• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.96-109
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• 2015

The Dresden Elbe Valley of Germany was delisted from the World Heritage List after a long dispute amongst the city of Dresden, UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee upon a plan to build a four-lane bridge within the boundaries of the property. The plan was claimed to threaten the Outstanding Universal Value of the heritage embedded in the view of the river landscape. However looking back on the necessity of the bridge in order to maintain the city dynamics and the needs of the local population, it is possible to diagnose that plans for the bridge had a rather different nature from the usual urban 'development' plans appearing in the vicinity of other World Heritage properties. This article examines the process that led to the delisting of the Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List and assesses the problems arising between the entities which determine the value of the heritage and the entities that implement conservation measures. Recognizing the necessity of involving the local residents, this article stresses the importance of the role of communities in heritage conservation. It is also important to set up dependable directions for establishing conservation policies which takes into account the changing dynamics of the living environment, and sound methods for assessing the impact of future projects on the heritage.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.423-432
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated and the following conclusions are presented by identifying the current status and problems in order to expand the future's value of the community care project introduced and implemented to improve the quality and care for the elderly's life. First, the needs analysis of the elderly receiving services is composed of patient-centered rather than investigator-centered, and in particular, medical management through medical staff visits should be strengthened, and specialized service items according to gender, age, disability type, and personal preference should be strengthened. This will have to be gradually strengthened. Second, by analyzing the satisfaction, redundancy, and effectiveness of service items, we save money, and consider the consumer-oriented service item composition and application of items necessary for new services. Third, through the introduction of an integrated schedule management system, it is necessary to specialize in pre-booking and visit schedule management between the elderly and the direct service organizations that provide services. Fourth, as an effort to solve the financial problem, it is necessary to prepare a rational resource sharing system with health and medical finance, long-term care insurance system, and social welfare financial project. and it may consider that putting the medical personnel who are from local public medical college input. Through these proposals, the community care business will be able to complete and have future value as a universal aged care system.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare universal goniometry (UG), which is commonly used in clinical practice to measure the range of motion (ROM) of finger joints with a wearable soft sensor glove, and to analyze the reliability to determine its usefulness. Methods: Ten healthy adults (6 males, 4 females) participated in this study. The metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), interphalangeal joint (IP), and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) of both hands were measured using UG and Mollisen HAND soft sensor gloves during active flexion, according to the American Society for Hand Therapists' measurement criteria. Measurements were taken in triplicate and averaged. The mean and standard deviation of the two methods were calculated, and the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the measurements were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot to examine the reliability and discrepancies between the measurements. Results: The results of the mean values of the flexion angles for the active range of motion (AROM) of the finger joints showed large angular differences in the finger joints, except for the MCP of the thumb. In the inter-rater reliability analysis according to the measurement method, the ICC (2, 1) value showed a low level close to 0, and the mean difference by the Bland-Altman plot showed a value greater than 0, showing a pattern of discrepancy. The 95% LOA had a wide range of differences. Conclusion: This study is a preliminary study investigating the usefulness of the soft sensor glove, and the reliability analysis showed a low level of reliability and inconsistency. However, if future studies can overcome the limitations of this study and the technical problems of the soft sensor glove in the development stage, it is suggested that the measurement instrument can show more accurate measurement and higher reliability when measuring ROM with UG.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.255-292
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• 2009

This thesis is to study on the prospect of contemporary and theory of contemporary Chinese Neo-liberalism philosopher in the 1990s. The previous Chinese liberalists focused only on political and cultural liberalism, neglecting economic liberalism. As a result, liberalism has not taken root in China. Therefore, the social problems of contemporary China are caused by immature and unregulated market economy controlled by the government, not by the market economy. On the other hand, the social relationship in China is not capitalistic yet. The Chinese need to take the gradual developing step to modernize China. China needs to begin an effort to reform China by the way and speed of the refolution, which lies between reform and revolution; not by making new value system, but by keeping daily ethics and rediscovering the Chinese value system, which is the same as universal ethnics. Moreover, it can solve the mental, cultural problems of modern society. Modernization will be achieved not by ruining the Chinese traditions, but by adjusting the traditions, keeping, and strengthening. Consequently, China will be able to move from agricultural absolutism to modern democracy. The democracy can exist only based on the market economy. Therefore, the goal will be accomplished by democracy based on the market economy starting from Confucian tradition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.243-258
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• 2022

