• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2017

Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC) is a system for managing the discharge load assigned by satisfying the Target Water Quality (TWQ) in Standard Flow Conditions (SFC). TWQ for a between Metropolitan Cities/Dos Specified (Cites/Dos TWQ) is very important to be the basis of each Unit Watershed TWQ. The purpose of this study was to establish a rational and scientific 'Calculation Metohd of Cites/Dos TWQ'. A methodology for the 3rd phase 'Cites/Dos TWQ' was proposed in this study based on review of the past phase (1rd and 2rd) 'Cites/Dos TWQ' in nakdong river. And utilized water quality model to estimate 3rd phase 'Cites/Dos TWQ' The allocation method of individual discharge sources are important for estimating 'Cites/Dos TWQ' In this case, the key point of the method of calculating the total allowable individual sources is the balance of the equity and the efficiency between individual sources of reduced pollutants. Thus, water quality shall be determined with regard to the current emission levels, the reduction capacity and the technical possibilities of individual sources. We estimate 3rd phase 'Cites/Dos TWQ' according to the 'Calculation Method of Cites/Dos TWQ'.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate on the applicability of Load Duration Curve (LDC) method using Maintenance of Variance Extension types 2 method and sampling data for efficient total maximum daily loads at the Nakbon-A unit watershed in Korea. The LDC method allows for characterizing water quality data such as BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P in this study at different flow regimes(or quarters). BOD usually exceeded the standard value (exceedance probability 50%) at low flow zone. On the other hand, TOC, T-N, T-P usually exceeded the standard value at dry and low flow zone. Seasonally all water quality variables usually exceeded the standard value at Q1(Jan-Mar) and Q2(Apr-Jun) zones. Improvement of effluent control from wastewater treatment plants are effective to improve BOD and T-P.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1915-1919
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• 2007

하천관리 및 수공구조물의 설계 등을 위한 빈도별 홍수량 산정 시 이용되는 방법에는 Clark 단위도법, Snyder 단위도법, KICT 단위도법 등이 있다. 이 중 대표적인 합성단위도법인 Clark 단위도법은 실무에서 가장 많이 사용되는 방법으로 꼽을 수 있으나, Clark 단위도법 매개변수인 집중시간$(T_c)$과 저류상수(K)를 추정하는 것은 단순하지 않다. Clark 단위도법의 매개변수 추정은 계측 유역인 경우와 미계측 유역인 경우로 나눌 수 있는데 대부분의 경우 미계측 유역의 도달시간 및 저류상수를 추정하는 방법으로 홍수량을 산정하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 감천유역을 대상유역으로 선정하였으며, 김천수위표 지점을 유출지점으로 선정하여 홍수량을 산정하였다. 호우사상은 김천수위국의 수위-유량 곡선식으로 유출량의 검정이 가능한 년도를 고려하여 1998${\sim}$2005년 사이의 호우사상 중 분석이 가능한 것으로 판단되는 부항2와 김천 강우관측소의 시강우 자료를 선정하였다. 선정된 호우사상은 1999년, 2002년, 2004년에 대한 총 6개의 시우량 자료로 WAMIS(국가수자원종합정보시스템)와 한강홍수통제소(www.hrfco.go.kr)의 자료실에서 제공하는 한국수문조사연보 자료를 이용하였다. 선정된 호우사상과 WMS모형을 이용하여 산정된 유역면적 및 강우관측소 별 Thiessen 가중계수를 이용하여 HEC-1모형의 최적화기법으로 Clark 단위도법의 집중시간$(T_c)$과 저류상수(K)를 산정하였으며, 계측유역의 매개변수를 산정하는 방법 중 저류방정식을 이용하는 방법을 이용하여 저류상수를 산정하여 비교하였다. 집중시간의 경우 1999년과 2002년에 비해 2004년의 결과값이 작게 산정되었으며, 저류상수의 경우 2004년의 결과값이 크게 산정되었다. 그러나, 저류방정식을 이용하여 저류상수를 결정하는 방법으로 산정한 저류상수는 비교적 일관성 있게 산정되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

