• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

To predict catches of Pacific anchovy Engraulis japonicus larvae, anchovy eggs were collected in the coastal waters off Gunsan, Korea, in the Yellow Sea during the main spawning season (June to July) from 2003 to 2009. A ring net was repeatedly towed vertically at 10 stations during the daytime to sample eggs. Catch data estimated by auction sales were obtained from the Fisheries Cooperatives Union of Gunsan City and daily water temperature data in the outer harbor of Gunsan City during the survey periods were obtained from the National Oceanographic Research Institute. A significant relationship was found between anchovy egg density from June to July and larval catch from July to October in the same year. Catch of anchovy larvae in Gunsan were also high when optimal growth temperatures were recorded in the coastal waters off Gunsan in July. Although the recruitment success or failure of anchovy larvae can be predicted from variability in egg density, we suggest that mean daily water temperature is a more efficient indicator for predicting variability in catches of larval anchovy in the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.81-91
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• 2023

Purpose: The article aims to assess the possibilities and contribution of countries to the creation and distribution of knowledge circulating in the scientific and technological space of the EAEU. Research design, data, and methodology: To understand the conditions and possibilities for the distribution of knowledge, the methodology of the quality of economic space used. The space is considered through density, placement, connectedness, and asymmetry. Used bibliometric analysis, balance of payments analysis, and integration indicators. Results: The study showed that low barriers, including language, created visible advantages in the mutual distribution of knowledge. However, the geo-technological space of the EAEU is polarised and has differences in the density and distribution of scientific resources. Asymmetries are shown in the distance between countries in multidirectional trends. Cooperation between countries has a different level of interaction. Conclusions: The internal resources of the geo-technological space of the EAEU are limited, and most of the needs are covered by external sources. Some mechanisms of the scientific policy of countries in scientific careers act as «demotivates» for distributing knowledge within the EAEU. Countries need to improve the quality of services and trade data to better understand technology distribution processes through bilateral channels.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.287-303
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• 2006

This paper describes the market development and marketing strategy of organic products in European Union(EU), where organic products market has grown rapidly due to a variety of factors. According to several surveys environmentally friendly agricultural products widely meet consumers demand, but the corresponding market share in Korea is less than 4.0%. Missing confidence in the authenticity of organic products, high prices compared to other foods, a low density of distribution, and a lack of a uniform label are regarded as hampering factors for market growth. The influence of the image of organic products on market development, however, is analyzed insufficiently by now. This paper therefor aims at investigating the implications of the marketing strategy and image of organic foods on its acceptance by consumers and deriving hints for the development of the market. The actual study is based on a concept of morphological market research, the result refer to Germany, Swiss, Austria.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1176-1185
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyze the distribution of the envelope of the received signal over frequency-nonselective slow Rician fading channels with aadditive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). Especially, we can obtain the error rate performance of noncoherent M-ary FSK(MFSK) over slow and flat Rician fading channels and AWGN from the new probability density function(PDF) of the envelope, not PDF of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) published before, of the received signal. When coherent MFSK signals experience the Rician fading channel, the performances are derived, using the union bound.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1768-1773
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• 2010

CEN/TS 45545 is Europe consolidation standard for fire safety on railway behicles. This is based on the International Union of Railways(UIC) and different European countries. It is intended to protect passengers and staff in railway in the event of a fire on board. It will be prepared in 2012. Based on this consolidate standard, they are going to make single market, for raising technical competitiveness, technical innovation and globalization of that standard. For this reason, European academies, manufacturers, and sub-manufacturers confer and stady animated about CEN/TS 45545. In Korea, get out the safety assessment for ues incombustible interior material, the needs of quantitative analysis on fire protection, demand on recognition of fire protection scenario, and define about fire load analysis are becomin more and more important. Therefore, this paper will estimate and compare Flammability, Smoke Density, Toxicity Index( this is the key point for appraised fire safety performance of material) between CEN/TS45545 and fire standards on railway vehicle. Then suggest criteria for fire safety on railway vehicles.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