In this paper, tensile behavior of joint filling has been investigated under experimental test and numerical simulation (particle flow code). Two concrete slabs containing semi cylinder hole were prepared. These slabs were attached to each other by glue and one cubic specimen with dimension of 19 cm×15 cm×6 cm was prepared. This sample placed in the universal testing machine where the direct tensile stress can be applied to this specimen by implementing a special type of load transferring device which converts the applied compressive load to that of the tensile during the test. In the present work, two different joint filling thickness i.e., 3 mm and 6 mm were prepared and tested in the laboratory to measure their direct tensile strengths. Concurrent with experimental test, numerical simulation was performed to investigate the effect of hole diameter, length of edge notch, filling thickness and filling length on the tensile behavior of joint filling. Model dimension was 19 cm×15 cm. hole diameter was change in four different values of 2.5 cm, 5 cm, 7.5 cm and 10 cm. glue lengths were different based on the hole diameter, i.e., 12.5 cm for hole diameter of 2.5 cm, 10 cm for hole diameter of 5 cm, 7.5 cm for hole diameter of 7.5 cm and 5 cm for hole diameter of 10 cm. length of edge notch were changed in three different value i.e., 10%, 30% and 50% of glue length. Filling thickness were changed in three different value of 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. Tensile strengths of glue and concrete were 2.37 MPa and 6.4 MPa, respectively. The load was applied at a constant rate of 1 kg/s. Results shows that hole diameter, length of edge notch, filling thickness and filling length have important effect on the tensile behavior of joint filling. In fixed glue thinks and fixed joint length, the tensile strength was decreased by increasing the hole diameter. Comparing the results showed that the strength, failure mechanism and fracture patterns obtained numerically and experimentally were similar for both cases.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.199-221
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• 2023

This study examined the moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship between values and communication styles of Korean adults. Five hundred adult men and women across the country responded the questionnaires regarding cultural universal values (openness to change, self-enhancement, conservatism, and self-transcendence), cultural-specific values (collectivism, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, family recognition through achievement, and humility), high-context communication style, and low-context communication style. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of exploring the factors influencing the communication style, self-enhancement, emotional self-control, and self-transcendence significantly predicted the high-context communication style. Whereas openness to change, self-enhancement, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and gender significantly predicted the low-context communication style. Second, age moderated the relationship between self-enhancement and high-context communication style. The high-context communication style significantly increased when the level of self-enhancement was high and the age was younger. Third, age and gender moderated the relationship between conformity to norms and high-context communication style. In the case of males with high conformity to norms and younger age, the high-context communication style significantly increased. Fourth, gender moderated the relationship between collectivism and low-context communication. As collectivism increased, men tended to increase low-context communication styles, while women tended to decrease it. Fifth, gender moderated the relationship between humility and low-context communication. In the case of women with high humility, their low-context communication style was significantly lowered. The implications and limitations of the results of this study were discussed.

• East European & Balkan Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2019

In order to understand the various cultural interactions caused by the wave of globalization, we need a proper lens that can observe and transmit correctly these phenomena. The result of understanding very differs depending on which lens is used. Translation can be regarded as a lens to communicate with each other in the world where language barriers exist. Literature is a kind of universal cultural heritage combined with the intellectual, artistic and social lifestyle of each society. Introducing this cultural complex, namely literature and impregnating people from other languages with the value of our Korean literature, begin with the correct translation. Translator should act as a literary missionary, not merely a simple communicator. The process of literary translation cannot be achieved by simple linguistic ability because it is a highly human scientific work that requires diverse talents from translators. The right translator for Korean literature in Romania is a person with diverse abilities and social experiences within the cultural framework of Korea and Romania. As the requirements of the translation environment from each country are different, the paradigm of foreign translation literature that Romania wants to accept may be very clear distinctively. With recognizing this characteristic environment of Romania, the value of Korean literature can be effectively spread in Romania. Translators are the creators of another original work. With this in mind, the education of Korean studies in Romania should pay more attention to the nurture of right and capable translators.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