There are differences in method and cycle of flow rate survey depending on purpose of the operating department. To verify and use results of flow data according to the purpose, flow data of the directly measured and tele monitoring system were compared to verify validity. Flow measurement in the Ministry of Environment is aimed at setting up a standard flow of target water quality for water quality management and securing flow data of low and normal water level seasons for water quality evaluation. In this study, correlation analysis result ($R^2$) of same time zone data by direct measurement and tele monitoring system (TMS) at Seombon D point, a unit watershed of Seomjin river, for six years ('10 ~ '15) according to implementation of Total Daily Maximum Load (TDML) was wading 0.716, boating 0.962 and on bridge 0.943, and effectiveness of measurement method was verified by characteristics of flow duration as a season of dry and low-water; normal and high water are appropriate for wading, boating, and on bridge respectively. Results revealed it is reasonable to use directly measured results using the wading and boating method for low water level and dry seasons, and TMS data for rainy seasons. It can be used important data for future policy decisions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.695-709
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• 2015

The inflow of nonpoint pollution sources due to sustainable development and urbanization is gradually increasing and causes a diversity of water pollution. There are lots of difficulties to find a solution as the problems related to variation of hydrological and natural phenomenon. A differentiated method to estimate the nonpoint pollution sources has been proposed using rainfall and characteristics of urbanization and observed data from sewage treatment districts in the study. The types of nonpoint pollution sources on an assumption of combined sewer system have been classified as three types which are inflow of rainfall, bypass of sewage treatments, and combined sewer overflows from a river. Three types for estimation of nonpoint pollution sources applied more accurately to generate a amount of nonpoint pollution loads. This study is expecting a wide application for effective water resource management on TMDL (total maximum delivery load) unit watershed and sewage treatment districts.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2010

The sensitivity of Nash model parameters is analyzed about characteristic velocities considering geomorphological dispersion in the present study. And changing shape of IUH compared and analyzed as variation of characteristic velocities through numerical experiment. Application watersheds are selected 4 subwatersheds which are located at main stream of Bocheong basin. The mean and variance of hillslope and stream path length are estimated in each watershed with GIS. And Nash model parameters are estimated with moments of path lengths and characteristic velocities. The changing trend about IUH which is derived Nash model parameters are compared as variation of characteristic velocities. The Major results of this study are summarized as follows. The Nash model parameters sensitively present changes about hillslope characteristic velocity. And the effect of the peak discharge and shape of recession in IUH dominate with hillslope's characteristic velocity, the effect of the peak time and shape of ascension in IUH dominate with channel's characteristic velocity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

A prototype surface flow constructed wetland was built in the upstream area of Sihwa reclaimed tidal lands to improve the water quality of Lake Sihwa by treating severely polluted stream water. In this study, we monitored hydrology, macrophyte (Phragmites communis Trin,) growth, and water quality in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands to evaluate their performance during the initial period after the completion of wetland construction, The average removal efficiency($\%$) in each wetland was relatively low compared with the performance data from the North America Wetland Treatment System Database (NADB), which mainly includes urban sewage-treatment wetlands. However, the average removal rates per unit area ($g/m^{2}/day$) were 0.72, 0.72 and 0.51 (BOD), 2,04, 2.46 and 0.70 (SS), 0.89, 0.43 and 1.09 (TN) and 0.02, 0.02 and 0.02 (TP) in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands and NADB, respectively. The overall performance of the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands was within the expected range of the wetland system processes contributing the reduction of the pollutant load to Lake Sihwa during the initial period of wetland operation. Considering the low influent concentration, high hydraulic loading rate, and insufficient macrophyte growth since the wetland was constructed, better performance is expected if an improved operational scheme is adopted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2017

