• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strengths of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces using different zirconia primers and universal adhesive. Materials and Methods: Fifty zirconia blocks ($15{\times}15{\times}10mm$, Zpex, Tosoh Corporation) were polished with 1,000 grit sand paper and air-abraded with $50{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ for 10 seconds (40 psi). They were divided into 5 groups: control (CO), Metal/Zirconia primer (MZ, Ivoclar Vivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (ZP, Bisco), Zirconia Liner (ZL, Sun Medical), and Scotchbond Universal adhesive (SU, 3M ESPE). Transbond XT Primer (used for CO, MZ, ZP, and ZL) and Transbond XT Paste was used for bracket bonding (Gemini clear ceramic brackets, 3M Unitek). After 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ storage, specimens underwent 2,000 thermocycles, and then, shear bond strengths were measured (1 mm/min). An adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test (p = 0.05). Results: Surface treatment with primers resulted in increased shear bond strength. The SU group showed the highest shear bond strength followed by the ZP, ZL, MZ, and CO groups, in that order. The median ARI scores were as follows: CO = 0, MZ = 0, ZP = 0, ZL = 0, and SU = 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within this experiment, zirconia primer can increase the shear bond strength of bracket bonding. The highest shear bond strength is observed in SU group, even when no primer is used.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.9
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of 2 universal adhesives used in different application modes to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: Extracted 160 sound human incisors were used for the study. Teeth were divided into 4 treatment groups: No treatment, 35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide. After bleaching treatments, groups were divided into subgroups according to the adhesive systems used and application modes (n = 10): 1) Single Bond Universal, etch and rinse mode; 2) Single Bond Universal, self-etch mode; 3) Gluma Universal, etch and rinse mode; 4) Gluma Universal, self-etch mode. After adhesive procedures nanohybrid composite resin cylinders were bonded to the enamel surfaces. All specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test after thermocycling. Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test. Results: No significant difference were found among bleaching groups (35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide, and no treatment groups) in the mean SBS values. There was also no difference in SBS values between Single Bond Universal and Gluma Universal at same application modes, whereas self-etch mode showed significantly lower SBS values than etch and rinse mode (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The bonding performance of the universal adhesives was enhanced with the etch and rinse mode application to bleached enamel and non-bleached enamel.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

목적: 레진과 니켈-크롬 합금의 결합력에 미치는 금속 프라이머 및 다용도 접착제의 영향에 대하여 비교 평가하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 120개의 니켈-크롬 합금(Vera Bond 2V) 디스크를 제작하여 아크릴 레진 실린더에 포매하였다. 시편의 표면은 220 grit, 600 grit의 실리콘 카바이드지로 연마한 뒤 $50{\mu}m$의 알루미늄옥사이드 입자를 분사하여 처리하였다. 실험군은 메탈 프라이머의 적용(Metal primer II, Alloy primer, Metal & Zirconia primer, MKZ primer)과 다용도 접착 시스템(Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal)에 따라 6개 군으로 나뉘었다. 각 시편의 중앙에 높이 2 mm, 직경 3 mm로 복합레진을 충전하였으며, 제작된 모든 시편은 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 24시간 보관하였다. 만능시험기에 시편을 위치시킨 후 1 mm/min cross head speed로 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 통계분석은0.05의 유의수준으로 일원분산분석을 시행하였고 Tukey's multiple coMParison test로 사후검정을 하였다. 결과: Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal, Metal Primer II 3개 군과 Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Metal & Zirconia Primer 3개 군 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<.001). 결론: 니켈-크롬 합금에 대한 다용도 접착 시스템의 전단결합강도는 Metal Primer II를 제외한 기존의 금속 프라이머를 적용했을 때 보다 높게 나타났다. 본 실험에서 더 나아가 다용도 접착 시스템 내 실란(Silane) 포함 여부에 따른 효과를 평가할 수 있는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 유치에서 한 단계 자가부식 접착제를 이용한 레진수복 시 타액오염 후 처치과정에 따른 미세인장강도를 비교하는 것이다. 건전한 유구치를 접착제 사용에 따라 각각 $Scotchbond^{TM}$ Universal Adhesive (SBU), All-Bond $Universal^{(R)}$ (ABU), and $Tetric^{(R)}$ N Bond Universal (TBU)의 3 그룹으로 나누어 무작위로 분배하였다. 