The social welfare service is expanding to different field as the social welfare budget is increasing. By this opportunity, it needs to make clear of the basis of argument that the necessity of development of korean government's support and aid by social policy should be worked. Welfare economics perspective, this study used by the operating expenditure in welfare facilities for the elderly old people to effect social benefits to be gained, in other words, business value analysis. Local elderly people, provide opportunities to participate in the economic activities of the family welfare services offered to attainment of the elderly welfare policy, and provide disease prevention and health promotion opportunities, to enhance the satisfaction of life, including a wide range of impact will cause. In this study, elderly people use the welfare facilities for the elderly when they get the benefits by applying the AHP analysis techniques operating value was calculated. Elderly Welfare Center operated by the result of applying P senior welfare center Case of the metropolitan area value was estimated 248.4 billion won. Contribute to the effects caused by the cost factor of the analysis was 23.1% of the total 57.3 billion won. Independence elements 57.6 billion (23.2%), the analysis of the therapeutic elements 133.4 billion (53.7%) of the net was. The result of the study anticipates the role of basic research material for the necessity of intervention, support, and aid by the Welfare facilities for the elderly field at this point in time where the welfare budget policy in terms of universal social service is reinforced, rather than the trend, until recently, of realizing the Elderly welfare budget and service as Consumption expenditure and consumable benefits and the function of performing the effect and evaluation in tentative action of social conflict.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat applied to disintegrate cement on the removal torque value and fracture strength of titanium abutment and abutment screw. Materials and methods: Implants, titanium abutments and abutment screws were prepared for each 20 piece. Implant abutments and screws were classified as the control group in which no heat was applied and the experimental group was heated in a vacuum furnace to $450^{\circ}C$ for 8 minutes and cooled in air. The abutments and screws were connected to the implants with 30 Ncm tightening torque at interval 10 minutes and the removal torque value was measured 15 minutes later. And the fracture strength of abutment screw was measured using universal testing machine. Results: The mean removal torque value was $27.84{\pm}1.07Ncm$ in the control group and $26.55{\pm}1.56Ncm$ in the experimental group and showed statistically significant difference (P < .05). The mean fracture strength was $731.47{\pm}39.46N$ in the control group and $768.58{\pm}46.73N$ in the experimental group and showed statistically no significant difference (P > .05). Conclusion: The heat applied for cement disintegration significantly reduced the removal torque value of the abutment screw and did not significantly affect fracture strength of the abutment screw. Therefore, in the case of applying heat to disintegrate cement it is necessary to separate the abutment screw or pay attention to the reuse of the heated screw. However further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical reuse of the heated screw.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1986

For any thought and knowledge, its growth and development has close relation with the society where it is developed and grow. As Feuerbach says, the birth of spirit needs an existence of two human beings, i. e. the social background, as well as the birth of body does. But, at the educational viewpoint, the spread and the growth of such a thought or knowledge that influence favorably the development of a society must be also considered. We would discuss the goal and the function of mathematics education in relation with the prosperity of a technological civilization. But, the goal and the function are not unrelated with the spiritual culture which is basis of the technological civilization. Most societies of today can be called open democratic societies or societies which are at least standing such. The concept of rationality in such societies is a methodological principle which completes the democratic society. At the same time, it is asserted as an educational value concept which explains comprehensively the standpoint and the attitude of one who is educated in such a society. Especially, we can considered the cultivation of a mathematical thinking or a logical thinking in the goal of mathematics education as a concept which is included in such an educational value concept. The use of the concept of rationality depends on various viewpoints and criterions. We can analyze the concept of rationality at two aspects, one is the aspect of human behavior and the other is that of human belief or knowledge. Generally speaking, the rationality in human behavior means a problem solving power or a reasoning power as an instrument, i. e. the human economical cast of mind. But, the conceptual condition like this cannot include value concept. On the other hand, the rationality in human knowledge is related with the problem of rationality in human belief. For any statement which represents a certain sort of knowledge, its universal validity cannot be assured. The statements of value judgment which represent the philosophical knowledge cannot but relate to the argument on the rationality in human belief, because their finality do not easily turn out to be true or false. The positive statements in science also relate to the argument on the rationality in human belief, because there are no necessary relations between the proposition which states the all-pervasive rule and the proposition which is induced from the results of observation. Especially, the logical statement in logic or mathematics resolves itself into a question of the rationality in human belief after all, because all the logical proposition have their logical propriety in a certain deductive system which must start from some axioms, and the selection and construction of an axiomatic system cannot but depend on the belief of a man himself. Thus, we can conclude that a question of the rationality in knowledge or belief is a question of the rationality both in the content of belief or knowledge and in the process where one holds his own belief. And the rationality of both the content and the process is namely an deal form of a human ability and attitude in one's rational behavior. Considering the advancement of mathematical knowledge, we can say that mathematics is a good example which reflects such a human rationality, i. e. the human ability and attitude. By this property of mathematics itself, mathematics is deeply rooted as a good. subject which as needed in moulding the ability and attitude of a rational person who contributes to the development of the open democratic society he belongs to. But, it is needed to analyze the practicing and pursuing the rationality especially in mathematics education. Mathematics teacher must aim the rationality of process where the mathematical belief is maintained. In fact, there is no problem in the rationality of content as long the mathematics teacher does not draw mathematical conclusions without bases. But, in the mathematical activities he presents in his class, mathematics teacher must be able to show hem together with what even his own belief on the efficiency and propriety of mathematical activites can be altered and advanced by a new thinking or new experiences.