The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was developed to extend EPIC's capabilities of simulating land management impacts for small-medium watershed and heterogeneous farms. APEX is a flexible and dynamic tool that is capable of simulating a wide array of management practices, cropping systems, and other land uses across a broad range of agricultural landscapes. APEX have its own agricultural environmental database including operation schedule, soil property, and weather data etc., by crops. However, agriculture environmental informations the APEX model has is all based on U.S. As this can cause malfunction or improper simulation while simulating highland field. In this study, database for APEX model to be utilized for South Korea established with 44,814 agriculture fields in Pyeongchang-gun, Korea from 2007 to 2016. And assessed domestic applicability by comparing T-P unit load criteria presented by National Institution of Environmental Research and result of APEX model. As a result of APEX model simulation, average T-P value for decade was 6.18. Average T-P of every year except 2011 was in range of 5.37~10.43 and this is being involved into criteria presented by National Institution of Environmental Research. It is analyzed that adjusting slope factor can make the model applicable for domestic agricultural environment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.93-101
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the influences of applications of two different evapotranspiration (ET) estimation methods on the irrigation water requirements (IWR) for paddy rice and water supply reliability of agricultural reservoirs. The modified Penman (MP), traditional method, and the Penman-Monteith (PM), the new adopted method, were applied on 149 reservoirs located in Honam province for this study. The weather date was used from 1987 to 2016, and analysed the trends of temperature and rainfall during rice growing season between past and current 10 years respectively. The increased average temperature and rainfall were observed from the current 10 years compared to the past years. This phenomena impacts on the results of ET and IWR estimations with decreased IWR obtained from high rainfall regions and increased ET obtained high temperature regions. For the comparisons of application results of two ET approaches, the PM method showed lower ET and IWR, and hence more reliable storage capacity of the reservoirs respect to water supply to paddy fields. The results also showed that the influences of different ET methods applications on the water supply reliability of reservoirs are negligible for the cases of over 3.7 watershed ratio and 670 mm unit reservoir storage, while significant variations of the results obtain from the applications between two ET approaches for the opposite cases. Further studies are necessary to consider various field conditions for practical applications of the PM method estimating ET in the fields of paddy farming.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.600-600
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• 2016

기후변화로 인한 가뭄 및 홍수 등의 이상 현상은 유역의 수자원에 미치는 영향이 크기 때문에 이에 대한 예측 및 적응방안을 마련하는 부분이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유역의 수자원 관리를 위하여 단위유역에서의 수자원 취약성을 평가하고자 하였다. 평가 지표는 기후 및 사회 경제 환경적 측면을 고려하여 선정하였으며, 취약성 정의에 따라 수량 및 수질/수생태에 대하여 각각 노출, 민감도, 적응능력으로 구성하였다. 이후 다기준 의사결정기법(Multi-criteria Decision Making, MCDM) 중 TOPSIS(Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution)를 적용하여 각각의 통합 취약성을 도출하였다. 지표 자료는 2010년을 기준으로 국가 통계 자료를 통해 수집하였으며, 유출량과 증발산량 자료는 준분포형 장기유출모형인 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 모의 자료(2005~2014)를 활용하였다. 또한, 지표에 대한 가중치는 전문가 설문조사를 통해 산정한 주관적 가중치(Subjective weight)와 수집된 자료를 통하여 산정한 객관적 가중치(Objective weight)로 구분하여 적용하였다. 인구 및 산업의 밀집도가 높은 한강권역에 대하여 표준단위유역(평균 $145km^2$)의 취약성을 평가하였으며, 각각의 취약성 우선 순위를 확인하였다. 수량 취약성의 경우에는 경기 강원북부와 충정도 일부 지역이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 수질/수생태는 수도권 등 비교적 하류에 위치한 지역의 취약성 순위가 좀 더 높았다. 가중치 적용 방법에 따른 공간분포의 차이는 수질/수생태 취약성이 더 크게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.