and radish soils changed little or retarded more or less but that in rice soil accelerated a little.