각 그룹은 접착제 도포 후 처치과정에 따라 7가지 하위분류로 나누었다. Subgroup I은 대조군으로써, 타액오염 없이 제조사 권고사항에 따라 접착제를 적용하였다. Subgroup II - IV는 접착제 광중합 전에 타액오염을 시행하였고, subgroup V - VII는 접착제 광중합 후에 타액오염을 시행하였다. 그 후 subgroup II, V는 건조, subgroup III, IV는 수세 후 건조, subgroup IV, VII는 수세 후 건조, 그리고 접착제 재도포를 시행하였다. SBU와 ABU에서 subgroup I, IV, VII의 미세인장강도가 subgroup II, III, V, VI의 미세인장강도보다 유의하게 높았다. TBU에서 subgroup I, IV의 미세인장강도가 subgroup II, III, V, VI의 미세인장강도보다 유의하게 높았다. 이 연구 결과, 임상가는 한 단계 자가부식 접착제를 이용한 레진 수복 시 타액과 수분의 오염으로부터 철저하게 격리를 지켜야 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 타액오염이 발생하였다면, 수세 및 건조 후 접착제를 재도포할 것을 권장한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.13
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• 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the microtensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$) of multi-mode adhesives to dentin and to perform a meta-analysis to assess the significance of differences in the ${\mu}TBS$ of one of the most commonly used universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) depending on whether the etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode was used. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed of MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost. Laboratory studies that evaluated the ${\mu}TBS$ of multi-mode adhesives to dentin using either the etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode were selected. A meta-analysis was conducted of the reviewed studies to quantify the differences in the ${\mu}TBS$ of Scotchbond Universal adhesive. Results: Only 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Extensive variation was found in the restorative materials, testing methodologies, and failure mode in the reviewed articles. Furthermore, variation was also observed in the dimensions of the microtensile testing beams. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes for Scotchbond Universal adhesive (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Multi-mode 'universal' adhesives can achieve substantial bonding to dentin, regardless of the used modes (either etch-and-rinse or self-etch).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the interface between a calcium silicate cement (CSC), Biodentine and dental adhesives in terms of sealing ability. Materials and Methods: Microleakage test: 160 standardized class II cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human molars. The cavities were filled with Biodentine and then divided into 2 experimental groups according to the time of restoration: composite resin obturation 15 minutes after Biodentine handling (D0); restoration after 7 days (D7). Each group was then divided into 8 subgroups (n = 5) according to the adhesive system used: etch-and-rinse adhesive (Prime & Bond); self-etch adhesive 2 steps (Optibond XTR and Clearfil SE Bond); self-etch adhesive 1 step (Xeno III, G-aenial Bond, and Clearfil Tri-S Bond); and universal used as etch-and-rinse or self-etch (ScotchBond Universal ER or SE). After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, stained, longitudinally sectioned, and the Biodentine/adhesive percolation was quantified. Scanning electron microscopic observations: Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were observed. Results: A tendency towards less microleakage was observed when Biodentine was etched (2.47%) and when restorations were done without delay (D0: 4.31%, D7: 6.78%), but this was not significant. The adhesives containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer showed the most stable results at both times studied. All Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were homogeneous and regular. Conclusions: The good sealing of the CSC/adhesive interface is not a function of the system adhesive family used or the cement maturation before restoration. Biodentine can be used as a dentine substitute.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of light-curing on the immediate and delayed micro-shear bond strength (${\mu}SBS$) between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics and RelyX Ultimate when using Single Bond Universal (SBU). Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic specimens were ground with #600-grit SiC paper. SBU was applied and RelyX Ultimate was mixed and placed on the Y-TZP surface. The specimens were divided into three groups depending on whether light curing was done after adhesive (SBU) and resin cement application: uncured after adhesive and uncured after resin cement application (UU); uncured after adhesive, but light cured after resin cement (UC); and light cured after adhesive and light cured resin cement (CC). The three groups were further divided depending on the timing of ${\mu}SBS$ testing: immediate at 24 hours (UUI, UCI, CCI) and delayed at 4 weeks (UUD, UCD, CCD). ${\mu}SBS$ was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05). The surface of the fractured Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result: At 24 hours, ${\mu}SBS$ of UUI group ($8.60{\pm}2.06MPa$) was significantly lower than UCI group ($25.71{\pm}4.48MPa$) and CCI group ($29.54{\pm}3.62MPa$) (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference between UCI and CCI group (P>0.05). At 4 weeks, ${\mu}SBS$ of UUD group ($24.43{\pm}2.88MPa$) had significantly increased over time compared to UUI group (P<0.05). The SEM results showed mixed failure in UCI and CCI group, while UUI group showed adhesive failure. Conclusion: Light-curing of universal adhesive before or after application of RelyX Ultimate resin cement significantly improved the immediate ${\mu}SBS$ of resin cement to air-abrasion treated Y-TZP surface. After 4 weeks, the delayed ${\mu}SBS$ of the non-light curing group significantly improved to the level of light-cured groups.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 Calcium silicate를 기반으로 한 2종의 치수복조재 (Biodentine, RetroMTA)와 임상에서 사용되는 여러 가지 상아질 접착제 간의 전단결합강도를 비교 평가하는 것이다. 중심구를 가진 아크릴 레진 블록 80개를 제작하고 2그룹으로 나누어 Biodentine (BD)과 RetroMTA (RMTA)를 중심구 안에 채운 후, 무작위로 10개씩 4개의 하위군을 나누어 재료 상방에 4가지 상아질 접착제인 Clearfill SE (CSE), AQ bond plus (AQ), All bond universal (ABU) 자가부식, ABU 일괄부식을 도포한 뒤 그 위에 복합레진을 적용하였다. Universal testing machine을 이용해 전단결합 강도를 측정하였다. 통계분석은 Kruskal-Wallis를 사용하였고 Mann-Whitney의 사후검정을 하였다. 연구결과, BD - ABU 자가부식군이 가장 높은 전단결합강도를, RMTA - AQ 군이 가장 낮은 전단결합강도를 보였다. ABU 일괄부식과 ABU 자가부식군, ABU 일괄부식과 CSE 간의 유의미한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한 같은 상아질접착제 적용 시, BD가 RMTA보다 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 또한, BD와 RMTA 그룹 군에서 ABU 자가부식군 도포 후, 레진 적용했을 때 향상된 전단결합강도를 보였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2019

이 논문의 목적은 기능성 모노머를 함유한 8세대 접착제의 적용시간 감소와 인산 산부식 여부가 유치에서 접착능에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 80개의 우식이 없는 유구치를 선정하였고, 접착제의 종류에 따라서 2그룹으로 분류하였다(G-premio bond, Single bond universal). 각 그룹은 적용 시간와 인산 산부식 여부에 따라서 그룹당 10개씩, 총 4개의 하위그룹으로 추가 분류하였다. 각 하위그룹은 절반으로 나누어, 5개의 시편은 전단결합강도 측정 후 주사전자현미경을 촬영하여 파절양상을 확인하였고, 다른 5개의 시편은 미세누출을 측정하였다. G-premio bond는 적용시간와 인산 산부식 여부에 따른 결합강도와 파절양상, 미세누출의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. Single bond universal은 적용시간을 길게 한 경우가 적용시간이 짧은 경우에 비해서 유의하게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다(p = 0.014). 모든 그룹에서 나타난 전단결합강도는 임상적으로 허용 가능한 전단결합강도인 17 MPa 보다 높았다. G-premio bond는 인산 산부식 없이 적용시간을 줄여서 사용하는 방법이 가능하다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of a multi-mode universal adhesive (MUA) containing silane (Single Bond Universal, 3M EPSE) on the bonding of resin cement to lithium disilicate. Materials and Methods: Thirty IPS e.max CAD specimens (Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated. The surfaces were treated as follows: Group A, adhesive that did not contain silane (ANS, Porcelain Bonding Resin, Bisco); Group B, silane (S) and ANS; Group C, hydrofluoric acid (HF), S, and ANS; Group D, MUA; Group E, HF and MUA. Dual-cure resin cement (NX3, Kerr) was applied and composite resin cylinders of 0.8 mm in diameter were placed on it before light polymerization. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 hours or underwent a 10,000 thermocycling process prior to microshear bond strength testing. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: Bond strength varied significantly among the groups (p < 0.05), except for Groups A and D. Group C showed the highest initial bond strength ($27.1{\pm}6.9MPa$), followed by Group E, Group B, Group D, and Group A. Thermocycling significantly reduced bond strength in Groups B, C, and E (p < 0.05). Bond strength in Group C was the highest regardless of the storage conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Surface treatment of lithium disilicate using HF and silane increased the bond strength of resin cement. However, after thermocycling, the silane in MUA did not help achieve durable bond strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement, even when HF was applied.