Carcinoma of the gallbladder is an uncommon but highly malignant tumor with a poor five year survival rate. Early detection is very important for successful treatment because this tumor is very hard to cure in cases where it has advanced beyond the reach of surgical treatment. The purpose of this review was to evaluate risk factors for carcinoma of the gallbladder and determine the best management approach.. Solitary polys, more than one cm are considered to be predisposing factors for gallbladder carcinoma when they are found to be echopenic, sessile, and with a high cell density. Anomalous union of the pacreato-biliary duct(AUPBD) without a choledochal cyst is also considered to increase risk for gallbladder carcinoma. A polyps size of more than one cm and an AUPBD are indications for prophylactic cholecystectomy. The presence of gallstones is a well-established risk factor for the development of gallbladder carcinoma; risk appears to correlate with the stone size and the duration of chronic cholecystitis. Metaplastic changes of the gallbladder epithelium present with chronic cholecystitis and may indicate a premalignant lesion. Abnormal forms of cholecystitis such as xanthogranulomatous or a porcelain gallbladder also have malignant potential; cholecystoenteric fistula as well as bacterial infection of the gallbladder(typhoid, helicobacter species) also has malignant potential. In this review, the risk factors associated with carcinoma of the gallbladder are summarized with special attention to gallstones, polyps, AUPBD, and chronic inflammation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 1997

Although several reports were presented recently about bronchial arterial revascularization in clinical lung transplantation, one factor peculiar to the lung transplantation is the ischemia of the donor bronchus. Poor bronchial healing occurs frequently following clinical lung transplantation and this has been major cause of mortality and morbidity. There have been many attempts to solve bronchial anastomotic complications. Telescoping technique, one of those attempts, was advocated by San Antonio Group recently. This experiment was per(armed to evaluate the effect of telescoping anastomotic technique upon th healing of the tracheo-bronchial anastomosis. We used rabbits(weighing about 800 g) as experimental animal. Method: Resection of middle one third of cervical trachea and reanastomosis was performed by simple interrupted anastomotic technique in Group 1(n=15) and by telescoping anastomotic technique in Group 2(n= 15). Result: Anastomotic sites in the telescoping technique group showed significant increase of fibrosis in the early postoperative days(< Sdays) and remarkable band-like fibrous union compared to the simple interrupted group.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1993

The basic processes responsible for the generation of oceanic fronts were reviewed. In particular the process of a shelf sea front produced by tidal stirring was identified from the one dimensional model of the water column in the coastal area, which incorporates the microscale process for the formation of a tidal front. Also a new criterion to predict its location was suggested. The time evolutions of the distributions of density and turbulent kinetic energy calculated from the model show that the criterion for the formation of a thermocline can be predicted as $R{\delta}^4$~ constant for large $\delta$ ($\delta$＞0.5), but the dependence on $\delta$ decreases as $\delta$ goes to O, where $R=H^4Q/{K_b}^3$,{\;}{\delta}=1-Do/H$, Q is the buoyancy flux at the surface, $K_b$ is the eddy diffusivity maintained at the bottom and Do is the depth of a thermocline in the absence of bottom mixing. The depth of a thermocline was found to decrease as the bottom mixing increases for a given value of Do. The results were interpreted in comparison with the previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.229-257
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effects of high unemployment rates on the income distribution and to find out mediative factors to these effect, the relationship between unemployment and income inequality in the industrialized countries and determinants of their relationship are analysized in this paper. Major findings from the analysis are these. First, changing pattern of unemployment rates are not similiar that of income inequality in the industrialized countries. This result suggests that relationships between unemployment and income inequality are dissimiliar within the industrialized countries. Second, results from analysis about relevant factors' effect on the relationship between unemployment and income inequality, the effects of economic factors such as economic growth rates and the scale of economy are not significant. But variables such as union density rates and scale of social welfare expenditure are found to have significant effects on the relationship between unemployment and income inequality. In fact, when the policy factors enters, the negative distributional effects of unemployment are lower by 50%. These results impliy that dissmilarities between the industrialized countries in the 1980s' changing patterns of income inequality are engendered from the union density rates and scale of social welfare expenditure. These findings in this paper suggest such a implication to the Korea; In order to achieve the more deserable society, policy orientations which give the priority to the economy restructuring rather than development of social welfare have to be reexamined and modified.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.51-71
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to clarify macro causes influencing on the diversity of single-mother households poverty among OECD Countries including Korea. This study carried out pooled time series cross-section analysis applying unbalanced panel design on the period from 1981 to 2012. There is marked diversity on single-mother households poverty. GDP per capita does not contributes to reduce poverty, and female employment rate and % population 0-14 exacerbate poverty. Several factors contribute on poverty reduction including social spending, child cash spending, union density, employment protection on regular workers, proportional representation system, cumulative left cabinet, cumulative women seat. In Korea, it needs to overcome the limit of anti-poverty strategy mainly based on economic growth and labor market flexibility. And it needs to enlarge universal welfare institutions, child benefits, work-family reconciliation policy, and to design adjusted labor market institutions including union density and employment protection, to introduce consensus political model including proportional representation system to enhance left power and women's representation.